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AP Bio Chapters 6-7
Flashcards for Mr. Richard's AP Biology Chapters 6-7
63
Biology
11th Grade
09/08/2012

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Term
What type of cells have plasma membranes?
Definition
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Term
What type of cells have cytosol with organelles?
Definition
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Term
What type of cells have ribosomes?
Definition
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Term
What type of cells have a nucleus?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
what type of cells have internal membranes?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
Which type of cells are bigger?
Definition
Eukaryotic
Term
What domains are prokaryotic?
Definition
Bacteria and Archaea
Term
What domains are eukaryotic?
Definition
Eukarya, mammal, fungi, plants, and protists
Term
Where are chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell located?
Definition
the nucleoid with no nuclear membrane or nucleus
Term
Where are the chromosomes eukaryotic cell located?
Definition
a membrane bound nucleus
Term
What kind of organnelles are in a eukaryotic cells?
Definition
membrane bound
Term
What is the plasma membrane?
Definition
forms the boundary for a cell and selectively permits the pasage of materials into and out of the cell
Term
What is the plasma membrane made out of?
Definition
phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Term
What is the nucleus made of?
Definition
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
Chromatin
Term
What is in the nucleus?
Definition
the cell's DNA
Term
What is the nuclear envelope?
Definition
a double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, contiguous with ER
Term
What are nuclear pores?
Definition
pores that control what goes in or leaves the nucleus
Term
What is chromatin?
Definition
the stuff that condenses into chromosomes and is the complex of DNA and protein housed in the nucleus
Term
What is the nucleolus?
Definition
region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA complexes with proteins to form ribosomal subunits
Term
What are ribosomes?
Definition
sites of protein synthesis; may be found floating free in the cell's cytosol or bound to rough ER
Term
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Definition
network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough and smooth regions
Term
What are the 3 functions of smooth ER?
Definition
synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons
Term
What does the Rough ER do?
Definition
holds ribosomes that make proteins and makes membranes
Term
What is the flagellum?
Definition
locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane-enclosed microtubules
Term
What is the centrosome?
Definition
region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles
Term
What is the cytoskeleton?
Definition
reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein
Term
What are the three parts of the cytoskeleton?
Definition
microfilaments
intermidiate filaments
microtubules
Term
What is a peroxisome?
Definition
organelle with various specialized metabolic functoins; produces hydorgen peroxide
Term
What is a mitochondrion?
Definition
organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
Term
What is a lysosome?
Definition
digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed(broken down)
Term
What are 3 things that are found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
Definition
lysosomes, centrioles, and flagella
Term
What is the golgi apparatus?
Definition
organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
Term
What is the central vacuole?
Definition
prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
Term
What process happens in chloroplasts?
Definition
photosynthesis
Term
What are the 4 types of vacuoles?
Definition
food, contractile, central, and pigment
Term
List the continuous path of the things from the endomembrane center.
Definition
1. Nuclear envelope
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi Apparatus
4. Lysosomes
5. Vacuoles
6. Plasma membrane
Term
What are centrioles used in?
Definition
mitosis and meiosis
Term
What are the 2 types of movement?
Definition
cilia and flagella
Term
What membrane is selectively permeable?
Definition
the plasma membrane
Term
What are phospholipids?
Definition
provide a hydrophobic barrier that separates the cell from its liquid environment
Term
What are integral proteins?
Definition
those that are completely embedded in the membrane
Term
What are peripheral proteins?
Definition
those that are loosely bound to the membrane's surface
Term
What type of transport takes no energy?
Definition
passive transport
Term
What type of transport goes down the concentration gradient?
Definition
passive transport
Term
What are the 2 types of passive transport?
Definition
diffusion and facilitated diffusion
Term
Waht is diffusion?
Definition
where small hydrophobic molecules move across the plasma membrane
Term
What is facilitated diffusion?
Definition
the process where ions and hydorphilic substances diffuse across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins
Term
What are the two types of channel proteins?
Definition
aquaporins and ion channels
Term
What are aquaporins?
Definition
channel proteins that carry water molecules
Term
What are ion channels?
Definition
channel proteins that are sometimes gated and carry ions
Term
What are carrier proteins?
Definition
proteins that move molecules by changing shape
Term
What type of transport takes energy?
Definition
active transport
Term
What type of proteins are used in active transport?
Definition
carrier proteins
Term
What is cotransport?
Definition
where an ATP pump transports a specific solute indirectly drives the active transport of other substances
Term
What is a proton pump?
Definition
a pump that moves ions across the membrane
Term
What is an electrochemical gradient?
Definition
a source of potential energy that performs cell work
Term
What are the 2 types of bulk transport?
Definition
exocytosis and endocytosis
Term
Waht is exocytosis?
Definition
the process where vesicles from the cell's interior fuse with the cell membrane, expelling their contents
Term
What is endocytosis?
Definition
where the cell forms new vesicles from the plasma membrane and take in macromolecules
Term
What are the types of endocytosis?
Definition
Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Receptor mediated endocytosis
Term
What is Phagocytosis?
Definition
occurs with a solid particle and fuses with a lysosome which digests the particle
Term
What is Pinocytosis?
Definition
a nonselective endocytosis that takes in small droplets of extracellular fluid
Term
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Definition
a very specific process where only certain substances bind to specific recptors on the cell's surace
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