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Ancient China Chapter 3
Glencoe World History Chapter 3.3, 3.4
36
History
10th Grade
10/26/2007

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Term
Aristocracy
Definition
upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose poewr is passed on from one generation to another
Term
Mandate of Heaven
Definition
claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe
Term
Dao
Definition
"Way," the key to proper behavior under Confucianism
Term
Filial Piety
Definition
duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family, a concept important in Confucianism
Term
Confucianism
Definition
the system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius toward the end of the Zhou dynasty; it was intended to help restore order to a society that was in a state of confusion
Term
Daoism
Definition
system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi; teaches that the will of Heaven is best followed through inaction so that nature is allowed to take its course
Term
Legalism
Definition
popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty, it proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can only be brought to the correct path by harsh laws
Term
Censorate
Definition
part of Chinese bureaucracy that made sure government officials were doing their jobs
Term

Scholar-Gentry

Definition
in China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for the civil service
Term
Dowry
Definition
gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage by the bride's parents to her husband
Term
What are the two major rivers in China?
Definition
The Huang He (Yellow) River and the Chang Jiang (Yangzte) River
Term
What little known dynasty was founded over four thousand years ago?
Definition
Xia Dynasty
Term
When did the Shang Dynasty take place?

What was the capital of this dynasty?
Definition
1750-1122 BC

Anyang
Term
Oracle Bones
Definition
bones on which priests scratched questions asked by rulers; then, heated rods are struck into the bones, and the cracks formed were interpreted as answers from the gods
Term
Veneration of Ancestors
Definition
"ancestor worship" to gain favor of gods
Term
What was the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history?
Definition
Zhou Dynasty
Term
When did the Zhou Dynasty take place?
Definition
1045-256 BC
Term
Right of Revolution
Definition
if the king failed to rule effectively and according to Dao, he could be overthrown and replaced by a new ruler
Term
Dynastic Cycles
Definition

cycle: new dynasty established power, ruled successfully for many years, and then began to decline, eventually collapsing and a new dynasty takes over, repeating the cycle

Term
When did the "Period of the Warring States" take place, and why?
Definition
403 BC

Zhou rulers declined both intellectually and morally, and the territories began to evolve into powerful states that challenged Zhou rule
Term
By 6th century BC, ____________ was in wide use, changing the way farming had been done in the past.
Definition
irrigation
Term
During the late Zhou period, the population rose as high as _____________ people due to advances in ___________.
Definition
50 million

farming
Term
Pictographs
Definition
picture symbols, usually called characters, that form a picture of the object to be represented
Term
Ideographs
Definition
characters that combine two or more pictographs to represent an idea
Term
Five Constant Relationships
Definition
parent-child
husband-wife
older sibling-younger sibling
older friend-younger friend
ruler-subject
Term
Five Constant Relationships
Definition
parent-child
husband-wife
older sibling-younger sibling
older friend-younger friend
ruler-subject
Term
What are the two key elements of Dao that Confucianism concentrates on?
Definition
Duty and Humanity
Term
Daoists believe that the true way to follow the will of Heaven was...
Definition
not action, but inaction
Term
When did the Qin Dynasty take place?

What was the capital of this dynasty?
Definition
221-206 BC

Xianyang
Term
What was the major foreign threat to the Qin empire?
Definition
nomadic people known as the Xiognu, who had mastered the art of fighting on horseback
Term

What was Emperor Qin Shihuangdi's answer to the Xiognu?

Definition
he strengthened the existing system of walls to keep out enemies, today known as the Great Wall of China
Term
When did the Han Dynasty take place?

Who founded this dynasty?
Definition
202 BC-AD 220

Liu Bang, a man of peasant origin; Han Gaozu "Exalted Emperor of Han"
Term
Civil Service Examination System
Definition

exam helped choose government officials on the basis of merit rather than birth

Term

During the Han Dynaty, much progress was made in ________ manufacturing, _________ mills, and _______ casting.

Definition
textile

water

iron
Term
With the invention of the _________ and ___________ rigging, ships could sail into the wind for the first time.
Definition
rudder and fore-and-aft
Term
What artistic achievement of the Qin period was found in 1974?
Definition
an army made of terra-cotta meant to accompany emperor Qin Shihuangdi on his journey to the next world
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