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Anatomy
Anatomy
109
Anatomy
Graduate
10/28/2013

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Cards

Term
What is the most commonly injured nerve in a car accident?
Definition
CN I - Olfactory
Term
tastebud is a type of what?
Definition
chemoreceptor
Term
What nerve is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Definition
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
Term
What nerve is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Definition
CN VII - branch of facial nerve - Chorda Tympani
Term
Name the three ossicle bones
Definition
Malleus, Incus, and Stapes
Term
List 4 touch nerves
Definition
Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel's discs, Pacinian corpuscles, and free nerve endings
Term
What is the term for an outer ear infection?
Middle ear infection?
Inner?
Definition
Otitis Externa
Otitis Media
Otitis Interna
Term
List all of the outer ear parts
Definition
Auricle (pinna), Helix, anti helix, tragus, earlobe, auditory canal, tympanic membrane
Term
List all of the middle ear parts
Definition
tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, auditory tube (eustachian tube), oval window
Term
List all of the inner ear parts
Definition
oval window, cochlea, vestibule (saccule & utricle), semicircular canals, vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve = vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Term
Describe how smell enters the brain
Definition
nose>olfactory chemoreceptors>cribiform plate>olfactory bulb>olfactory tract>limbic system in the insula
Term
Which parts of the ear are responsible for Conductive hearing and which parts are responsible for Neural hearing?
Definition
Conductive hearing - outer and middle ear
Neural hearing - inner ear
Term
Semicircular canals are responsible for?
What happens if this part of the inner ear is impaired?
Definition
Balance
Vertigo
Term
Auditory (Eustachian) tube are responsible for?
Definition
Regulation of air pressure
Term
What fluid is found in the anterior cavity?
Posterior cavity?
Definition
Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor
Term
White layer of the eye?
Black layer of the eye?
Definition
Sclera
Choroid layer
Term
What colors do cones consist of?
Definition
red, blue, green
Term
Where is the fovea centralis located?
Definition
On the macula lutea of the retina.
Term
What is another term for the blind spot? Why do you have a blindspot?
Definition
Optic disc. This is where neurons leave the eye.
Term
Where does the Optic Chiasm occur?
Definition
Over the Sella turcica. Sits on the pituitary gland.
Term
What part of the eye does an animal have that helps them see at night?
Definition
Tapedum Lucidum
Term
What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
Definition
Inhibitory and Releasing hormones
Term
The anterior pituitary is also know as the?
List all of its components *hint (FLATPIG)
Definition
Adenohypophysis

Follicle stimulating hormone - effects ovaries and testes
Lutenizing hormone - effects ovaries
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone - adrenal gland
Thyroid stimulating hormone - thyroid gland
Prolactin - milk production during pregnancy
I
Growth hormone - released during sleep
Term
Another name for the posterior pituitary?
List components.
Definition
Neurohypophysis

Oxytocin - Feel good hormone. Milk let down. Uterine contraction during birth
ADH (Antidiurectic hormone) AKA Vasopressin - acts on kidney by preventing urination
Term
Where is the Pineal gland located and what is it for?
Definition
2/3 way back in the brain. Releases Melatonin (regulates sleep and the circadian rhythm)
Term
What does circadian rhythm mean?
Definition
Around the day
Term
What 3 hormones does the Thyroid gland release?
Definition
T3 - Triiodothronine
T4 - Thyroxine or Tetraiodothronine
Calcitonin - decreases blood calcium
Term
Parathyroid?
Definition
Increases blood calcium level
Term
What is Goiter?
Definition
Enlargement of the Thyroid due to iodine deficiency.
Term
What is the Thymus?
Definition
releases thymosin which produces T-cells. The thymus is found in children (center of chest) and helps in their immune system.
Term
Adrenal cortex (3S)
Definition
Salt - mineral corticoid (aldosterone)
Sugar - glucocorticoid - stress hormone
Sex - androgen (testosterone)
Term
Adrenal medulla
Definition
epinephrine - acts in the sympathetic nervous system
Term
2 parts of the Pancreas
Definition
alpha cells - glucagon (raises blood sugar levels) blood glucose increases
beta cells - insulin (pushes glucose into cells) blood glucose decreases
Term
Estrogen is to? Testosterone is to?
Definition
Ovary. Testes.
Term
Alpha cells in the Pancreas affect?
Beta cells affect?
Definition
Glucagon
Insulin
Term
Which touch nerve is the most superficial and why?
Definition
Free nerve endings - pain and temperature
Term
What is smell associated with?
Definition
emotions. Limbic system.
Term
Which two structures in the eye refracts light?
Definition
Cornea & Lens
Term
Where does the right visual field go to?
left visual field?
Definition
Left occipital lobe
Right occipital lobe
Contralateral!
Term
What three structures flow blood back into the Right Atrium?
Is the blood oxygenated?
Definition
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus

No the blood is deoxygenated.
Term
What is the muscle of the heart called?
Definition
Myocardium
Term
What does the Pericardial fluid do?
Definition
Reduces friction for heartbeats
Term
Epicardium is also know as? What does it line? What lines the cavity?
Definition
Visceral pericardium. It lines the Heart. The parietal pericardium lines the cavity.
Term
Semilunar valves?
Definition
Pulmonary and aortic valve
Term
Atrioventricular valves?
Definition
Bicuspid aka mitral valve and the tricuspid.
Term
Which side of the heart is the mitral valve located?
Definition
Left side
Term
What muscle is located in the auricle?
Definition
Pectinate muscle
Term
Where does blood travel after the Pulmonary veins?
Definition
Left Atrium
Term
Where does blood travel after the Pulmonary arteries?
Definition
Lungs
Term
Largest artery?
Definition
Aorta
Term
Longest vein?
Definition
Greater saphenous vein
Term
Ductus arteriosus is also known as the?
Definition
Ligamentum arteriosum
Term
What is the base of the heart called?
Definition
Apex
Term
Name the first 3 arteries coming off of the Aortic Arch from right to left.
Definition
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Term
What is another name for white blood cells?
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
List the 5 types of Leukocytes and their properties?
Definition
Polymorphonucleocytes AKA Neutrophils - neutral (doesn't get stained)
Lymphocytes - makes antibodies (has a big nucleus)
Monocytes - huge! mono disease
Basophils - picks up blue dye
Eosinophils - picks up red dye
Term
List the white blood cells in order from least to most abundant?
Definition
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Polymorphonucleocytes
Term
What is the matrix of blood?
Definition
Plasma
Term
What is another term for kidney?
Definition
Renal
Term
What are the three Pharynx?
Definition
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Term
Stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
Nasal cavity
Term
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with globlet cells
Definition
nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi
Term
Cuboidal epithelium
Definition
alveolar ducts
Term
Simple squamous epithelium
Definition
Alveoli
Term
What are the Gonadotrophic hormones?
Definition
Follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone
Term
What are the four sinuses?
Definition
Frontal, Maxillary, Ethomoidal, and Sphenoid
Term
List the different Bronchi as it stems downwards towards the lungs from the Trachea.
Definition
Main/Principle/Primary Bronchi
Lowbar/Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary/Segmental Bronchus
Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolus
alveolar sac
Term
What does the right lung contain?
Definition
Upper(superior) lobe
Middle lobe
Lower(inferior lobe)
Horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure
Term
What does the left lung contain?
Definition
Upper lobe
Lower lobe
Cardiac impression/notch
Oblique fissure
Term
Pleural cavity
Definition
space in between visceral and parietal cavity
Term
visceral cavity
Definition
lines organ
Term
What is the parietal pleura?
Definition
lines cavity of the heart
Term
What type of cartilage is found around your Adam's apple?
Definition
Thyroid cartilage
Term
Area where trachea ends and the bronchi starts?
Definition
Carina
Term
What is the difference between the right and left lung?
Definition
Right lung has a horizontal fissure AND middle lobe AND the Bronchus is more perpendicular
Left lung has the cardiac notch/impression AND the bronchus is more parallel
Term
What is the functional unit of the lung?
Definition
Alveolus
Term
What occurs in the Capillaries?
Definition
co2 leaves and o2 enters
Term
Abdominals help you?
Definition
expire
Term
Thoracic area helps you ?
Definition
inspire
Term
3 types of tonsils?
Definition
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil aka adnenoids
Term
Where is the Uvula located?
Definition
Between the Palatine tonsils and at the end of the soft palate
Term
Where does the Circle of Wilis sit?
Definition
On the Pituitary gland
Term
List the hormones found in the Neurohypophysis and state what they do
Definition
Oxytocin - feel good hormone, milk let down, uterine contraction
Antidiurectic hormone AKA Vasopressin - prevents urination by decreasing the volume of urine
Term
What decreases blood Calcium levels?
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
What increases the surface area in the stomach?
Definition
Rugae or gastric folds
Term
What type of connective tissue can be found in the stomach?
Definition
Greater and Lesser omentum.
Term
What is the outer layer of the esophagus called? What is it made of?
Definition
Adventicia. It is a connective tissue.
Term
The stomach and the intestines are lined with what?
Definition
simple columnar epithelium
Term
What is the storage organ called?
Definition
Stomach
Term
What increases the surface area in the small intestines?
Definition
plicae circularis
Term
What is the connective tissue found in the small intestines?
Definition
Mesentary
Term
What increases the surface area in the large intestines?
Definition
haustrum or haustra
Term
What is the connective tissue that affilates with the large intestines?
Definition
mesocolon
Term
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for food absorbtion?
Definition
small intestines
Term
What part of the digestive system is responsible for the absortion of water?
Definition
large intestines
Term
What is the incomplete longitiudinal muscle and where is it found?
Definition
taeniae coli and it is found in the large intestines
Term
The internal and external anal sphincter associates with which 3 sacral nerves?
Definition
S2,3,4 keeps feces off the floor!
Term
What is the right colic flexture also called?
Definition
hepatic flexture
Term
What is the left colic flexture also called?
Definition
splenic flexture
Term
What is the functional unit of the liver?
Definition
hephatic lobule
Term
What creates bile and what stores bile?
Definition
The liver creates bile and the gall bladder stores bile.
Term

Peritoneal space - anterior 

Stomach

Liver

Ileocecal valve

Spleen 

small and large intestines 

gall bladder

apendix

greater and lesser omentum

right and left hephatic duct

hephatic portal vein

common bile duct

cystic duct

cecum

jejunum 

pyloric sphintor

 

Definition

Retroperitoneal - posterior 

celiac trunk

adrenal glands

kidney

abdominal aorta

inferior and superior mesenteric artery

pancreas

IVC

Duodenum

main pancreatic duct

renal artery 

sigmoid colon 

Term
What is the largest gland in the body?
Definition
Liver
Term
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Definition
nephron
Term
What kind of epithelium can be found in the bladder?
Definition
transitional epithelium
Term
What muscle can be found in the bladder?
Definition
Smooth muscle - Detruser Muscle
Term
What is the triangle shaped body found in the bladder called?
Definition
Trigone
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