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Antibiotics
Antibiotics
26
Medical
Graduate
02/08/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Antibiotic Classes (5)
Definition
  1. Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
  2. Inhibit Protein Synthesis
  3. Inhibit Nucleic Acid Snythesis
  4. Alter Cytoplasmic Membrane
  5. Inhibit Folic Acid Metabolism
Term
Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis
Definition
  •  Beta Lactams - Bactericidal
(Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Carbapenem, Aztreonam)
  • Vancomycin
Term
Penicillin
Definition

-Beta Lactam

-Bactericidal 

-Inhibit peptioglycan synthesis 

-Broad specturm but mostly used against Gram + due to acquired resistance

-Many derivatives 

Term
Cephalosporin
Definition

-B-Lactam

-Bactericidal

-Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

- inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

-1st gen = gram +

-2nd gen = gram -

-more resistant to B-Lamtamases

 

Term
Carbapenem
Definition

-Beta Lactam

-Bactericidal 

-Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to PBP

-Broad specturm

Term
Aztreonam
Definition

-Beta Lactam

-Bactericidal 

-Gram Negative only

-resistant to most B-Lactamases

-widely used by patients with penicillin allergy who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides

-used against Pseudomonas infections in  CF patients

Term
Vancomycin
Definition

-Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to precursors

-is a glycopeptide

-Bactericidal

-Active against Gram + only 

Term
Inhibit Protein Synthesis (8)
Definition

50s subunit

Linezolid, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Streptogramins

30s subunit

Aminoglycosides, Nitrofurantion, Tetracyclines

Term
Linezolid
Definition

-50s

-Inhibits protein synthesis by preventing tRNA attachment

-Bacteriostatic

-Gram Pisitive

Term
Macrolides
Definition

-50s

-Inhibits peptide elongation

-reversible binding

-bacteriostatic

-Broad spectrum

(erythromycin, Z-Pack)

Term
Chloramphenicol
Definition

-50s

-inhibits peptide elongation

-bacteriostatic 

-Broad spectrum

Term
Clindamycin
Definition

-50s

-prevents elongation

-Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

-broad spectrum

Term
Streptogramin
Definition

-50s

-prevents elongation and release of partial peptides

-Gram +

BACTERICIDAL 

Term
Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis (3)
Definition

-Quinolones

-Rifamycin

-Metronidazole

Term

Quinolones

e.g. ciprofloxacin

Definition

-Terminate DNA replication by binding DNA topoisomerases

-Bactericidal

-Broad spectrum

Term
Aminoglycosides
Definition

-30s

-Gram Negative

-Inhibit ribosome/mRNA interaction by irreversible binding

-Bactericidal

Term
Nitrofurantoin
Definition

-30s

-Non specific binding, inhibits synthesis of bacterial enzymes

-bactericidal

-Broad spectrum

-Used for UTI's

Term
Tetracyclines
Definition

-30s

-Prevent attachment of tRNA to ribosome complex

-Bactetriostatic

-borad spectrum

Term

Rifamycin

e.g. Rifampin

Definition

-inhibits mRNA synthesis by binding to DNA dependent RNA polymerase

-mostly Gram positive b/c cant cross outer membrane of gram negative

-bactericidal

 

 

Term
Metronidazole
Definition

-Inhibits Nucleic Acid Synthesis

-initially used to combat parasitic infections

-must be modified by bacteria in order to kill

-altered by bacterial nitroreductase (aerobes only) resulting in cytotoxic compounds that affect DNA

-Bactericidal

Term
Alter Cytoplasmic Membrane (2)
Definition
Polymyxins, Daptomycin
Term
Polymyxins
Definition

-Interacts with phospholipids to increase membrane permeability

-bactericidal

-nephrotoxic

-Gram negative

Term
Daptomycin
Definition

-Disrupts cell membrane function by messing up ion concentraion gradient

-bactericidal 

-Gram Positive

-Binds irreversibly to inner cell membrane of susceptible organisms

Term
Inhibit Folic Acid Metabolism (2)
Definition

-Sulfonamides

-Trimethoprim

Term
Sulfonamides
Definition

-inhibts PABA converion to dihydrofolate (P-Amino Benzoic Acid)

-bacteriostatic

Term
Trimethoprim
Definition

-Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

-used with sulfamethoxazole (bactrim) to become bactericidal - SYNERGISTIC

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