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AP BIO CHAPTER 5
chapter 5
26
Biology
12th Grade
09/27/2012

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Term
Active Transport
Definition
membrane proteins use cellular energy to move molecules or ions across plasma membranes against their concentration gradients
Term
Attachment Protein
Definition
Anchor the cell membrane to the inner cytoskeleton, to proteins outside the cell, and to other cells
Term
Concentration
Definition
defines the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
Term
Desmosome
Definition
Attach cells together found these are found where cells need to adhere tightly together under the stress of movement
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
movement of particles or large molecules into a cell occurs when the plasma membrane engulfs a substance in a membranous sac that pinches off, entering the cytoplasm.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
proteins that promote chemical reactions that synthesize or break apart biological molecules
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Movement of particles or large molecules out of the cell
Term
Facilitated Difussion
Definition
Water soluble molecules like ions, amino acids, and sugars diffuse down their concentration gradients with the aid of channel and carrier transport proteins
Term
Gap Junction
Definition
Cell-to-cell protein channels allowing for passage of hormones, nutrients, and ions in animal cells
Term
Glycoprotein
Definition
Proteins that have this attached on their outer membrane surface
Term
gradient
Definition
a physical difference in temperature, pressure, charge, or concentration of a particular substance in a fluid between two adjoining regions of space
Term
hypertonic
Definition
a solution with a greater solute concentration
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
a solution that has a lower solute concentration
Term
Isotomic
Definition
solutions that have equal concentrations of water and equal concentrations of dissolved substances
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher free water concentration to a region of lower free water concentration
Term
Passive transport
Definition
Diffusion of substances across a membrane down a gradient of concentration, pressure, or electrical charge; does not require cellular energy
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
Plant cells have holes in the walls of adjacent cells forming cytoplasmic connections
Term
Receptor Protein
Definition
these trigger cellular responses upon binding of specific molecules, such as hormones, sent by other cells
Term
Recognition Protein
Definition
these are glycoproteins that serve as identification tags on the surface of a cell. Allow your immune cells to ignore the tags labeled as “self” and attack foreign invaders
Term
Selectively Permeable
Definition
they allow only certain ions or molecules to permeate
Term
Solute
Definition
a substance that can be dissolved (dispersed as atoms, ions, or molecules) in a solvent
Term
Solvent
Definition
a fluid capable of dissolving a solute
Term
Tight junction
Definition
these make cell attachments leakproof
Term
transport protein
Definition
these regulate the movement of hydrophilic molecules through the plasma membrane
Term
Turgor pressure
Definition
the main pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells and bacteria cells
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