Details Title: Anth. 313 GMU Description: Anth 313 GMU Dr. Mantz Total Flash Cards: 19 Created: 09/30/2009 08:40:18		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anthropology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term       Privation Definition Freud's concept of privation is essential In The Future of An Illusion where he writes: "For the sake of a uniform terminology we will describe the fact that an instinct cannot be satisfied as a 'frustration,' the regulation by which this frustration is established as a 'prohibition' and the condition which is produced by the prohibition as a 'privation"'. Later in the same essay, he defines more specifically the drive-wishes that result from privation: incest, the pleasure in and wish to murder, and cannibalism. Term Geisteswissenschaft Definition     Hegal considered sociology, philosophy and theology geisteswissenschaft as oppose Naturwissenschaft which were the natural scuience. Term       Gemeinschaft Definition   Refers to groupings based on a feeling of togetherness natural will (gemeinschaft) exemplified by the family or neighborhood "natural will," leads the actor to see himself as a means to serve the goals of a social grouping. Very often this will is an underlying, subconscious, almost instinctive force, that motivates people to volunteer their time and to serve others. Groupings formed around an essential will are called Gemeinschaft, an organic type of structure. Term       Gesellschaft Definition   Refers to groups that are sustained by an instrumental goal. rational will (gesellschaft) exemplifiedthe city or the state. "rational will." An actor here sees the social group as a means to further his individual goals, and so it is purposive and future-oriented, based on conscious decision-making. Groupings around the latter are called Gesellschaft, and their structure can be understood as based on social contracts Term       Rationalism Definition rationalism is the view that there are some distinctive aspects or faculties of the mind that (1) are distinct from passive aspects of the mind such as sense-perceptions and (2) someway or other constitute a special source (perhaps only a partial source) of knowledge. These distinctive aspects are typically associated or identified with human abilities to engage in mathematics and abstract reasoning, and the knowledge they provide is often seen as of a type that could not have come from other sources.  Term       Classical Empiricism Definition Empiricism is a term in philosophy for a set of philosophical positions that emphasize the role of experience Empiricism. contrasts with rationalist philosophical positions that emphasize the role of innate ideas, or a priori knowledge. John Locke argued that the mind is a tabula rasa (Locke used the words "white paper") on which experiences leave their marks. Such empiricism denies that humans have innate ideas or that anything is knowable without reference to experience. Term       Collective effervescence & Totemism Definition Perceived energy from a group activity example concert, rave, riot. Aborigines Durkheim studied spent most of their life performing menial tasks such as hunting and gathering. These tasks are profane. The rare occasions on which the entire tribe gathers together becomes sacred, and the high energy level associated with these events gets directed onto physical objects or people which then become sacred. god and society are one of the same the god of the clan can be none other than the clan itself, but the clan transfigured and imagined in the physical form of a plant or animal that serves as a totem Term       religion Definition       belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces Term       Rituals   Definition       Rituals are repetitive They are about people conformity they legitimize some entity God, state etc... Example voting, catholic confession etc.... Term         Rite of Passage  Definition a ritual that marks a change in a person's social status.  3 Stages Separation-Take the person from the group Liminality-Put them in a stage where they are not defined Incorporation-Incorporated back into society as something newly defined Term       Communitas Definition Communitas since of togetherness takes community to the next level and allows the whole of the community to share a common experience, usually through a rite of passage Term         Animism Definition the faith in the individual soul or anima (unconscious or true inner self of an individual) of all things, and natural manifestations He believed early humans initially worshipped local deities of nature, in a form of animism. These eventually grew into larger, polytheistic deities, such as gods of the sun and moon. Term         Weber Protestant Ethic Definition Acetic equals self denial protestants beliefs centered around the idea that self denial of worldly possessions and denying pleasures on earth makes you virtuous. Weber believed caused they saved rather than spent they had money to invest. Weber believed acetic values was an explanation of capitalist expansion as opposed to Marx who believed that capitalism was based not people working together but instead people exploiting one another. Term       Weber V. Marx religion Definition   Marx’s emphasis on the illusory phenomena that “mystifies” commodity exchange and how religion obscures fundamental economic relationships, e.g. that religion is an “opiate of the masses    Weber’s theory that Weber had a positive social organizing influence on the development of capitalism     Term       Clifford Geertz definition of religion Definition     (1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by (3) formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic (Geertz 1985: 4). Term     Contribution of Witchcraft, Magic and Oracles Among the Azande Definition       E.E. Evans-Pritchard’s 1937 book, Witchcraft, Magic and Oracles Among the Azande: was the first serious attempt to describe the belief in witchcraft and sorcery as an organizing religious force in society.     Term     sorcery Definition Is the conscious use of magic. A retaliatory strategy against social control Term       Witchcraft Definition     Azande believed that a substance in the body causes malicious acts involuntary desire to harm others.  Term       Magic Definition   a system of supernatural beliefs that involves the manipulation of supernatural forces for the purpose of intervening in a wide range of human activities and natural events Intuitive Sympathetic Magic Doin things to an object to affect a person Contagious Magic Uses sample from subject hair nail clippings pubic hair etc...