Term
|
Definition
| the conveying of meaningful messages from one person, animal, or insect to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of communication that is a systematic set of learned symbols and signs shared among a group passed on from generation to generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a feature of human language that offers the ability to communicate many messages efficiently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of oral communication among nonhuman primates with a set repertoire of meaningful sound generated in response to environmental factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a feature of human language that allows people to talk about events in the past and future |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a sound that makes a difference for meaning in a language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in particular contexts |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a form of communication that uses mainly hand movements to convey messages |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the cross- cultural study of communication through electronic media such as radio, television, film, recorded music, the Internet, and print media, including newspapers, magazines, and popular literature |
|
|
Term
| critical media anthropology |
|
Definition
| an approach with the cross- cultural study of media that examines how power interests shape people's access to media and the contents of its messages |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| social inequality in access to new and emerging information technology, notably access to up-to-date computers, the Internet, and training related to their use |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a theory in linguistic anthropology that says language determines thought |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a theory in linguistic anthropology that says that culture and society and a person's social position determine language |
|
|
Term
| critical discourse analysis |
|
Definition
| the study of relations of power and inequality in language |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a question seeking affirmation, placed at the end of a sentence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of language change using formal methods that compare sifts over time and across space in aspects of language such as phonetics, syntax, and semantics |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| languages descended from a parent language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symbol that conveys meaning through a form or picture resembling that to which it refers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cords of knotted strings used during the Inca empire for keeping accounts and recording events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a contact language that blends elements of at least two languages and that emerges when people with different languages need to communicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a language directly descended from a pigdin but possessing its own native speakers and involving linguistic expansion and elaboration |
|
|
Term
| global language or world language |
|
Definition
| a language spoken widely throughout the world and in diverse cultural contexts, often replacing indigenous languages |
|
|
Term
| language shift or language decay |
|
Definition
| condition of a language in which speakers adopt a new language for most situations, begin to use their native language only in certain contexts, and may be only semi- fluent and have limited vocabulary in their native language |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| condition of a language when it has fewer than 10,000 speakers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| condition of a language in which speakers abandon it in favor of a new language to the extent that the native language loses functions and no longer has competent users |
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Term
|
Definition
| beliefs and behavior related to supernatural beings and forces |
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Term
|
Definition
| the attempt to compel supernatural forces and beings to act in certain ways |
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Term
|
Definition
| the in souls or "doubles" |
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Term
|
Definition
| a narrative with a plot that involves the supernaturals |
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Term
|
Definition
| direct and formalized statements about religious beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a belief system in which the supernatural is conceived of as an impersonal power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a patterned behavior that has to do with the supernatural realm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a ritual that marks a change in status from one life stage to another; also called rite of passage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| round-trip travel to a sacred place or places for purposes of religious devotion or ritual |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a ritual in which normal social roles and order are temporarily (for example Carnival) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a ritual in which something is offered to the supernaturals |
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Term
|
Definition
| male or female full time religious specialist whose position is based mainly on abilities gained through formal training |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term coined in the nineteenth century to refer to a religion that is text- based, has many followers, is regionally widespread, and is concerned with salvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when one or more religions coexist as either complementary to each other or as competitive systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the blending of features of two or more cultures, especially used in discussion of religious change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a socioreligious movement, usually organized by a prophetic leader, that seeks to construct a more satisfying situation by reviving all or parts of a religion that has been threatened by outside forces or by adopting new practices and beliefs |
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Term
|
Definition
| a form of the revitalization movement that emerged in Melanesia and New Zealand following World War II in response to Western and Japanese influences |
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Term
|
Definition
| behavior and beliefs related to art, leisure, and play |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the application of imagination, skill, and style to matter, movement, and sound that goes beyond what is purely practical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| culturally specific definitions of what art is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cross- cultural study of music |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of enactment, related to other forms such as dane, music, parades, competitive games and sports, and verbal art, that seeks to entertain through acting, movement, and sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a new situation formed from elements drawn from multiple and diverse contexts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an institution that collects, preserves, interprets, and displays objects on a regular basis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| returning art or other objects from museums to the people with whom they originated |
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Term
|
Definition
| Japanese word meaning discipline and self- sacrifice for the good of the group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of competition that explicitly seeks to bring about a flow of blood, or even death, of human- human contests, human- animal contests, or animal- animal contestants |
|
|
Term
| material cultural heritage |
|
Definition
| sites, monuments, buildings, and movable objects considered to have outstanding value to humanity. Also called cultural heritage. |
|
|
Term
| intangible cultural heritage |
|
Definition
| UNESCO's view of culture as manifested in oral traditions, languages, performing arts, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices about nature and the universe, and craftmaking. Also called living heritage. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the movement of a person or peoples from one place to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| population movement within country boundaries |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| population movement across country boundaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of population movement in which a person regularly moves between two or more countries and forms a new cultural identity transcending a single geopolitical unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a explanation for rural-to-urban migration that emphasizes people's incentives to move based on a lack of opportunity in rural areas (the 'push') compared to the urban areas (the 'pull') |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an agricultural laborer who is permitted entry to a country to work for a limited time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of money or goods by a migrant to his or her family to his or her country of origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a regular pattern of population movement between two or more places, either within or between countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone who is forced to leave his or her home and community or country |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone who is forced to leave his or her home, community, or country. (internationally displaced persons) |
|
|
Term
| internally displaced person |
|
Definition
| someone who is forced to leave his or her home but who remains in the same country |
|
|
Term
| development- induced displacement |
|
Definition
| forced migration due to development projects such as dam building |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone who moves into a social institution (such as a school or prison), voluntarily or involuntarily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of traditional values associated with rapid social change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| international migrant who has moved since the 1960s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| population movement in which a first wave of migrants comes and then attracts relatives and friends to join them in the destination (characteristic of Dominican migration to the United States) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a view that seeks to limit enlarging a particular group because of perceived resource constraints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| United Nations guaranteed right of a refugee to return to his or her home country to live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| directed change to achieve improved human welfare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lack of tangible and intangible assets that contribute to life and the quality of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discovery of something new |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spread of culture through contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of cultural change in which a minority culture becomes more like the dominant culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of cultural change in which a culture is thoroughly acculturated, or decultured, and is no longer distinguishable as having a separate identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model of change based on belief in the inevitable advance of science and Western secularism and processes including industrial growth, consolidation of the state, bureaucratization, market economy, technological innovation, literacy, and options for social mobility |
|
|
Term
| This country measures Gross Domestic Happiness rather than Gross Domestic Product |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a study conducted to gauge the potential social costs and benefits of particular innovations before change is undertaken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the intangible resources existing in social ties, trust, and cooperation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of activities designed to put development policies into action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the steps of a development project from initial planning to completion: project identification, project design, project appraisal, project implementation, and project evaluation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a characteristic of informed and effective project design in which planners take local culture into account; opposite of one- size- fits- all project design |
|
|
Term
| traditional development anthropology |
|
Definition
| an approach to international development in which the anthropologist accepts the role of helping to make development work better by providing cultural information to planners |
|
|
Term
| critical development anthropology |
|
Definition
| an approach to international development in which the anthropologist takes on a critical- thinking role and asks why and to whose benefit particular development policies and programs are pursued |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the design and implementation of development projects with men as beneficiaries and without regard to their impact on women's social role and status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the imposition of development projects and policies without the free, prior, and informed consent of the affected people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local people's definition of the direction they want to take in life, informed by their knowledge, history, and context |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a business that explores for, removes and processes, and sells minerals, oil, and gas that are found on or beneath the Earth's surface and are nonrenewable |
|
|
Term
| the perspective that says a person's language determines a person's thinking is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a factor leading to the emergence of linguistic anthropology in the u.s. was the |
|
Definition
| interest in recording disappearing languages of the native american cultures |
|
|
Term
| language decay occurs when |
|
Definition
| speakers have a limited vocabulary in their native language and begin using another language in which they also have a limited vocabulary |
|
|
Term
| a universal feature of language is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major languages that are spoken in diverse cultural contexts are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concerning research in linguistic anthropology, the "observer paradox" means |
|
Definition
| how speed loses its naturalness due to the fact of being studied |
|
|
Term
| dialect usage is clearly affected by |
|
Definition
| the speaker's social status (ex the study of new york accents in different retail stores) |
|
|
Term
| in the U.S. and Canada a key marker of gender coding in spoken english is |
|
Definition
| women's greater usage of tag questions |
|
|
Term
| the term "linguistic relativism" refers to |
|
Definition
| the belief that all languages are equally competent and complex |
|
|
Term
| among the apache, silence is |
|
Definition
| used in situations of ambiguous social relationships |
|
|
Term
| code switching refers to a linguistic pattern in which a person |
|
Definition
| shifts from one linguistic code to another depending on the cultural context |
|
|
Term
| the system of human communication based on arbitrary symbols is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| displacement is the feature of human language that allows people to |
|
Definition
| speak of future and past matters |
|
|
Term
| the capacity for human language to generate an infinite number of efficient messages is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sounds in a language that make a meaningful difference in the language are referred to as |
|
Definition
| none of the above (phonemes is the correct answer) |
|
|
Term
| the group of people whose language has the simplest grammar and counting system known so far are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| language endangerment is judged when a language has fewer than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to current anthropological thinking, religion is best defined as |
|
Definition
| beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers |
|
|
Term
| when a person sticks pine in a doll name Fred while saying magical spell aimed at harming a real person name Fred, anthropologists call this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which incoming religions and local religions coexist as separate traditions |
|
|
Term
| according to anthropologists, the religious role of shaman or shamanka |
|
Definition
| involves a direct relationship with the supernaturals |
|
|
Term
| the sense of belonging that develops among pilgrims from diverse backgrounds is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the expression of religious beliefs in indirect statement is referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is practiced in amy contemporary situations of uncertainty |
|
|
Term
| which religion was not founded by, or strongly associated with, an historic male? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of a ritual of inversion is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Handling poisonous snakes as part of worship is found in |
|
Definition
| some Christian sects of the eastern United States |
|
|
Term
| The Islamic Feast of the Sacrifice is an example of a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carnival is associated with which world religion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the shan of thailand believe that their tattoos |
|
Definition
| all of the above (provide protection from animals, strengthen memory and speaking ability, and prevent illness) |
|
|
Term
| an example of a life- cycle ritual is |
|
Definition
| a puberty ceremony (ex Apache) |
|
|
Term
| according to cultural materialism, human sacrifice and cannabalism among the ancient aztecs are best understood |
|
Definition
| as a way the elite maintain power by providing food for the masses |
|
|
Term
| which of the following statement about indigenous african religions is accurate |
|
Definition
| they include myths about a rapture that once occurred between the creator deity and humans |
|
|
Term
| unlike the chinese people, the hui view ________ as impure food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incontrast to art historians, cultural anthropologists studying art focus on |
|
Definition
| all of the above (the meaning of the art to the people of the culture, ethno-esthetics, the role of the artist in society, the process of making art) |
|
|
Term
| the game of cricket in the Trobriand Islands |
|
Definition
| has been banned due to its colonial heritage |
|
|
Term
| urban architecture emerged with which form of political organization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| material cultural heritage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cultural anthropologists' analysis of sports tends to interpret them as |
|
Definition
| microcosms of the larger society in which they take place |
|
|
Term
| kathakali refers to a form of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the above (may very intra-culturally, refers to a culturally accepted set of standards defining what art is, differ widely cross- culturally in what they include, exist in all cultures) |
|
|
Term
| the hawai'ian renaissance refers to |
|
Definition
| revitalization of a traditional dance form in Hawaii |
|
|
Term
| the term for the study of music within a specific culture is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anthropological research on the shikhat performers of Morocco shows that shikhat are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the term for a museum that include specimen from many cultures is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a form of architecture associated with pastoralism is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of change in japanese interior design is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in india, the sport of male wrestling is associated with |
|
Definition
| self control and spiritually guided discipline, like yoga |
|
|
Term
| the anthropology of tourism has mainly been concerned with |
|
Definition
| how wester tourism affect indigenous peoples |
|
|
Term
| the gullah culture in South Carolina is known for all of the following except |
|
Definition
| intricately carved gourds |
|
|
Term
| which of the following statements about the Waanyi women's history project in Northern queensland is not accurate |
|
Definition
| the anthropologist consultant who collects and records narratives has the rights to publish findings when the projected is completed |
|
|
Term
| the gullah of south carolina are descendents of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| safari tours in africa are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one aspect of the argument about the migrations of laborers from haiti to the dominican republic to cut cane is |
|
Definition
| whether or not the migration is undertaken voluntarily |
|
|
Term
| a distinguishing feature of the "new immigration" is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| among the salvadoran immigrants to long island |
|
Definition
| low- wage work that other americans are unwilling to do is mainly the kind of work the salvadorans can get |
|
|
Term
| in los angeles, korean immigrants face the major problem of |
|
Definition
| relationships with other racial and ethnic groups |
|
|
Term
| religion has played an important role in the adaptation to life in the US of which "new immigrant" group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process by which immigrants help bring and settle relatives and friends is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anthropological research shows that refugees have a more difficult time adapting to a new location when they |
|
Definition
| have had to spend a long period in relocation camps |
|
|
Term
| migrants from rural areas to cities often experience which negative health effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in migration studies, the push pull theory refers to |
|
Definition
| the attraction of migration from rural to urban areas |
|
|
Term
| the UN privision for the right of return applies to |
|
Definition
| refugees who wish to return to their homeland |
|
|
Term
| asian women are the fastest growing category of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| development induced displacement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects the migrants' sense of identity and citizenship |
|
|
Term
| in palermo, italy, attitudes of local people to immigrants is best described as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of a migrant group that has faced persecution and discrimination in their home area is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following statements about the new immigrant groups in the united states is not accurate |
|
Definition
| the south asian indian population in the united sates is one to the poorer immigrant groups |
|
|
Term
| in contrast to traditional, long term research in cultural anthropology, development anthropology often uses special research methods such as |
|
Definition
| participatory research methods |
|
|
Term
| as a percentage of the world's population. indigenous people count for roughly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a major multilateral development organization is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when reforestation projects in haiti were failing, an anthropologist was consulted and was able to offer useful advice concerning |
|
Definition
| the problems of sociocultural fit |
|
|
Term
| women's organizations for change |
|
Definition
| have been successful in increasing women's access to credit |
|
|
Term
| the stated purpose of the green revolution was to increase |
|
Definition
| levels of food production |
|
|
Term
| indigenous people's development seeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cultural assessment is major step in what type of development |
|
Definition
| distributional development |
|
|
Term
| a critical perspective on large dam construction in the philippines see this kind of development project as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the method that seeks ti improve people in the target area in planning and evaluating a development project is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the transfer of an idea or practice from one culture to another is referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the approach to anthropology that seeks to make ongoing development projects more culturally suitable and sensitive is |
|
Definition
| traditional developmental anthropology |
|
|
Term
| development anthropologists were first hired to work in which phase of the project cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the euro american notion about how progress comes from the application of science technology is liked to the model of social change called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the case of snowmobiles for the saami revealed |
|
Definition
| the importance of performing a social impact assessment before introducing new technology |
|
|
Term
| which of the following statements about haiti is not accurate |
|
Definition
| the slave revolution in the 1700s was unsuccessful |
|
|
Term
| which of the following statement about the society of muslim women in kazakhstan is accurate |
|
Definition
| smw members have little funding but do have some professional training |
|
|
Term
| the most famous bonobo is |
|
Definition
| Kanzi. he can understand what is said to his and respond using symbols on a printed board |
|
|
Term
| the piraha language consists of |
|
Definition
| three pronouns. no past tense, colors, number, myths, or art |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varied uses of stress and intonation |
|
|
Term
| indigenous australian sign language is used when |
|
Definition
| verbal speech is forbidden or undesirable |
|
|
Term
| how does silence affect an in marrying daughter in law in Siberia |
|
Definition
| due to her low social status, she rarely speaks |
|
|
Term
| the apache use silence when |
|
Definition
| there is ambiguity in the social relationships involved |
|
|
Term
| in asian contexts, direct eye contact is considered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kuwaiti women's head coverings distinguish them as upper class, while head coverings in egypt signify |
|
Definition
| the lower and middle economic classes |
|
|
Term
| this article of clothing signifies status in japan |
|
Definition
| length of sleeves of a kimono |
|
|
Term
| this article of clothing should be worn at horse races in england |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does japanese television portray women |
|
Definition
| housewives in traditional domestic roles (ex selfish women) |
|
|
Term
| the theme of latino marketing is centered around |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unused workshop or part of a house for public use of the computer/internet |
|
|
Term
| for saami this activity provides their economic mainstay |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this element of culture is of central value to the saami |
|
Definition
| language (yoik a traditional song is of particular importance) |
|
|
Term
| the oldest writing system stems from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frequent miscommunication occurs between the akwesasne people and |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| karl marx emphasizes religion's role as an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| christian firewalkers in are in this country |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sigmund freud viewed religion as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for the Saami traditional religious beliefs are tied to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eagle protection, national parks |
|
|
Term
| aboriginal people of australia claim land through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the bemba of norhern zambia are initiated through |
|
Definition
| distinguishing 40 kinds of mushrooms |
|
|
Term
| this country has the largest number of UNESCO world heritage sites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the shan people believe ___ give them power |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most sacred place to jews is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the last supper hold special significance for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the largest religious monument in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this group of people is the largest designated minority group of china |
|
Definition
| the hui (due to being muslim) |
|
|
Term
| the ghost dance represents |
|
Definition
| the revival of american indian religious movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of tipping a male stripper (represents traditional gender roles) |
|
|
Term
| in malaysia musical traditions |
|
Definition
| women's performance role is significant over that of the male |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brazilian creative use of country music |
|
|
Term
| concerning japanese baseball wa means |
|
Definition
| discipline and self sacrifice for the good of the group |
|
|
Term
| the gullah of south carolina |
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Definition
| have become a cultural tourist attraction for the african heritage |
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