Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Animal Physiology Final
Metabolism
18
Biology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Metabolism
Definition
The sum total of all energy reactions occuring n an organism
Term
Methods for measuring metabolic rate
Definition
  • Direct
    • Calorimety
  • Indirect
    • Radioisotopes
    • ingestion/excretion
    • gas exchange (O2 consumed)
      • most common
      • only aerobic metabolism
Term

Respirometry

 

 

Closed system

Definition
  • Air does not flow through system
  • O2 use causes fluid in manometer to rise
  • O2 is injected to brng level back to start
Term
Respiratory Quotion
Definition
  • Ratio of CO2 produced/O2 consumed
  • "R" when measured at gas exchange site (lungs)
  • "RQ" when measured at the level of cell
  • can be used as a gross indicator of diet
Term
BMR (basal metabolic rate)
Definition
Metabolic rate of a sexually mature resting thermoneutral, postabsorptive, non-growing individual
Term
SMR (standard metabolic rate)
Definition
Meet reqirement for BMR but for non-thermoregulating animals, thus at a standard temperature
Term
FMR (Field metabolic rate)
Definition
the metabolic rate of an animal in its natural state
Term

Effects of body size on MR

 

 

Isometry

Definition
maintenance of proportions regardless of body size
Term

Effects of body size on MR

 

 

Allometry

Definition
  • systematic changes in proportions with increasing size
  • Different parts of the body grow/change at different rates
  • y=axb (b≠1)
Term
The "mouse to elephant curve"
Definition
  • mass-specific MR
    • O2 uptake/gram
  • Whole-animal MR
    • MR per gram decreases with increasign size
Term
4 main phases of Aerobic Metabolism
Definition
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Kreb/citric acid cycle
  3. electron transport chain
  4. oxidative phase
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
  • splitting of glucose into pyruvic acid
  • ATP yield of 2
  • does not involve O2
Term
Kreb/Citric acid cycle
Definition
  • makes electron carriers NADH and FADH2
  • 1 mole of glucose gives:
    • 6 moles of CO2
    • 8 NADH2 and 2 FADH2
    • 2 GTP=2 ATP
  • no O2 involved yet, but Krebs cycle would stop without it
  • Why? NADH and FADH need to be regenerated
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
  • mitocondrial matrix electron flow, movement of H+
  • passes electrons (H) from NADH2 and FADH2 along to O2
  • O2 is the final electron acceptor
Term
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Definition
  • Complexes I, III, and IV can make ATP
  • uses energy from proton gradient
  • each pair of electrons can lead to 1 ATP in each complex
Term
sources of fatigue in muscles
Definition
  • Lactic acid accumulation
  • acid/base imbalances
  • inadequate supplies of glucose
  • overheating
Term
Sources of ATP varies with exercise duration
Definition
  • Anaerobic: ATP produces at high rates
  • Aerobic: ATP production at low rates
  • Lipids: ATP production at 2/3 rate of sugars
Supporting users have an ad free experience!