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Anti-hypertensive Drugs
Pharmacology of hypertensive drugs
18
Pharmacology
Graduate
11/13/2010

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Cards

Term
Thiazide Diuretics: MOA (early)
Definition
early in therapy:
-decreased cardiac output
-unchanged or increased peripheral resit
Term
Thiazide diuretics: MOA (late)
Definition
6-8 weeks into therapy:
-CO returns to normal
-continued salt depletion leads to
reduction of peripheral resistance
Term
Beta Blockers: Three types and examples
Definition
Non-selective
-Propanolol

Selective (beta 1)
-metoprolol, atenolol

Mixed (alpha 1 and Beta 1+2)
-labetalol
Term
Propanolol: MOA
Definition
-Decreases cardiac output

-reduces plasma renin levels

-time dependent effects
*first two lowered in hours, BP days*

-Initially increased peripheral resist
-Chronic use resistance falls back toward pretreatment levels
Term
Alpha-andrenergic blockers: MOA
Definition
- inhib action of catecholamines on arteriolar and venous tone

-due to action on arterioles, peripheral resistance is reduced
Term
Alpha-andrenergic blockers: AE and Inter
Definition
-potural hypotension, dizziness, palpitaions
-sedation, fatigue
-retention of sodium

-More effective with beta blocker and diuretic
Term
Antag of NE release
Definition
-Reserpine and guanethidine
Term
MOA for Resperpine
Definition
Depletes all adrenergic nerves of catecholamines
Term
MOA of guanethidine
Definition
works exclusively on periphery
-chronic uses causes NE depletion in periphery

-for BOTH drugs CO and PR are reduced
Term
AE of Reserpine
Definition
-Depression, sedation at high doses

-little postural hypotension
Term
AE of Guanethidine
Definition
-postural hypotension is common
**why drug is only used for severe case of hypertension**

-No CNS effects
Term
Central alpha agonists: MOA
Definition
-decrease sympathetic outflow from vasomotor areas of the brain

-"sensitizes" the baroreceptor reflex
**PR and CO are reduced**
Term
AE of central alpha agonists
Definition
-most common
*sedation and mental depression*

-Clonidine
*Xerostomia (dry mouth)

***NO SUDDEN WITHDRAWL, rebound hypertension***
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers: MOA
Definition
-blockade of v-gated Ca channels in smooth muscle

-reduced peripheral resistance

-CO is variable
Term
CCB: AE
Definition
most common:
-dizziness, HA, hypotension, edema

Most serious:
-manife of cariodepression, bradychardia, heart block, HF
Term
Hydralazine, minoxidil, and diazoxide: MOA
Definition
relax vascular smooth muscle (arterial/arteriols)
Term
Nitroprusside: MOA
Definition
dilates both arteries and veins

generates NO
Term
Vasodilators: AE
Definition
-can cause reflex increase in SNS tone

-HR and CO are increased

-Decreased renal sodium excretion
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