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ANT 3120: Chapter 26
Urinary System (ANT)
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/27/2013

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Term
functions of urinary system
Definition
1) eliminates wastes from body
2) regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood
3) regulates blood volume and blood pressure
Term
structures of the urinary system
Definition
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Term
function of kidneys
Definition
helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, pressure, and pH of blood
Term
location of kidneys
Definition
located between T12 and L3
Term
which kidney is lower
Definition
right kidney is lower than the left because of the liver
Term
major structures of the kidneys (gross anatomy)
Definition
hilus, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal calyces, and renal pelvis
Term
renal hilus
Definition
area in which the ureters, nerves, lymphocytes, and blood vessels enter and exit the kidneys
Term
renal cortex
Definition
superficial layer of the kidney
Term
location of renal medulla
Definition
deep to the cortex
Term
renal medulla is formed by
Definition
renal pyramids
Term
each renal pyramid contains a
Definition
renal papilla
Term
function of major and minor calyces
Definition
drain urine into the renal pelvis
Term
renal pelvis
Definition
funnel shaped tube that drains urine into ureter
Term
oxygenated blood is carried to the kidneys via
Definition
renal arteries (branch off abdominal aorta)
Term
deoxygenated blood is carried away from the kidneys via
Definition
renal veins (empty into IVC)
Term
nephrons
Definition
microscopic structures contained in the kidneys
Term
function of nephrons
Definition
maintain homeostasis of blood by
1) getting rid of wastes
2) returning needed materials to blood
Term
each nephron consists of
Definition
1) renal corpuscle
2) renal tubule
Term
renal corpuscle is composed of
Definition
glomerular capsule and glomerulus
Term
glomerular capsule
Definition
enlarged end of a nephron
Term
glomerulus
Definition
network of capillaries
Term
filtrate
Definition
filtered substances in the glomerular capsule
Term
renal tubule is composed of
Definition
proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule
Term
proximal tubule
Definition
portion of the renal tubule that receives filtrate from the glomerular capsule
Term
location of loop of Henle
Definition
center portion of the renal tubule
Term
function of loop of Henle
Definition
receives filtrate from the proximal tubule
Term
loop of Henle consists of
Definition
descending limb and ascending limb
Term
location of distal tubule
Definition
last portion of the renal tubule
Term
function of distal tubule
Definition
receives filtrate from the loop of Henle and drains filtrate into the collecting ducts
Term
papillary ducts
Definition
union of collecting ducts (that drain into minor calyces)
Term
blood vessels associated with the nephrons
Definition
1) afferent and efferent arterioles
2) peritubular capillaries
3) vasa recta
Term
afferent arteriole
Definition
carries blood into glomerulus
Term
efferent arteriole
Definition
carries blood out of the glomerulus
Term
efferent arteriole gives rise to
Definition
peritubular capillaries
Term
peritubular capillaries
Definition
surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Term
peritubular capillaries give rise to
Definition
vasa recta
Term
vasa recta
Definition
surround the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
Term
function of ureters
Definition
transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Term
lining of ureters
Definition
transitional epithelium
Term
function of urinary bladder
Definition
stores urine
Term
lining of urinary bladder
Definition
transitional epithelium
Term
function of urethra
Definition
transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Term
lining of urethra
Definition
stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Term
average capacity of a bladder
Definition
700 to 800 mL
Term
what happens when urine level reaches 200 to 400 mL
Definition
stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder send AP to the brain
Term
AP sent to the brain cause
Definition
1) contraction of detrussor muscle (smooth muscle)
2) relaxation of internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle)
Term
what type of muscle is external urethral sphincter
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
male urethra (description)
Definition
longer than the female urethra (15-20 cm) and transports both urine and semen
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