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Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Part 1
30
Nursing
Graduate
11/01/2014

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Term
WE KNOW THAT ARRHYTHMIAS CAN OCCUR FROM ABNORMAL IMPULSES ANYWHERE IN THE HEART. WHAT KIND OF ARRHYTHMIAS OCCUR IN THE ATRIA OR AV NODE AND THE VENTRICLES?
Definition
ATRIA- A-FIBB/FLUTTER, PSVT, PAT. VENTRICLES VT, V-FIBB, PVCS
Term
CAN PM CELLS INITIATE SPONT. ACTION POTENTIALS? WHERE ARE THEY FOUND AT?
Definition
YES. SA NODE, AV NODE, AND VENTRICULAR CONDUCTING SYSTEM (BUNDLE OF HIS, BUNDLE BRANCHES, AND PURKINJE FIBERS).
Term
WHAT ARE NONPACEMAKER CELLS?
Definition
ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES THAT CONTRACT IN RESPONSE TO DEPOLARIZATION.
Term
DESCRIBE THE 3 PHASES OF SA NODE POTENTIAL.
Definition
PHASE 4: SLOW SPONT. DEPLARIZATION CAUSED BY AN INWARD CURRENT OF SODIUM (AND CALCIUM), AND THE CESSATION OF POTASSIUM EFFLUX. PHASE 0 IS RAPID DEPOLARIZATION DUE TO VOLTAGE GATES CALCIUM CHANNELS (CALCIUM INFLUX). PHASE 3 IS CALCIUM CHANNELS CLOSE AND POTASSIUM CHANNELS OPEN IN ORDER TO REPOLARIZE THE CELL (POTASSIUM EFFLUX).
Term
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE BETWEEN THE SA NODE POTENTIAL AND THE VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE POTENTIALS.
Definition
SA NODE LOOKS LIKE A HILL WHEREARS THE VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE POTENTIAL IS LIKE A SQUARE.
Term
DOES MYOCYTES HAVE RMP?
Definition
YES! UNLIKE SA NODE POTENTIALS. THERE IS NO SPONT. DEPOLARIZATION UNDER NML CONDITIONS.
Term
HOW MANY PHASES ARE IN VENTRICULAR ACTION POTENTIAL?
Definition
5 ALTHOUGH IT IS NUMBERED PHASE 0- PHASE 4.
Term
DESCRIBE PHASE O OF VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE POTENTIAL.
Definition
PHASE 0 IS RAPID DEPOLARIZATION CAUSE BY INCREASE IN SODIUM INFLUX VIA VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.
Term
DESCRIBE PHASE 1 AND 2 FOR VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE POTENTIALS.
Definition
PHASE 1 IS EARLY REPOLARIZATION FROM INACTIVATION OF SODIUM INFLUX CHANNELS AND ACTIVATION OF POTASSIUM EFFLUX. PHASE 2 IS PLATEAU PHASE D/T CALCIUM INFLUX AND POTASSIUM EFFLUX.
Term
DESCRIBE PHASE 3 AND PHASE 4 OF VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE POTENTIALS.
Definition
PHASE 3 IS LATE REPOLARIZATION FROM INACTIVATION OF CALCIUM CHANNELS AND CONTINUES POTASSIUM EFFLUX. PHASE 4 RMP IS REESTABLISHED BY K CHANNELS.
Term
WHEN IS THE REFRACTORY PERIOD FOR A VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE POTENTIAL?
Definition
FROM PHASE 1 TO END OF PHASE 3. PNS INCREASES THRESHOLD AND INCREASES SLOPE.
Term
ALL ARRHYTHMIAS ARE THE RESULT OF EITHER A DEFECT IN IMPULSE FORMATION _____ OR IMPULSE CONDUCTION _____.
Definition
SA NODE DEFECT, ANYWHERE.
Term
IN RELATION TO SA NODE AS AN IMPULSE FORMATION THE SNS ACTIVATION INCREASES AUTOMATICITY BY DOING WHAT TO THE SLOPE OF PHASE 4. WHAT DOES THE PNS DO TO THE SLOPE.?
Definition
SNS INCREASES THE SLOPE OF PHASE 4 WHILE PNS DECREASES IT R/T DECREASED AUTOMATICITY AND INCREASE IN THRESHOLD. SNS ALSO DECREASES THRESHOLD (ACTION POTENTIALS HAPPENS QUICKER)
Term
CAN ABNORMAL PM CELLS IN THE HEART OVERTAKE THE SA NODAL RATE?
Definition
YES IF THE SA NODAL FIRING IS SLOW OR IMPAIRED, AN ESCAPE BEAT MAY BE INITIATED BY ANOTHER PM CELL. ECTOPIC BEATS OCCUR AT A FASTER RATE THAN THE SA NODE, AND CAN OCCUR EVEN IF THE SA NODE IS FIRING NORMALLY. EX. PAC, PVC
Term
WHAT ARE AFTER-DEPOLARIZATIONS?
Definition
THEY OCCUR WHEN A NORMAL ACTION POTENTIAL CAUSES THE FORMATION OF ABNORMAL IMPULSES.
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 AFTER DEPOLARIZATIONS? DESCRIBE THEM. WHICH 1 IS MORE DANGEROUS.
Definition
THERE IS EARLY AFTER-DEPOLARIZATION AND LATE AFTER-DEPOLARIZATION. EARLY AFTER-DEPOLARIZATION = CELL NEVER FULLY REPOLARIZED; MORE DANGEROUS. LATE AFTER-DEPOLARIZATIONS = CELL HAS FULLY REPOLARIZED; LESS DANGEROUS.
Term
WHEN DOES REENTRY OCCUR?
Definition
WHEN AN IMPULSE STIMULATES THE SAME CARDIAC TISSUE REPEATEDLY. LIKE WPW
Term
WHAT CAUSES REENTRY?
Definition
OCCURS WHEN A UNIDERECTIONAL BLOCK IS PRESENT IN A BIFURCATING CONDUCTION PATHWAY, AND RETROGRADE CONDUCTION OCCURS.
Term
WHEN DOES CONDUCTION BLOCKS EXIST? DESCTRIBE THEM.
Definition
WHEN TISSUE IS INEXCITABLE (ISCHEMIA, SCARRING OR REFRACTORY). CONDUCTION SLOWS UNTIL IT REACHES THE INEXCITABLE TISSUE, THEN STOPS.
Term
WHEN A CONDUCTION BLOCK IS PRESENT HOW DOES THE AREA PAST ISCHEMIA GET CONDUCTION?
Definition
RETROGRADE CONDUCTION IS ABLE TO MAINTAIN VELOCITY AND "JUMP" OVER THE ISCHEMIC AREA.
Term
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON MECHANISM FOR PSVT?
Definition
AV NODAL REENTRY. THE REENTRY CIRCUIT IS ENTIRELY WITHIN THE AV NODE.
Term
AVNRT IS MOST COMMON WITH WHAT?
Definition
AV NODAL RE-ENTRY TACHYCARDIA IS MOST COMMON WITH SVT.
Term
FOR THE BUNDLE OF KENT WHAT DOES IT BYPASS, WITH IS THE FIRST LINE DRUG, AND WHAT IS THE LONG TERM TREATMENT?
Definition
BYPASSES AV-NODE. FIRST LINE DRUG IS AMIODARONE. LONG TERM TREATMENT IS ABLATION.
Term
BLOCKAGE OF WHAT 2 CHANNELS CAN SUPPRESS OR PREVENT ABNORMAL IMPULSES FORMATION OR CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES BY ALTERING THE THRESHOLD POTENTIAL?
Definition
SODIUM AND CALCIUM CHANNELS.
Term
BLOCKAGE OF WHAT CHANNELS CAN PROLONG REPOLARIZATION AND REFRACTORY PERIOD OF TISSUE?
Definition
POTASSIUM CHANNELS.
Term
WHAT KIND OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION CAN DECREASE AUTOMATICITY AND CONDUCTION VELOCITY?
Definition
SYMPATHOLYTICS (B-BLOCKERS)
Term
WHAT DRUGS WORK ON CLASS 1?
Definition
SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS.
Term
WHAT DRUGS WORK ON CLASS 2?
Definition
BETA BLOCKERS
Term
WHAT DRUGS WORK ON CLASS 3?
Definition
POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Term
WHAT DRUGS WORK ON CLASS 4?
Definition
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS.
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