Details Title: Anthropology Test Two Description: Chapters 4&5 Total Flash Cards: 31 Created: 02/23/2009 15:01:21		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anthropology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Age-class system Definition A system in which individuals of similar age are placed in a named group and moved as a unit through the culturally defined stages of life. Specific rituals mark each change in age status/ Term Bride-service Definition The cultural expectation that a newly married husband will; perform certain tasks for his in-laws Term Bridewealth Definition Good, often livestock, that are transferred from the family of the groom to the family of the bride in order to legitimize the marriage and the children of the couple. Term Genitor Definition The biological father of a child Term Liminial phase Definition An ambiguous phase of ritual transition in which one is at a threshold of two states Term Pater Definition The culturally legitimate, or sociologically, father of a child Term Patrilineage Definition A lineage based on descent through the line of men to a common male ancestor sharing an estate Term Transhumance Definition Seasonal movement of livestock herds to mantain optimum grazing conditions; often involves altitudinal shifts Term Cattle Complex Definition Term Complementary Opposition Definition A situation in which people assume group identity in political opposition to another group at the same level Term Desertification Definition is the degradation of land in ariid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from natural activities influenced by climatic variations Term Pastoralism Definition A braNCH of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock Term Polyandry Definition When a woman married two or more men Term Polygyny Definition A form of marriage in which a man may have more than one wife Term Ritual pollution Definition Term Animistic Thinking Definition The soul concept used by tribal individualism as an intellectual explanation of life, death, and dream experiences (animism) Term Intragroup solidarity Definition Term Mulatto Definition Mixed race (black and white) Term Mestizo Definition Mixed European and indigenous ancestry Term Indio Definition A person of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas Term Sapir-Whorf hypothesis Definition Suggests that ones view of the world is shaped by language, such that the speakers of different languages may live in different perceptual worlds. Term Shamanic state of consciousness Definition An interpretation of the shamanic trance phenomenon that distinguishes it from the altered state of consciousness of schizophrenics. A shaman may enter and leave the SCC at will, remain aware of his surroundings and uses the SCC for socially beneficial purposes Term Social Darwinism Definition A political pilosophy that treats other societies as biologically and culturally inferior and therefore "unfit" for survival Term Cartesian Dualism Definition is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical. Term Natural Selection Definition the process by which individual organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Term Racism Definition the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Term Rite of passage Definition A ritual marking culturally significant changes in an individual's life cycle such as birth, puberty, marriage, old age, and death. Term Ritual Definition a set of repeated actions, often thought to have symbolic value Term Sociolinguistics Definition the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used. Term Sickle-call anemia Definition a life-long blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Term Shaman Definition A part time religious specialist with special skills for dealing with the spirit world; may help his community by healing, divination, and by directing supernatural powers against enemies