Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ANSC 103
Animal Handling
42
Science
Undergraduate 2
12/03/2013

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Transportation defined as...
Definition

the loading, moving and unloading of domestic farm animals and poultry

 

3 stages

Grouping (weigh, counted, sorted), Transport, resettlement (up to 72 hours)

Term
Animal density when filling trailers
Definition
  • animals should have enought space to enable them to stand if they fall
  • animals loaded too loosely can be injured if the vehicle makes a sharp turn or sudden stop
  • divider panels in large vehicles are useful in maintaining proper animal density
Term
what is the importance of ventilation in transport trailers?
Definition
  • necessary to prevent buildup of ammonia and exhaust fumes
  • more critical than temperature when transporting in cold weather
  • lifesaving in hot weather
  • minimizes heat stress
Term
its not the heat its...
Definition

the humidity

below 74 with 80% humidity

moderate risk

74-80 with 85% humidity

increasing risk

80-90 with 90% humidity

high risk

Term
big truck and trailer empty weighs 15,000lbs how much animal weight can it hold?
Definition
45,000lbs animals, legal mazimum weight on road is 80,000
Term
Conditions that cause physical and psychological stress transporting animals?
Definition
  • aggressive handling before, during and after transport
  • long transport periods or delays in unloading
  • mixing cattle from different sources before harvesting
  • extreme heat or cold during transport
Term
low stress handling of livestock
Definition

take your time

do not crowd pen/avoid overcrowding

eliminate loud noices

expose animals to people and vehicles prior to working them

keep livestock together

consider chute design

consider the weather

watch driving

drive at night or early morning to avoid heat stress/ plug ventilation holes in cold

Term
what is the transport industry now thought of as?
Definition

relocation process

 

no longer seen as a separate industry but an important part of the overall livestock industry!

Term
factors impacting meat quality
Definition
  1. genetics and nutrition
  2. pre-harvest animal handling
  3. Post mortem carcass handling and chilling
Term
factors affecting beef tenderness
Definition
  1. strong correlation between temperature and beef tenderness
  2. excitable animals have reduced muscle tenderness
  3. some animals cannot accept "novelty" and become excited or freeze in place-they upset the dynamics of the herd and should be removed
Term
birthing is stressful for whom?
Definition

the mother

handler

and neonate

Term
how do you treat expecting mother sows
Definition
  • preg checked, placed in farrowing crate at day 109 to 110           (birth at 114)
Term
how do you treat expecting mother hen
Definition
broody hen separates from flock
Term
how do you treat expecting mother beef cow and ewe?
Definition
preg checked, kept in group with other pregnants
Term
how do you treat expecting mother dairy cows?
Definition
pre checked, kept in group of pregnants, calf from that group or separated by self
Term
What are the signs of birthing?
Definition
  • nervousness
  • vocalization
  • nest behavior
  • stretching
  • sow (milk let down 24 hours prior)
Term
what are to a healthy delivery
Definition
  • at first signs of labor, move cow to well-bedded individual delivery stall {check each hour for any progress should take 2-6 hours, after 4 hours---investigate (as long as it isnt in birthing canal it isnt oxygen deprived)}
  • delivery of water bag {calf is in birth canal ans will arive soon, 20-25 minutes, cow will take short breaks DO NOT BREAK BAG breaks may be longer after bag breaks/check cow presenting correctly--want them up}
  • check tongue for reflex (pinch-pull back) and color (dark/purple during contractions, return to pink quickly if not deliver in 10 mins!)
  • If no stress let animal do the job { (step in---water bag present 2 hours, constant straining for 30 mins (no breaks or progress) stops trying (more than 15-20 mins) }
Term
licking of baby
Definition

allows mother to bond/ baby  to bond

teaches baby who mom is

dries off baby allowing it to stay warm

stimulates blood circulation which encourages baby to stand

Term
Assisted birth-Dystocia
Definition

always increases risk of harm to mother and baby

greatly increases risk of baby death before 120 days of age

cows will produce less milk (meaning they will have to be culled in that same lactation)

Term
birthing do nots!
Definition
  • use sawdust or newspaper as bedding
  • moving females multiple times
  • rupture waterbag
  • use soap and water as lubricant
  • pull (unless female is pushing)
  • pull after last rib is delivered
  • hang neonate upside down or swing it
Term
highest performance cowmen in terms of milk yield for a given level of input are?
Definition
  • considerate
  • patient
  • independent
  • grumpy
  • difficult to deal with

They are confident introverts

Term
production is measured by?
Definition
  • eggs produced over period of time
  • rate and efficiency of gain
  • feed efficiency
  • amount of milk or muscle produced
  • offspring produced/raised
  • high conception rates
Term
walk among your animals regularly
Definition

makes it easier when it is time to load

gives you a chance to observe them

Term
adjusting cows to milking parlor
Definition
  • balance lighting between holding pen and parlor
  • hold open house for cows
  • develop routine for getting cows into parlor and stick with it
  • mind set of cows will reflect the milker
  • cows prefer consistency

 

Term
moving pigs?
Definition
  • follow eachother, move in small groups
  • move in slow steady and clam manner
  • use paddles and sorting panels or plastic bags
  • use proper flooring, lighting and fencing
  • if a worker has a negative work style, it is best he or she minimize contact with the pigs
Term
Delta Olympic
Definition

bull

1.4 million staws sold

in 50+countries

Term
% for females naturally mated
Definition

turkey 0

diary 20-30

swine 20-30

beef 80-85

sheep 99

chickens 100

Term
libido
Definition

sex drive in males

 

highest in seasonal breeders (Rams)

Term
Flehmen response
Definition
allows teh male to determine several factors, including the presence or absence of estrus, the physiological state of the animal, and how long ago the animal passed by
Term
what animal should be considered the most dangerous males?
Definition

bulls because of size and disposition

(especially Jerseys and or dairy bulls)

especially those raised by hand because they lack proper development of social skills and are extremely dangerous (associate raiser as dominant)

beef at first signs of aggression or at 2.5 years of age whichever is first

Term
signs of aggression
Definition

bellowing

pawing of dirt

lowered head

looking directly at you

Term
male behavior
Definition

threat displays

challenges

territorial activities

female seeking

female directing

Term
how to handle bulls
Definition

never along

talk or make noises as approach

keep a few cows with him (between you and him)

carry a cattle paddle or sommething to make yourself look bigger

calm, do not shout

Term
handling young males
Definition
stroke under chin and throat stimulating the way animals groom eachother
Term
if you must aid newborn calves and lambs them...
Definition
  • use finger to clear mucous from nasal passage and mouth
  • gently squeeze windpipe to encourage cough to clear air way
  • stick straw in nostril to encourage sneeze to start breathing
  • use resuscitator to help expand lungs
  • towel dry to remove excessive moisture and fluff hair coat to minimize heat loss
Term
neonates of prey species
Definition

can stand 12-24 hours after birth

must have colostrum before 8 hours

(can come from donor mother, can be frozen, artificial, lambs can have cow colostrum)

Term
clip, dip, strip, sip
Definition
  • clip naval cord
  • dip-naval
  • strip mother's teats see she has milk
  • sip-give baby milk
Term
which neonates have low servival?
Definition
very large and very small ones
Term
observation of newborns and young animals
Definition

check 3-4 times in first day

continue for 5 days then 2-3 times a day

check temp with finger (should be hot)

make stand up-should stretch

hungry lamb will try to nurse

Term
neonate not thriving?
Definition
  • move family to small pen
  • switch/graft onto new better equipt mother
  • cattle/sheep:slime, odor, skin, stnchion grafts
  • hogs, poultry-cross foster
Term
define euthanasia
Definition
a humane death occuring without pain or distress
Term
methods of euthanasia...
Definition

CO2

gunshot

penetrating captive bolt

electrocution

anesthetic overdose

blunt trauma to head or neck

cervical dislocation-poultry

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