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Animal Science 489 Review 1
Review for exam 1 2/4/11
58
Biology
Undergraduate 4
02/03/2011

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Term
numbat
Definition
Order Dasyuromorphia; Family Myrmecobiidae; Genus Myocecobius; Species M. fasciatus
Term
Zygomatic arch
Definition
found in tetrapods. located under the eye socket
Term
mammal jaw bones
Definition
dentary and angular bones. old bones became smaller, serve different purposes: tympanic bulla
Term
sweat glands
Definition
only located on exposed skin (no hair)
Term
sebaceous glands
Definition
secrete scent
Term
heterodont
Definition
animal with more than one type of tooth ex canines, molars
Term
cat dental pattern
Definition
3131/3121
Term
monotremes
Definition
have a cloaca and lay eggs. platypus, long beaked echidna, short beaked echidna. not heterodonts!
Term
8 categories of species
Definition
NE Not Evaluated; DD Data Deficient; LC Least Concern; NT Near Threatened; VU Vulnerable; EN endangered; CR Critically endangered; EW Extinct in the Wild; E Extinct
Term
hypsodont
Definition
pre molars and molars open rooted. never stop growing, move toward front of mouth. 1-2 mm a week. examples: rodents, horse, cow, deer
Term
altricial
Definition
newborns that cannot fend for themselves at birth
Term
precocious
Definition
newborns that are able to function at or very soon after birth (ex horses)
Term
"horse" feed and "cow" feed
Definition
even toes: horse feed (hindgut fermenters) odd toes: cow feed (foregut) exception: pig has 4 toes
Term
mammals
Definition
all have mammary glands (may or may not have teats), sebaceous/sweat glands, hair (including whiskers - whale), endotherms, 7 cervical vertebrae
Term
net energy of maintenance
Definition
NEm = BMR + H(Ea)
Term
basal metabolic rate
Definition
amt energy required to maintain life in a fasted animal in the thermoneutral zone
Term
BMR and animal size
Definition
more surface area compared to volume: more heat loss. larger animals are more energy efficient. small animals have higher BMR
Term
diet quality
Definition
relative to animal. "higher quality" diet usually means more digestible and higher energy.
Term
Bergman Rule
Definition
closer to equator = smaller animal
Term
sexual dimorphism
Definition
differences between genders besides sexual organs. ectotherms have very little, endotherms have more. the more similar, the more the male has involvement in offspring
Term
R selection
Definition
selection based on reproduction. mating often result in death, but produces many offspring. Advantage: fast evolution
Term
R selection traits
Definition
high BMR, eat more, high quality diet, small, early weaning, early sex maturity, short gestation, large litter, altricial young, die young.
Term
K selection traits
Definition
eat less, lower quality diet, larger, late maturity, long weaning and gestation, small litters, precocial young (usually)
Term
K selection
Definition
based on competitiveness
Term
commensalism
Definition
one benefits, other unaffected
Term
mutualism
Definition
both benefit
Term
neutralism
Definition
no harm or benefit
Term
competitivism
Definition
compete for same resources
Term
Amensalism/parasitism
Definition
one is harmed, other is benefitted
Term
predatorism
Definition
one kills and eats the other
Term
Domestication: relationship
Definition
could argue for different relationships such as parasite, mutualism etc
Term
domestication
Definition
when humans control the breeding and genetics intentionally
Term
qualities of most domesticated animals
Definition
social interactions, communal, hierarchy
Term
neoteny
Definition
retention of juvenile traits in an adult animal ex dogs: bark, floppy ears, mouth licking
Term
cat species
Definition
sylvestrus: several subspecies
Term
catus
Definition
"sharp witted"
Term
libyca
Definition
african wild cat
Term
subspecies sylvestrus
Definition
european forest cat
Term
felis manul
Definition
not related to domestic cat. different dental pattern, chromosomes
Term
long haired cats
Definition
result from a mutation.
Term
Sekhmet/ bastet
Definition
goddess of fertility and childbirth, related to cats. cats were associated more with feminine
Term
Artemis
Definition
goddess of fertility associated with cats, cattle
Term
why cats were domesticated not long before 1876
Definition
first cat show: purposeful breeding
Term
masseter muscle
Definition
used for grinding food
Term
complete and balanced food
Definition
all dietary essentials present in proper ratios
Term
Deaminase reaction
Definition
NAD+ + H2O + alpha amino acid = NaOH + NH4+ + alpha keto acid
Term
Transaminase Reaction
Definition
alpha amino acid1 + alpha keto acid2 = alpha KA1 + alphaAA2
Term
Amino Acids to know
Definition
Arginine, Methionine, Taurine
Term
Taurine
Definition
found in blood.
Term
Arginine
Definition
drives urea cycle
Term
Cysteine in cats
Definition
mostly converted to felinine
Term
Glycine in cats
Definition
can't be converted to bile acids
Term
tapetum lucidem
Definition
the layer behind the retina that allows night vision
Term
why cats need bile salts
Definition
high fat diet
Term
Magnesium
Definition
causes FLUTD if excess
Term
Calcium/Phosphorus ratio
Definition
1.2:1 (altricial young). <1:1 causes kidney stones
Term
supplies of NAD+
Definition
niacin, biotin
Term
Vitamin A
Definition
cats need pure vitamin a, beta carotene requires an enzyme to digest that cats don't have
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