Term
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Definition
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a specialized connective tissue that contains living cells surrounded by a non-living matrix
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Term
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Definition
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blood cells (red or white) & cell fragments (platelets) that are suspended in the plasma
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Term
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Definition
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A matrix called plasma & formed elements
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Term
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Definition
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composed of water & dissolved substances
-gases: oxygen & CO2
-proteins: hormones, clotting factors, antibodies
-glucose
-ions: Na+, K+, Ca++
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Term
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Definition
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the volume of blood occupied by cells; normal vaule is 45%
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Term
| What are the two types of blood cells? |
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Definition
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Red blood cells
White blood cells
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Term
| What's red blood cells?
-name
-shape
-contains what |
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Definition
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Erythrocytes
-not a true cell b/c nucleus & organelles are lost as cell matures
-shape is a biconcave disc
-very flexible to squeeze through capillaries
-large surface area to volume ratio, efficient for O2 movement in & out of cell
Packed w/ hemoglobin protein which contains an iron molecule that binds O2
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Term
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Definition
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blood has low O2 capacity
-fewer RBCs(hemorrhage, bone marrow destruction)
-abnormal hemoglobin(lack of iron, genetic defect)
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Term
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Definition
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an excess of RBCs
-slight inc. is normal in people living at higher altitudes
-large excess is abnormal(can be life-threatening)(bone marrow cancer) blood thickens & impairs circulation
-blood doping
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Term
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Definition
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the formation of RBCs in red bone marrow(adult sternum, pelvic girdle, femur)
-stimulated by kidney hormone erythropoietin(EPO) via negative feedback
-not stored, made when needed
-requires iron & B vitamins
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Term
| What is the lifespan of RBCs? |
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Definition
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~120 days
-destroyed in spleen
-the iron is recycled
-the hemoglobin degraded to bilirubin(usually metabolized by liver & intestine, excess causes jaundice)
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Term
| What are White blood cells?
-found
-function
-contain |
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Definition
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Leukocytes
-they travel in the bloodstream, and in tissue
-primary function is to fight infection & disease
-formed in red bone marrow
-stored in large #s, so blood levels can rise rapidly
-released in response to immune system signal
-has nucleus, lacks hemoglobin
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Term
| What are the types of leukocytes? |
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Definition
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of
neutrophils? |
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Definition
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-usually the first of the WBCs to arrive at an injury site
-very active phagocytes, specializing in attacking & digesting bacteria
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Eosinophils? |
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Definition
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-generally ignore bacteria & cellular debris
-attracted to foreigh compounds that react w/ circulating antibodies
-#s inc. during allergic reaction or parasitic worm infection
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Basophils? |
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Definition
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-migrate to sites of injury & cross the capillary wall to accumulate w/in the damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids
-releases histamine that enhances local inflammation initiated by mast cells
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Monocytes? |
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Definition
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-release chemicals that attract & stimulate neutrophils, additional monocytes & other phagocytes & lure fibroblasts to the region
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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-attack both foreign cells & abnormal cells of the body & secrete antibodies into the circulation
-act to protect the body & its tissues
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Term
| What is the lifespan of WBCs? |
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Definition
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varies from a day(neutrophils) to decades(lymphocytes)
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Term
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Definition
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cancer of WBCs
-excess WBCs crowd out RBCs in the marrow, producing anemia
-WBCs are abnormal & patient is susceptible to infection
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Term
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Definition
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fragments of cells that are important in the clotting process
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Term
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Definition
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process that stops bleeding
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Term
| What are the processes of hemostasis? |
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Definition
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Smooth muscle contraction
-damaged area constricts to slow bleeding
Platelet plug(phase)
-edge of cut becomes sticky attracting platelets. release chemicals to attract more platelets (+ feedback) to clot cut
Clot formation(Coagulation)
-plasma proteins converted into fibrin that trap RBCs & form clot
-clot remains until vessel wall repaired
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Term
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Definition
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the absence of clotting factor, results in uncontrollable bleeding
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Term
| What does the liver need for clotting? |
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Definition
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Vitamin K is required to synthesize clotting factors
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Term
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Definition
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A blood clot attached to the internal surface of a blood vessel
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Term
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Definition
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A drifting blood clot in circulation
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