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Definition
Name: Bullhead Capital
Date: 2600 B.C.E.
Period/Style: unknown
Artist: unknown
Patron: Ruler
Location: Iran/Persia (Persepolis,Iran)
Material: Stone carving
Function: To guard the city of Persepolis, it shows the strength of the city
Context: It is placed outdoors surrounded by now dismantled trilithons and ruins of the city
Descriptive Terms: carved, subtractive, rigid, guardian, organic |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Lion Gate
Date: 1400 B.C.E.
Period/Style: Hittite
Artist: unknown craftsmen
Patron: Ruler
Location: Hattusa, Turkey
Materials: rock/stone
Function: The lions stand as guards for the city
Context: Located on the gate before entering
Descriptive Terms: organic, beasts (fantastic monsters), not precise/proportionate, stiff, rigid, guardian |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Human with a Feline Head
Date: 30,000-28,000 B.C.E.
Period/Style: Paleolithic
Artist: unknown
Patron: unknown
Location: Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany
Materials: Mammoth ivory 11 3/8"
Function: Worship purposes?
Context: Increasing labor skills
Descriptive Terms: composite, animal head/human body, subtractive |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Bull Headed Lyre (Soundbox)
Date: 2600 B.C.E.
Period/Style: Sumerian
Artist: unknown
Patron: King of Ur
Location: Ur, Iraq
Materials: Gold leaf and lapis lazuli over a wooden core
Function: It supported the body of a lyre and produced sound
Context: Found in the tomb of the King in the royal cemetery (gift to deceased ruler)
Descriptive terms: Soundbox, royalty, subtractive, carving |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Ishtar Gate
Date: 575 B.C.E
Period/Style: unknown
Artist: unknown
Patron: Nebuchadnezzar II
Location: Babylon, Iraq
Materials: Blue-glazed mud bricks
Function: Processional gate and monument to Nebuchadnezzar's reign
Context: The revival of Babylon under the "king of kings" led to an upsurge in art and the restoration of the city
Descriptive Terms: additive sculpture, arc-like opening flanked by towers, reliefs of animals |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Parthenon
Date: 447-438 B.C.E.
Period/Style: Doric with Ionic elements/ High Classical Period
Artist: Iktinos and Kallikrates
Patron: unknown
Location: Acropolis, Athens, Greece
Materials: harmonic proportions x = 2y + 1 both ionic and doric
Function: It was made in honor of Athena
Context: Made in honor of Athena and has images of Athena winning battles
Descriptive Terms: 534ft, sculptured ionic frieze, doric and ionic, cella had two story doric collonade |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Youth Diving
Date: 480 B.C.E.
Period/Style: Classical mural painting
Artist: unknown
Patron: unknown
Location: Paestum, Italy
Materials: classical mural painting on the ceiling of a tomb
Function: Decoration on coffin like tomb (like vases)
Context: Symbolizes the deceased's plunge into the underworld (resembles Niobid Krater)
Descriptive Terms: youth dives from stone platform into a body of water, mural, funerary purpose |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Palette of King Narmer
Date: 3000-2920 B.C.E.
Period/Style: Predynastic Egypt
Artist: unkown
Patron: King Narmer
Location: Hierakonpolis, Egypt
Materials: Slate
Function: Commemorate the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
Context: Narmer effortlessly defeats a foe on one side, and on the other surveys the beheaded enemy
Descriptive Terms: Historical relief |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Seated Buddha preaching first sermon
Date: Second half of fifth century
Period/Style: Gupta Period
Artist: unknown
Patron: unknown
Location: Sarnath, India
Materials: Tan Sandstone 5' 3"
Function: Emphasize spirituality and sacredness of Buddha
Context: The canonical image of the Buddha combines the Gandharan monastic-robe type with the Mathuran type of soft full bodied fire attired in clinging garments
Descriptive Terms: spiritual, sacred, meditation, preaching first sermon, Wheel of the Law |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Guang
Date: 12th or 11th century B.C.E.
Period/Style: Shang Dynasty
Artist: Shang Artists
Patron: Shang Rulers
Location: Anyang, China
Materials: Bronze
Function: Could be used to hold wine and connect with the world of spirits
Context: The animal forms are connected with the world of spirits, bronze casting was perfected by the Shang Artists
Descriptive Terms: animal motifs, spirits, vessels shaped for intended purposes |
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Definition
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Name: Fibula with Orientalizing Lions
Date: 650-640 B.C.E
Period/Style: Early Etruscan
Artist: Etruscan Artist
Patron: Wealthy Etruscan Family
Location: Cerveteri, Italy
Material: Gold
Function: A clasp/safety pin used to fasten a woman's gown at the shoulder.
Context: It was found in the Regolini-Galassi Tomb alongside jewelry and other items signifying wealth.
Descriptive Terms: orientalizing, granulation, Eastern motifs |
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Term
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Definition
Name: Portrait of Augustus as General
Date: 20 B.C.E
Period/Style: Early Empire
Artist: unknown
Patron: unknown
Location: Primaporta, Italy
Material: Marble
Function: To depict Augustus in a different role showing power.
Context: The portrait depicts Augustus as a general and a recipient of the civic crown for saving the lives of fellow citizens
Descriptive Terms: Classical Greek, Polykleitos, Roman Portraiture, orator Aule Metele |
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