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Antihypertensive Drugs, Diuretics
Chapter 52 and 53
23
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2012

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Term
Hypertension
Definition
High Bp, stolic above 140 mmHg
diastolic above 90 mmHg
PRIMARY: 90-95% no reason
SECONDARY: renal, endocrine, or CNS disorders. Drugs that stimulate CNS or sodium retention.
more urin-fluid loss-decreased blood volume- lower bp due to vasodilation.
side effects: head ache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, neurologic disturbances, and disorientation.
Term
What happens when arterioles are constricted?
Definition
increases vascular resistance
Term
Auto regulation
Definition
the ability of the body tissues to regulate primarily by nutritionhal needs of tissues such as lack of oxygen or accumulation of products cellular metabolism
Term
When beta-adrenergic receptors are stimulated what happens?
Definition
Increased heart rate and force of myocardial contractions
Term
Captopril (capoten)
Definition
ACE INHIBITOR
*1st line of drug used for diabetics because they reduce protienurea and slow progression of renal impairment
Term
When should the alpha1 adrengergic receptor blockers be taken and why?
Definition
at bed time to reduce the first-dose phenomenon
Term
What is the bodys response to hypertension?
Definition
*SNS stimulation
*Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
*Angiotension II and aldosterone are formed
*Kidneys retain fluid
*Blood pressure is increased
Term
Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE)
Definition
Block enzymes that normally converts angiotensioinI to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotension II.
*by blocking angiotension II-decreases vasoconstricion, decreases aldosterone production
*used to manage Heart failure by decreasing peripheral vascular damage
Term
Losartan (cozaan)
Definition
The first ARB, redily absorbed and rabidly metabolized
*highly bound to plasma albumin
*low dose diuretic may be added.
Term
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (
ARB)
Definition
Blocks the strong blood pressure
raising effects of angiotension II
*less likely to cause hyperglycemia than ACE inhibitors and persistent cough is rare
Term
Antiadrenergics
Definition
inhibit the activity of the SNS
Term
Propranolol
Definition
*Beta-adrenergic blocking
*decreases heart rate, force of myocardial contraction, cardiac output and renin release from the kidneys.
*Abrupt withdrawal can lead to exacerbation of angina
Term
Nifedipin
Definition
Short-acting calcium channel blockers, has been used to treat hypertensive emergencies or urgencies
*dilate peripheral arteries and decreases vascular resistance by relaxing smooth muscle.
Term
hydrochlorothiazided
Definition
Thiazide diuretic most commonly used for hypertension
*only diuretic that can be given IV
*decreases the reabsorption of sodium, water, chloride, and bicarbonate in distal conveluted tubule
Term
Single drug therapy would be less effective in what race?
Definition
African American
Term
What is indicated for initial drug therapy in patient newly diagnosed with uncomplicated hypertension?
Definition
thiazide diuretic
Term
In administering a newly inditiated order for ACE inhibitors to a patient, discharge instructions will include letting them know which common adverse reaction for ACE Inhibitors
Definition
Dry nonproductive persistent cough
Term
Anticoagulants
Definition
prevent formation of new blood clots and e3xtension of clots that already exist
*they do NOT dissolve, improve blood-flow or prevent tissue damage.
*Heparins and Warfain commonly used
Term
Throbotic
Definition
Arterial thrombosis is associated with atheroclerotic plaque, hypertension, and turbulent blood flow.
* These activate platelets to initiate the coagulation process when the damage arterial endothelium
Term
A patient with a history of hypotension comes to the ER with double vision and high BP. The physician prescribes sodium nitroprusside (Nipress). This lowers bp by...
Definition
dilating
Term
spironolactone
Definition
POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC acts on the distal tubual to decrease sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
*aldosterone antagonist
*block the sodium retaining effect.
Term
Forosemidie (Lasix)
Definition
LOOP DIURETIC- inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
*can be given orally or IV
10x greater effects than Thiazides
Term
Heparin
Definition
ANTICOAGULANT given for prevention and management of thromboembolic disorders
8
*inhibit the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin to prevent throbus formation
*after thrombosis has developed+can inhibit additional coagulation
*acts immediately after IV
*does NOT cross placental barrier
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