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Anthelmintics
Drugs and definitions
24
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
05/13/2012

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Term
Benzimidazoles (1-BZ)
Definition
Anthelmintic class - inhibit microtubule formation, so worm starves
-mostly nematodes > cestodes/trematodes
-GI stages / adults > extra-GI stages / developing stages
e.g. thiabendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, triclabenazole
Term
Thiabendazole
Definition
A benzimidazole anthelmintic - inhibit microtubule formation, so worm starves
-nematodes only
-high water solubility
Term
Oxfendazole
Definition
A benzimidazole anthelmintic - inhibit microtubule formation, so worm starves
-nematodes and cestodes, not trematodes
-low water solubility - admin as prodrug
febantel-->febendazole-->oxfendazole
Term
Febantel
Definition
Prodrug of oxyfendazole (a benzimidazole anthelmintic)
Term
Albendazole
Definition
A benzimidazole anthelmintic - inhibit microtubule formation, so worm starves
-nematodes, cestodes and trematodes
-low water solubility - admin as prodrug
netobimin-->albendazole
Term
Triclabendazole
Definition
benzimidazole anthelmintic - inhibit microtubule formation, so worm starves
-trematodes only (unusual - reverse spectrum)
Term
2-LM anthelimintics
Definition
Imidazothiazoles e.g. levamisole
Tetrahydropyrimidines e.g. morantel, pyrantel
-Anthelmintics - cholinergic stimulants causing flaccid paralysis
-nematodes only
Term
Imidazothiazoles
Definition
Part of 2-LM anthelmintic class:
-cholinergic stimulant causing flaccid paralysis
-nematodes only
e.g. levamisole
Term
Levamisole
Definition
An imidazothiazole of 2-LM anthelmintic class:
-cholinergic stimulant causing flaccid paralysis
-nematodes only, includes lungworm
Term
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Definition
Part of 2-LM anthelmintic class:
-cholinergic stimulant causing flaccid paralysis
-nematodes only
e.g. morantel, pyrantel
Term
Morantel
Definition
A tetrahydropyrimidine of 2-LM anthelmintic class:
-cholinergic stimulant causing flaccid paralysis
-nematodes only
Term
Pyrantel
Definition
A tetrahydropyrimidine of 2-LM anthelmintic class:
-cholinergic stimulant causing flaccid paralysis
-nematodes only (slighlty wider spectrum than other tetrahydropyrimidines)
Term
Avermectins (3-AV)
Definition
Anthelmintic cless - disrupt chloride channels leading to flaccid paralysis (glutamate and GABA-linked Cl channels)
-active against all stages of ~all nematodes
e.g. ivermectin, milbemycins
Term
Ivermectin
Definition
An avermectin anthelmintic - disrupts chloride channels leading to flaccid paralysis (glutamate and GABA-linked Cl channels)
-active against all stages of ~all nematodes
Term
Macrocylic lactone derivatives
Definition
Drugs of the 3-AV anthelimintic class
i.e. avermectins and milbemycins
Term
Milbemycins
Definition
Drugs of the 3-AV anthelimintic class
-disrupt chloride channels leading to flaccid paralysis (glutamate and GABA-linked Cl channels)
-active against all stages of ~all nematodes
e.g. milbemycin, moxidectin
Term
Amino-acetonitrile-derivative (AD-4)
Definition
Anthelmintic class - activates nematode specific AchR subunits - worm paralysis
-nematodes only and not eggs
Term
Piperazine
Definition
Anthelmintic - activates GABA-operated chloride conductance on neuronal and musl. cells - flaccid paralysis (worm may be passed in infective in faeces)
Term
Emodepside
Definition
Anthelmintic -acts on protein involved in release of neurotransmitter in presyn. terminal of NMJ - musc. paralysis
-nematodes, not eggs
Term
Praziquantel
Definition
Anthelmintic against trematodes - disrupts Ca++ homeostasis -incr. IC Ca++ so muscle spasm, vacuolation and incr. perm. of tegument
Term
Substitued phenols
Definition
Anthelmintics active against trematodes (unusual)
-block oxidative phosphorylation so interfere w. E supply
e.g. Nitroxinil, Closantel
Term
Nitroxinil
Definition
Substituted phenol anthelmintics - active against trematodes (unusual)
-block oxidative phosphorylation so interfere w. E supply
Term
Chlorsulin
Definition
A sulphonamide active against some trematodes (normally antibacterial)
Term
Organophosphates
Definition
Banned anthelmintics - acts as anticholinesterases so incr. ACh at NMJ and neuronal synapse and so paralysis
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