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Anti-protozoan and helminthic
Test 4
17
Pharmacology
Professional
04/12/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Metronidazole
Definition

Anaerobic ETS makes free radicals

Anaerobic Protozoa (giardia, trichomonas, entamoeba) and bacteria (Clostridium, Helicobacter)

*Avoid alcohol (disulfiram effects)

Term

Quinine + Doxycycline?

if pregnant?

Definition

Tx for P. falciparum and P. vivax

If pregnant use Quinine + Clindamycin

Term
Primaquine
Definition
Kills latent hypnozoites
Term
Chloroquine
Definition

Parasitized RBC's take up 100x more than uninfected, heme cannot polymerize (parasites die in own waste)

Resistance in vacuole transporter crt

Contra in epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, and *exacerbates psoriasis

 

Term
Quinine
Definition

Effective against chloroquine resistant erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium

resistance with mdr1

*do not give with tinnitus or optic neuritis

Term
Atovaquone/Proguanil
Definition

Ato-Selective mitochondrial cyt bc1 inhibitor

Proguanil- enhances collapse of mito membrane potential and inhibits DHFR

Tx: malaria prophylaxis and tx, Toxoplasma, and pneumocystis

Term
Quinidine Gluconate
Definition

Tx for severe malaria

*cardiotoxic, hypoTN, hypoglycemia, prolonged QT interval

Term
Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine
Definition

Tx for Toxoplasma gondii (apicomplexa protozoa)

-DHPS and DHFR inhibitor

*Sulfa allergies, pyr toxicity (bone marrow suppression)

Also, does not eliminate cyst form

*supplement with leucovorin, lowers toxicity

sub Clindamycin if sulfa allergy

Term
Sodium Stibogluconate
Definition

Effective against Leischmaniasis

*may also be able to use Amphotericin B

Term
Nifurtimox
Definition

Anti-trypanosoma

Tx for American Chagas dx and 2nd stage African Sleeping sickness (both trypanosomas)

-causes free radicals

*can cause hypersensitivity, periph neurop

Term
Suramin
Definition

Anti-trypanosoma

Tx for African Sleeping sickness 1st stage (hemolymphatic)

 

Term
Pentamidine
Definition

Anti-trypanosoma

Tx for African Sleeping sickness 1st stage (hemolymphatic)

Term
Melarsoprol
Definition

Anti-trypanosoma

"Arsenic in antifreeze"

Chronic stage of Trypanosoma Brucei

*kills 10% of patients

Term
Ivermectin
Definition

Anti-Helminthic (antiparasite)

Tx: Nematode, Onchoceriasis (river blindness)

-Kills larvae, not effective against adult worms. induces paralysis via glutamate Cl- channels

*contra when host BBB is impaired

One dose a year

Term
Mebendazole
Definition

Tx: Nematodes/Roundworms

inhibits microtuble polymerization (binds worm tighter)

-absorbed poorly (good for gut)

Term
Pyrantel Pamoate
Definition

Tx: Nematodes esp. Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm (alt to MBZ)

-Depolarizing NM blockers in worms (spastic paralysis)

 

Term
Praziquantel
Definition

Tx for flatworms and cestodes (schistosomes and tapeworms)

-spastic paralysis and tegument damage (exposes worm to immune system)

*dont use with ocular cysticercosis cuz host response to dead worm will damage eye

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