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Animal Bio - Protozoa
Protozoa key facts
22
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/09/2012

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Term
Characteristics of protozoans (4)
Definition
complete organism within one cell
lack a cell wall
at least one motile stage
most ingest their food but some are photosynthetic
Term
How do the following move?
flagellates
ciliates
amebas
Definition
flagellum
cilia
pseudopodia
Term
Sliding microtubule hypothesis
Definition
chemical bond energy in ATP propels the action
The dynein protein arms release ATPase that cleaves the ATP
Release of ATP energy causes filaments to "walk along" an adjacent filament
Term
Lobopodia
Definition
blunt extensions, contain endoplasm and ectoplasm
Term
filopodia
Definition
thin extensions containing only ectoplasm
Term
Axopodia
Definition
long/thin pseudiopodia supported by axial rods or microtubules --> also useful for feeding and can extend and contract (can roll by sticking them out or pulling them in)
Term
Extrusomes
Definition
membrane-bound organelles that function to extrude a wide range of structures from the cell
Term
Autotrophs
Definition
synthesize their own food
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
obtain organic molecules made by others
Term
Phagotrophs
Definition
ingest food particles (holozoic feeder)
Term
Osmotrophs
Definition
ingest soluble food
Term
Explain digestion in phagotrophs
Definition
they use phagocytosis:
A cell membrane invaginates around a food particle, enclosing it as a "phagosome".
Lysosomes fuse with this phagosome and dump enzymes to digest the content.
The digested food is absorbed and the phagosome shrinks
Undigested material is released by exocytosis
Term
Cytosome
Definition
a mouth structure in ciliates and many fflagellates that is the cite of phagocytosis
Term
cytoproct
Definition
the cite of expulsion of wastes in ciliates
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
transport of solutes directly across the cell membrane
Term
How do protozoans typically reproduce
Definition
binary fission, budding or multiple fission
Term
isogametes
Definition
gametes look alike
Term
what type of gametes do most protozoans have?
Definition
ansiogametes
Term
What is a cyst?
Definition
a dormant form
- they shut down metabolism and have a resistant covering
- can occur predictably or due to change in environment

- under favourable conditions the organism will escape from the cyst
Term
Trypanosoma
Definition
A blood parasite that causes African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease
Term
Dinoflagellates
Definition
photoautotrophs that are responsible for red tide
Term
Coccida
Definition
cause toxoplasmosis and malaria
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