Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy & Physiology - Review for Semester 2 Midterm
Anatomy & Physiology - Review for Semester 2 Midterm
35
Science
9th Grade
01/05/2016

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
List several of the bones that make up the appendicular skeleton.
Definition
humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, those making up the pectoral and pelvic girdles, carpals, tarsals, phalanges
Term
List several of the bones that make up the axial skeleton.
Definition
any in the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
Term
Which bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Definition
illium, ischium, and pubic
Term
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Definition
scapula and clavical
Term
List the functions of bone
Definition
1. support body
2. protect organs
3. movement
4. mineral storage
5. formation of blood cells
Term
Describe spongy bones
Definition
this is found in the ends (epiphysis) of long bones and has many open spaces
Term
Describe compact bones
Definition
this is found in the shaft (or diaphysis) of long bone and has a dense, homogeneous structure
Term
Give examples of long bones
Definition
femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges
Term
Give examples of short bones
Definition
carples, tarsals
Term
Give examples of irregular bones
Definition
vertebrae, mandible, illium, ischium, pelvic
Term
Give examples of flat bones
Definition
ribs, sternum, parietal, frontal, occipital
Term
Describe a long bone
Definition
1. has a medullary canal running down its middle
2. is longer than it is wide
3. has compact bone in its diaphysis and spongy bone in its epiphysis
4. its ends are covered in anticular cartilage
Term
Describe central (Haversian) canals
Definition
These are openings that carry blood vessels and nerves lengthwise through the bone
Term
Describe perforating (Volkman's) canals
Definition
These are openings that carry blood vessels and nerves crosswise through the bone
Term
What are osteons?
Definition
a unit of bone
Term
What are lacunae?
Definition
these are cavities that contain bone cells
Term
What is another name for a mature bone cell?
Definition
osteocyte
Term
What are canaliculi?
Definition
These are tiny canals inside the bone that radiate from the central canal.
Term
What are lamellae?
Definition
Thee are the concentric rings that are found around the central canal
Term
Where does a bone lengthen during growth?
Definition
at the epiphyseal plate
Term
What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line?
Definition
The epiphyseal plate is where growth is still occurring as a child matures, whereas the epiphyseal line is the mark left after the epiphyseal plate has stopped the growth process
Term
What type of cartilage is the embryonic and fetal skeleton mostly composed of?
Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Term
As the person develops from embryo to adult, what replaces the hyaline cartilage?
Definition
bone (osteocytes)
Term
What are osteoblasts?
Definition
These are bone-forming cells (these are changing/maturing)
Term
What are osteoclasts?
Definition
These are bone-destroying cells - used to help remodel and form the correct shape of bone
Term
List the steps in order for the repair of a bone fracture
Definition
1. formation of a hematoma (blood swelling)
2. splint formed of a fibrocartilage callus
3. boney callus replaces the fibrocartilage callus
4. bone remodelled / reshaped
Term
List the types of joints categorized functionally.
Definition
1. synarthoses
2. amphiarthoses
3. diarthoses
Term
List the types of joints categorized structurally.
Definition
1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial
Term
List three types of synovial joints.
Definition
1. plane
2. hinge
3. pivot
Term
Fill in the blank: __________ joints are considered to be synarthoses because the fibers make them immovable.
Definition
Fibrous
Term
Fill in the blank: __________ joints are considered to be amphiarthoses because the cartilage makes them somewhat movable.
Definition
Cartilaginous
Term
Fill in the blank: __________ joints are considered to be diarthoses because the fibers make them relatively freely movable.
Definition
Synovial
Term
What is Bursitis?
Definition
Inflammation of a bursa (fluid filled cushion) caused by a blow or friction
Term
What is Tendonitis?
Definition
Inflammation of tendons
Term
What is Arthritis?
Definition
This can be any of over 100 types of inflammation or degenerative diseases of the joints.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!