Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Bio ch 5
membrane, energy, enzymes
21
Biology
12th Grade
10/05/2008

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
exergonic reaction
Definition
releases energy, can be spontaneous or may require energy
:delta:G is negative
Term
endergonic reaction
Definition
stores energy, nonspontaneous, :delta: G is positive (photosynthesis)
absorbs free energy from its surroundings
Term
equilibrium
Definition
:delta" G = 0, otherwise known as dead,maximum stability
Term
enzymes
Definition
specialized proteins that speed up metabolic reactions by lowering the initial investment of energy required to break bonds (called activation energy)
catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions
Term
activation energy
Definition
amount of energy necessary to push the reactions over an energy barrier
Term
substrate
Definition
reactant an enzyme binds to
Term
active site
Definition
the region on the enzyme that binds to the substrate (usually a pocket or groove)
Term
enzyme-substrate complex
Definition
when an enzyme and substrate bind together
Term
induced fit
Definition
"the active site thereby embraces the substate more snugly, like a clasping handshake"
Term
How do enzymes reduce the activation energy needed to break chemical bonds?
Definition
1. providing a template for 2 or more reactants to come together in proper orientation for a reaction to occur between them
2. may directly participate in the reaction
3.strain the bonds of substrates (to decrease the energy needed to break chemical bonds)
Term
enzyme saturation
Definition
when all the active sites are engaged
the only way to increase the activity would be to add enzymes
Term
nonprotein cofactors
Definition
some enzymes require nonprotein cofactors for catalytic activity
Term
conjugated enzyme
Definition
enzyme that is bound to a cofactor
Term
prostetic group
Definition
cofactor that bonds irriversibly to a an enzyme
Term
coenzyme
Definition
organic cofactor
(bind reversibly)
Term
inhibitors
Definition
temporarily or permanently prevent enzymes from catalyzing reactions
covalent bonds=permanent
weak bonds = reversible
stabilize the conformation that lacks the active site (allosteric inhibitors)
Term
competitive inhibitor
Definition
binds to the same site as the substrate blocking the substrate from binding
can be overcome by increasing the amount of substrate
Term
noncompetitive inhibitor
Definition
bind somewhere that isnt the active site on an enzyme but slows the speed of reactions
binding causes the enzyme to change shape rendering the enzyme less affective for catalyzing reactions
Term
allosteric site
Definition
a specific receptor on the enzyme that is not the active site
binding to these molecules causes a change in shape that distorts the active site
Term
activators
Definition
stabilize the conformation that has a functional active site
Term
feedback inhibition
Definition
in which a metabolic pathway is turned off by its end product
Supporting users have an ad free experience!