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Animal Kingdom
a
73
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/13/2016

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Term
Radiata
Definition
Animals with many planes of symmetry (radial)
Term
Bilateralia
Definition
Animals with one plane of symmetry (bilateral)
Term
Pentameric
Definition
5 planes of symmetry
Term
Ecdysozoa
Definition
Shed their skin, Invertebrates, Ecdysis is the term for shedding
Term
Lophophores
Definition
Have a specific type of tongue
Term
Trochophores
Definition
Type of larvae
Term
Lophotrocozoa
Definition
Lophophores and trochophores
Term
Properties of life
Definition
Order, Reproduction, Growth, negentropy, Responsiveness, Homeostasis, transmission of information. population change through nat selection
Term
How many phyla are there?
Definition
39 (disputed)
Term
Insects comprise
Definition
more than 50% of total species
Term
Binomial system
Definition
Genus species, italics or underlined
Term
Homoplasy
Definition
A shared trait that is developed separately
Term
Being an animal means you must have
Definition
requires oxygen, requires nutrition, possibly fromsymbiotes, being multicellular, cell dspecialization, having layerrs of cells, tissues, growth and symmetry
Term
Being an animal means you tend to have
Definition
cephalisation - growing a head and brain
segmentation (bauplan)
complex guts
body cavities, for flexibility
large size
Term
Issues with size
Definition
Command and control
waste disposal
homeostasis
Ingestion and gaseous exchange
Term
How to amoeba get enough proteins made?
Definition
thousands of nuclei, one to each daughter cell
Term
How do ciliate make enough protein?
Definition
A macronucleas runs the length of the cell
Term
Phylum Porifera?
Definition
Sponges
Term
Phylum Cnidaria?
Definition
Hydra
Term
Tight junctions
Definition
fuses membranes of adjacent cells
Term
Desmosomes
Definition
Anchoring junctions strengthened by filaments
Term
Gap junctions
Definition
communication ports between cells
Term
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Definition
Messenger enzyme
Term
Lorcifera have
Definition
hydrogosomes instead of mitochondria
Term
Parazoa?
Definition
No true tissues
Term
Eumetazoa?
Definition
True tissues
Term
Metazoa?
Definition
Multicellular
Term
Sponges are
Definition
Multicellular, heterotrophic, have some specialised cells
Term
calcerous sponges undergo
Definition
gastrulation
Term
Types of sponges
Definition
Chalky - calcium carbonate
Glassy - silica based
Mixed - both, -demosponges -largest sponges, are like this
Term
Water enters sponges..
Definition
through the ostia, enters the spongocoel, and leaves through the oscula
Term
Asconoid
Definition
simplest sponge body composition
Term
Syconoid
Definition
Sponge wall has folded in on itself
Term
Leuconoid
Definition
flaggelated chambers connected by canals
Term
The choanocyte cell
Definition
Microvilli and a single flagellum
Term
Sponge reproduction
Definition
can reproduce from fragments
can be hermaphrodite
Sperm are released into the water and taken up
Choanocytes may dedifferentiate into reproductive cells
Term
Placazoa
Definition
Phyla with one species in it, smallest genome in animal kingdom
Term
Turritopsis
Definition
Immortal, reverts to polyp stage after becoming sexually mature
Term
Polyp
Definition
Elongate with mouth and tentacles, can form colonies, asexual form of medusa
Term
Medusa
Definition
Flattened, swimming disc, sexual form of polyp
Term
Polyp and medusa are
Definition
hydrozoan
Term
Myxozoans
Definition
Fish parasites, reduced jellyfish
Term
Regime shift?
Definition
Large persistent changes in ecology
Term
Triploblastic animals
Definition
Three cell layers during development
Term
Diploblastic animals?
Definition
Two cell layers during development
Term
Platyhelminthes have no
Definition
body cavities
Term
True coelom?
Definition
Forms from the mesoderm
Term
Annelida?
Definition
Segmented worms
Term
Types of annelids?
Definition
Oligochaeta -earthworms
Polychaeta -marine and diverse
Hirudinae - leeches
Term
LAL
Definition
potent anitbiotic bled from horseshoe crabs
Term
Isopods
Definition
woodlice and pill bugs
Term
Malacostraca
Definition
largest class of crustaceans
Term
Ways of reducing drag in fish?
Definition
Mucus, shape, scales
Term
Sarcopterygii
Definition
lobe finned fish
Term
Amphibia
Definition
Three chambered heart
Term
Urodela
Definition
Salamanders and newts, axial locomotion, well developed tail, paedomorphs
Term
Paedomorphy
Definition
- retention of larval characteristics
Term
Anura
Definition
Tailless, frogs and toads, inflexible bodies, strong hind legs, appendicular locomotion
Term
Apoda
Definition
Blind, legless
Term
Amniotes
Definition
Amniotic egg, embryonic membranes
Term
Amniotic embryo
Definition
Allantois are waste storage
Amnion are shock absorbers
Chorion is for gas exchange
Yolk sac is for transfer of useful materials
Term
Reptiles
Definition
Waterproof scales
Excretory organs eliminate nitrogenous waste and conserve water
Lay shelled eggs
ectotherms
Term
Lepidosaurs
Definition
Snakes and tautaras
Term
Archosaurs
Definition
Crocodiles and pterosaurs
Term
Mammals have
Definition
Mammary glands, keratin hair, differentiated teeth
Term
Therians
Definition
Marsupial, eutherians
Term
Eutherians
Definition
Placenta, long pregnancy period
Term
Cellulose eaten by mammals is digested by
Definition
symbiotic bacteria
Term
Different joint designs
Definition
fibrous -immovable
catilagenous - between joints
synovial - fluid inside capsule, load bearing
Term
Fossorial mammals
Definition
follow their prey into burrows
Term
In birds the inner wing
Definition
has teh secondary feathers and is responsible for lift
Term
In birds the outer wing
Definition
Has the primary feathers and is responsible for thrust
Term
Types of drag (flying)
Definition
Induced drag- from lift
Profile drag - from skin friction
Parasite drag - from skin friction on the body
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