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ANS and CNS drugs
muscarinic agonists, AChE Inhibitors, muscarinic antagnoists, adrenergic agonists and adrenergic antagonists, selective adrenergic blockers, nicotinic agonists, and NMJ blockers
44
Pharmacology
Graduate
01/30/2011

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Cards

Term
Bethanecol (Urecholine)
Definition
muscarinic agonist
urinary retention/constipation post op
*COPD, asthma, hyperthyroidism*
Term
Pilocarpine
Definition
muscarinic agonist
open angle glaucoma by contracting ciliary muscles and dry mouth of Sjogren's Syndrome
sweating
Term
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) & Pyridostigmin (Mestinon)
Definition
AChE I
MG (atony of bladder and abd distention)
*use with caution in asthma pts*
Term
Tacrine (Cognex) & Donepezil (Aricept)
Definition
AChE I
mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Tacrine qid with LFT
Aricept once daily
Term
Atropine
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
prevent bradycardia pre anesthesia
urinary retention, constipation and tachycardia
Term
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
COPD and rhinitis
*asthma due to drying out and increased risk of mucous plug*
Term
Tolterodine (Detrol LA)
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
OAB/ urinary incontinence
decreased gland secretion and GI motility, mydriasis, tachy, sedation
Term
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- all alpha and beta
prophylactic allergic reaction and prolong anesthetic
monitor heart rhythm to assess *arrythmias*
Term
NE (Levarterenol or Levophed)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- alpha and beta 1
hypotension
give phentolamine if extravasation causes necrosis and sloughing off of tissue
Term
Dopamine (Intropin)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- beta 1
hypotension, cardiogenic and bacteremic shock
tachycardia, dysrhythmias, and anginal pain
Term
Amphetamine and D- amphetamine
Definition
adrenergic agonist- indirect NE release
ADHD and narcolepsy
Term
Ephedrine (pseudophedrine)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- all alpha and beta
shock, asthma and decongestion
HTN, dysrhythmias, angina, hyperglycemia
Term
Isoprotenenol (Isuprel)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- beta 1 and 2
bronchodilation, increase HR in heart block, pulmonary HTN, cardiac arrest
palpitations, tachycardia, and H/A
Term
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- direct alpha and beta and indirect NE release
ADHD and narcolepsy
decreased appetitie, insomnia, and emotional lability
Term
Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- alpha 1
increase BP post op, mydriatic, nasal decongestant
Term
Scopolamine
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
motion-induced sickness, preanesthetic sedation
more sedative than atropine
Term
Albuterol
Definition
adrenergic agonist- beta 2
asthma, COPD, bronchitis, emphysema
*DM, elderly, hyperthyroidsim, seizure disorders*
Term
Terbutaline (Brethine)
Definition
adrenergic agonist
noncatecholamine
asthma, preterm labor at low dose
tremor and tachycardia
Term
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- beta 2
long lasting and prevention for asthma
down regulation of receptors
Term
Clonidine (Catapres)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- alpha 2
aid diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, HTN
drowsiness, drymouth, rebound HTN if stopped abruptly
Term
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Definition
adrenergic agonist- alpha 2 receptors
HTN in pregnancy- Category B
positive Coombs test, sedation, hepatic dysfunction
Term
Phentolamine (Regitine)
Definition
alpha antagonist- alpha 1 and 2
acute HTN emergency or when sympathomimetic administered extravascularly
orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, abd pain
Term
Prazosin (Minipress),Terazosin (Hytrin), & Doxazosin (Carduara)
Definition
alpha antagonists- alpha 1A and B
HTN (Hytrine & Cardura for BPH)
orthostatic hypotension, syncope
Term
Finasteride (Proscar) & Dutasteride (Avodart)
Definition
androgen hormone inhibitors
block DHT activity to prevent growth of prostate cells
BPH and prevent obstruction of urethra
Pregnancy Category X
Term
Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Cialis), & Tadalafil (Levitra)
Definition
alpha antagonist by inhibiting PDE-5 to allow cGMP smooth muscle relaxation
ED or pulmonary HTN (viagra)
*nitrates or alpha 1 antagonists*
Term
Propanolol (Inderal)
Definition
beta antagonists- nonselective
HTN, supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, migraine H/A prophylaxis
*Diabetics- hypoglycemia*
Term
Timolol (Timoptic Blocadren)
Definition
beta antagonist- nonselective
glaucoma, migraine H/A prophylaxis, HTN
Term
Metoprolol (Lopressor; Toprol XL)
Definition
beta antagonist- beta 1
HTN, angina, acute MI, CHF
preferable for DM and PVD
*do not stop abruptly*
Term
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Definition
beta antagonist- beta 1
HTN, angina, acute MI
*rebound cardiac HTN*
Term
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Definition
beta antagonist- beta 1
intubation induced BP or HR
used in ER
Term
Labetalol (Normodyne; Trandate)
Definition
beta antagonist- nonselective beta 1 and selective alpha 1
HTN emergencies - decrease CO and PVR
orthosstatic hypotension
* overt cardiac failure, > first AV block, asthma, bradycardia*
high first pass effect- cimetidine
Term
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Definition
beta antagonist- nonselective beta 1 and selective alpha 1
HTN, cardiomyopathic ischemia
orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth
*significant hepatic dysfunction and asthma*
high first pass effect
Term
Nicoderm CQ or Nicotrol
Definition
patch absorbed through skin
smoking cessation
*pregancy category D*
Term
Nicorette
Definition
gum to be chewed and absorbed sublingual
smoking cessation
jaw muscle aches, GI distress, hiccough
*pregnancy category X*
Term
Nictrol
Definition
nasal spray or inhaler
smoking cessation
hand-to-mouth ritual
Term
Bupropion (Zyban)
Definition
increase dopamine, serotonin and NE to decrease craving
smoking cessation
insomnia, dry mouth, agitation
Term
Varenicline (Chantix)
Definition
partial agonist binds alpha 4 beta 2 receptors and blocks nicotine w/ mild stimulatory effect
smoking cessation
nausea, increased suicidal ideation, depression, hostility
Term
Tubocurarine
Definition
NMJ blocker- nondepolarizing
anesthetic muscle relaxatant, intubation, ECT, tetanus treatment
*assess for apnea*
Term
Succinylcholine (Anectine)
Definition
NMJ blocker- depolarizing agent
cannot be reversed by increased ACh concentration
intubation, ECT, tetanus treatment
*major burn victims due to hyperkalemia*
Term
Memantine
Definition
NMDA antagonist
Alzheimer's disease
Combo with donepezil for best results
Term
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Definition
synthetic catecholamine with relative selective beta 1 agonist effects
cardiac failure inf HR and PVF elevated
*arrythmias*
Term
Midodrine HCL (ProAmatine)
Definition
prodrug that forms an alpha agonist
treatment of orthostatic hypotension
antivertigo agent
Term
Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
Definition
adrenergic antagonist- alpha 1 and 2
pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's, scleroderma, hyperreflexia
blocks alpha 1 most
Term
Tamsulosin (Flomax), Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) & Silodosin (Rapaflo)
Definition
Adrenergic antagonist -prostatic alpha 1A
relaxes smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate for BPH
first dose effect
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