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Antibiotics and Cancer Test
Pharmacology Test 4
51
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
10/24/2010

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Cards

Term
Aminoglycosides Common Uses
Definition
EX: Gentamycin.
Very Potent (gram -)
Used for serious systemic infections including E.coli, Staph, Proteus, Klebisella, Pseudoma, and bacterial endocarditis.
Streptomycin is used for TB.
Term
Aminoglycosides Adverse effects
Definition
Serious S/E: Ototoxic and Nephrotoxic
Term
Fluoroquinolones Common Uses
Definition
Used for some gram + and some gram -
UTIs, Respiratory infections, GI, bone and joint issues, and STDs.
Term
Fluoroquinolones Adverse effects
Definition
N/V, diarrhea, dizzines, HA, insomnia.
Term
Sulfonamides Common Uses
Definition

EX: Bactrim Used for gram + and gram -

 UTIs

Pneumonia and shigella infections of the small bowel. Enterobacter,

e.coli,

klebsiella,

staph.

For preventative tx for HIV pts against pneumocystis.

Term
Sulfonamides Adverse Effects
Definition
Crystals in urine, hypersensitivity reactions, N/V, delayed cutaneous reaction (rash)
Term
Penicillin Common Uses
Definition

Broad Spectrum Used for gram + 

Most commonly used for: Strep,

Also used for:

staph,

pneumonia,

meningitis,

skin, bone, and joint infections,

stomach infections,

blood and valve infections,

gas gangrene,

tetanus,

anthrax,

  sickle-cell anemia in infants.

Term
Penicillin Adverse effects
Definition
Most common: Allergy
Less common: rash, puritius, fever. GI upset, pain at IM site.
Term
Cephalosporins Common Uses
Definition

Four generations Largest antibiotic class First generation: Keflex - active against gram +. Second generation: Ceclor - active against gram + and some gram - Third generation: Resefan (broadest spectrum) used if you don't know the cause of the infection. Can treat gram + and gram -

They're used to treat UTIs, respiratiory infections, and for surgical prophylaxis.

Term
Cephalosporin Adverse Effects
Definition
Fairly safe, like penicillin.
Most common: allergic reaction
Can have GI upset, and edema
Term
Tetracyclines Common Uses
Definition
Used to treat more unusual viruses.
Treats some gram - and some gram + but not broad spectrum.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Typhus
Cholera
Lyme disease
Peptic Ulcers
Chlamidya
Acne
Term
Tetracycline Adverse Effects
Definition
GI distress, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration in young people, superinfection, diarrhea, pseudomembraneous colitis. Take with food.
Term
Monobactams Common Uses
Definition
 Only kill gram - bacteria.
Term
Monbactam Adverse Effects
Definition
Allergic reactions. Can be used in pts allergic to penicllin or cephalosporins.
Term
Macroglides Commmon Uses
Definition
Broad spectrum gram - and gram + Whooping cough Legionnaires disease strep H. Influenza Mycoplasma pneumonaie Listeria Chlamydia Neisseria Peptic Ulcer disease
Term
Macrolide Adverse Effects
Definition
Few serious side effects. Mild GI Upset, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
Term
Oxazolidineones : ZYVOX
Definition
Effective against MRSA, like vancomycin.
Term
Zyvox adverse effect
Definition
Thrombocytopenia leading to bleeding, diarrhea, HA, N/V, rash, dizziness, fever
Term
Who should not take Zyvox?
Definition
Pregnant women, pts with a hypersensitivity to the drug. Should be used with caution in pts with hypertension.
Term
Vancomycin Common Uses
Definition
EX: Vancocin
Gram +
Methocylin Staph
MRSA
Term
Vancomycin Adverse Effects
Definition
Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity leading to uremia.
Red-man syndrome
Superinfections
Chills
Fever
Skin rash
hives
nausea
Term
What are the peak and trough levels of Vancomycin?
Definition
Peak 25-40 mcg/mL 1 hour after admin.
Trough is 5-10 mcg/mL 1 hour prior to admin.
Term
Amphotericin B
Definition
Fights severe systemic and invasive fungal diseases and has severe side effects. Works for AIDS pts, and pts with burns, pts taking corticosteroids, pts with indwelling catheters, or having recent organ transplants.
Term
Amphotericin B Adverse Effects
Definition
Sometimes serious side effects.
fever and chills
vomiting
H/A at beginning of therapy but subsides, Hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, and N/V. Plebitis is common with IV therapy. Nephrotoxicity in 80% of pts.
Term
Bacterialcidal
Definition
Medicine kills the bacteria
Term
Bacteriostatic
Definition
Medicine slows the growth of bacteria
Term
Superinfection
Definition
when host flora die off due to meds and new infections grow. they can also make host flora attack the host. Signs: UTIs, mouth sores caused by e.coli, and herpes.
Term
antibiotic resistance
Definition
Comes from bacteria multiplying and mutations occuring during the multiplication process that allows the bacteria to be resistant to meds being used.
Term
When should a culture be performed?
Definition
Prior to med administraion
Term
How do you assess for adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
Definition
Since ototoxicity is a S/E it can be assessed by checking hearing, testing balance, seeing if there is ringing in the ears.
Nephrotoxicity is also a S/E: and that can be checked by abnormal urine function tests like BUN and creatinine tests.
Term
How do you check for adverse effects of Vancomycin?
Definition
Check to see if the red-man syndrome is causing a reaction such as red rash of the upper trunk, face, neck. Check for superinfection by looking for mouth sores or white plaques in the mouth, vaginal infections, chills, fever, hives, hearing loss. Crackles in lungs, edema, and BUN and creatine tests.
Term
What class is Keflex in?
Definition
Cephalosporins
Term
What class is azithromycin in?
Definition
Monobactams
Term
What is good for antibiotic dosing?
Definition
Even time increments to sustain levels in blood. EX: 2X/Day - every 12 hrs.
3X/Day - every 8 hrs.
Term
What drug interaction occurs with Warfarin and Bactrim?
Definition
Bactrim will enhance the effects of Warfarin which is a blood thinner. Your blood will be too thin.
Term
Who should receive prophylactic antitubercular treatment?
Definition
People in close contact with TB pts, immunosuppressed pts, pts who receive a positive TB tests and HIV pts.
Term
INH and dilantin interaction?
Definition
You may increase serum levels of dilantin (pheytoin) and could cause toxicity of the dilantin.
Term
What is the primary use of Flagyl?
Definition
Anaerobic infections. Bacteriodes, Clostridium.
Term
When should antiviral treatment for the flu begin?
Definition
Within 48 hours of onset of symptoms. Tamaflu.
Term
Which populations are the priority for flu shots?
Definition
Older adults, healtcare workers, children.
Term
When should an immunization not be given?
Definition
When pt shows signs of infection, weakened immune systems, and to pregnant women.
Term
Which tumors respond best to chemo?
Definition
Young tumors because they're in constant stages of growth and different chemo meds can attack the cells while growing.
Term
Neutropenia, ANC what is it?
Definition
Neutropenia is when there is only a small # of neutrophils in the blood. They're the most affected by chemo drugs.
ANC is absolute neutrophil count and if it falls below 500/mm, the risk for infection increases.
Term
Biologic response modifiers: Common side effects
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, malaise)
Diarrhea
Term
Which drugs are effective against MRSA?
Definition
Vancomycin and Zyvox
Term
What are the Gram + infections?
Definition
Staph, Strep
Term
What are some Gram - infections?
Definition
E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Enterococci
Term
What gram + staph infection can Vancomycin treat?
Definition
A very rare, and hard to treat Methocylin staph
Term
Which antibitotics are broad spectrum?
Definition
Penicillin, 3rd generation Cephalosporins, tetracyclines (but more for specific illnesses),
Term
Which bacteria are harder to treat?
Definition
Gram - because there are less antibiotics that work against these.
Term
How is nystatin administered via P.O.?
Definition
Swished in the mouth for two minutes then spit out or swallowed if there are sores in the esophagus.
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