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Anticonvulsants
a
65
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2011

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Term
partial (focal)
Definition
type of seizure that occurs in a limited portion of the brain
Term
small (limited focus)
Definition
a complex partial siezure
- formerly known as psychomotor or temporal lobe seizures
Term
aura
Definition
epileptic siezures are preceded by an ___
Term
generalized
Definition
type of seizure that involves the entire brain
Term
absense
Definition
type of siezure formerly known as petit mal
Term
atonic siezure
Definition
siezures that are sometimes called drop attacks
- lasts seconds
Term
tonic-clonic
Definition
- most common type of siezure
- rapid muscle contraction followed by relaxation
Term
1-2 minutes
Definition
tonic-clonic siezures last ____
Term
tonic-clonic
Definition
siezure formerly known as grand mal
Term
tonic-clonic
Definition
a febrile siezure is a type of ______ siezure
Term
3 month - 5 years
Definition
ferbrile siezures occur in ages ____
Term
myoclonic siezures
Definition
epileptic syndrome in which large muscle groups contract quickly
Term
status epilepticus
Definition
epilepitic syndrome that is a medical emergency
- repeated occurance of siezures
Term
electrolytes - neurotransmitter
Definition
antisiezure pharmacotherapy is directed at controlling the movement of ________ across neuronal membranes or affecting _________ balance
Term
suppress
Definition
antisiezure meds ____ neuronal activity just enough to prevent abnormal or repetitice firing
Term
chloride ions - GABA
Definition
one way antiseizure meds work is by stimulating an influx of _____ and _____
Term
sodium ions - calcium ions
Definition
one way antisiezure med work is by delaying an influx of ____ and ______
Term
GABA
Definition
by increasing the effects of _____ in the brain, drugs reduce a wide range of siezure types
Term
gradually
Definition
antisiezure drugs will _____ increase until siezures are controlled
Term
benzodiazepine
Definition
most widely prescribed drug class for siezures
- intensifies GABA action on the brain
Term
barbituates
Definition
class of drugs that treat siezures by intensifying GABA'a action on the brain, but have a low margin of safety because of CNS depression and dependancy issues
Term
hydantoins
Definition
siezure drug class that delays an influx of NA at neuron membrane which delays nerve firing
Term
succinimides
Definition
siezure drug clas that delays the entry of Ca into neuron by blockin Ca channels increasing electrical threshold so less abnormal firing
Term
partial - tonic clonic
Definition
hydantoins are GENERALLY used to treat ____ and _____ siezures
Term
glutamate
Definition
hydantoins may also interfere with the transduction of the excitatory neurotransmitter _______
Term
dilantin(phenytoin)
Definition
the oldest and most commonly prescribed siezure med
Term
dilantin(phenytoin)
Definition
first line drug in the treatment of status epilepticus
Term
hydantoins
Definition
Tegratol, Trileptal, and Depakote act by the same mechanism as _____
Term
absence
Definition
hydantoins are used the treat all epilepy except _____ siezures
Term
dilantin(phenytoin)
ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Definition
2 drugs that can cause gingival hyperplasia
Term
bradycardia
v-fib
hypotension
hyperglycemia
nystagmis
ataxia
confusion
slurred speach
twitch/nervous
insomnia
Definition
s/e of dilantin(phenytoin)
Term
dilantin(phenytoin)
Definition
siezure drug that can cause Steven Johnson syndrom
Term
10-20 mcg/ml
Definition
theraputic level for dilantin(phenytoin)
Term
nystagmus
confusion
ataxia
seizures
coma
Definition
s/s of dilantin(phenytoin) overdose
Term
activated charcoal by gastric lavage
Definition
treatment for dilantin(phenytoin) OD
Term
valproik acid (Depakene, Depakote)
Definition
preferred hydanatoin-like drug that is used treat absence siezures and mixed generalized types of siezure
Term
levetiracetam (Keppra
Definition
hydantoin-like drug whos mechanism of action is unknown
- causes suicidal thoughts and anorexia
Term
partial, myoclonic, tonic-clonic
Definition
Keppra is used to treat these three types of siezures
Term
phenobarb
Definition
barbituate used for seizures that doesn't cause sedation, more common, cheaper, long lasting, fewer side effects
Term
IV
Definition
phenobarb is a schedule ___ drug
Term
meberal
Definition
_____ is converted the phenobarb in the liver
Term
benzodiazepines
Definition
______ are a widely prescribed skeletal muscle relaxant for seizures
Term
benzodiazepines
Definition
_______ are also used for ETOH withdrawl
Term
klonopin, ativan, valium
Definition
three benzodiazepines used for epilepsy
Term
valium
Definition
benzodiazepine that has a very high suicide risk
Term
tridone
Definition
miscellaneous drug that intensifies GABA and is used to treat absense seizures
Term
Vit D, B9, B12
folate
Definition
phenobarb can cause a deficiency in these three nutrients
Term
drowsiness, laryngospasms
Definition
s/e of phenobarb
Term
D
Definition
phenobarb is pregnancy category ___
Term
dilatin
Definition
valium will increase the level of _____ and may lead to toxicity
Term
short term - status epilepticus
Definition
valium is only used for _____ siezure control or _________
Term
ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Definition
most widely prescribed succinimide
Term
absense and mixed
Definition
ethosuximide (Zarontin) is used to treat _____ and _____ seizures
Term
ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Definition
drug that causes psychosis, mood swings, and suicidal tendancies
Term
ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Definition
_______ impairs mental and physical abilities
Term
ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Definition
_____ causes sleep disturbances, attention problems, hiccups, and bone marrow supression
Term
ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Definition
_______ can cause weight loss and GI upset
Term
dilantin (phenytoin)
Definition
drug that can not be used with cardiac arrythmias, pregnancy, and lactation
Term
succinimides
Definition
drug type that can not be used in pts w/ bone marrow depression, hepatic, or renal disease
Term
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Definition
drug that can not be used in pts w/ bone marrow depression, hepatic or renal disease, pregnancy
Term
valproic acid (Depakote)
Definition
drug that can not be used in pts w/ renal disease or pregnancy
Term
theophylline
Definition
drug that will decrease serum levels of anticonvulsant
Term
hydantoins, succinimides
Definition
drug class that should be taken with food to decrease GI upset
Term
Dilantin
Definition
IV ______ must be ran with a filter and is not compatible with any other IV drugs
Term
3 years
Definition
seizures meds should only be stopped after ______ siezure free
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