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Anatomy & Physiology - Review for Semester 1 Final Exam
Anatomy & Physiology - Review for Semester 1 Final Exam
33
Science
9th Grade
03/25/2016

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Term
What is anatomy?
Definition
The study of structures of living things
Term
What is physiology?
Definition
The study of the function of living things
Term
Describe homeostasis.
Definition
This is the organism's maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment even as the external environment changes.
Term
Describe anatomical position.
Definition
The body is erect (upright), with the feet slightly apart, the palms of the hands facing forward with the thumbs pointing away from the body
Term
List the 4 main types of body tissues.
Definition
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Term
Describe mucous membranes.
Definition
These are epithelial membranes that line body cavities and are usually able to perform functions such as absorption or excretion.
Term
Describe cutaneous membranes.
Definition
These are dry epithelial membranes that are often made up of layers of keratinized cells that make up the outermost protective boundary of the body.
Term
Describe serous membranes.
Definition
This is a smooth membrane consisting of two layers of epithelial cells (as membranes), which secrete fluid between the layers.
Term
List the parts to the Central Nervous System.
Definition
Brain
Spinal Cord
Cranial Nerves
Term
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System?
Definition
This is made of the nerves that run throughout the body such as down the arms and legs.
Term
Describe a neuron.
Definition
A neuron is made up of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus. The dendrites are fibers that receive messages. the axon is a long structure that sens messages on to other neurons.
Term
What is the job of the brain stem?
Definition
This controls and regulates vital body functions, including respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Term
What is the job of the cerebellum?
Definition
This has the role of coordinating and regulating muscular activity.
Term
What is the spinal cord?
Definition
It is a structure that is a column of nerves that extends from the base of the brain all the way to the tailbone.
Term
What is the role of the cerebrum?
Definition
This is the outermost structure of the brain and has the role of processing thought such as those related to language, memory, and voluntary movement.
Term
What are sensory nerves?
Definition
These are nerves which carry messages from the body to the brain. These will indicate sensations of pain, pressure, and temperature.
Term
What are motor neurons?
Definition
These are nerves which carry response messages from the brain to different parts of the body that cause the body to act.
Term
Describe cardiac muscle.
Definition
This is striated (striped) and branched, involuntary muscle that is found in the heart.
Term
Describe Skeletal Muscle.
Definition
This is striated (striped) and voluntary muscle that moves the bones of our body.
Term
Describe Smooth Muscle.
Definition
This is unstriated, involuntary muscle that is found in places such as the digestive tract.
Term
What is the sliding filament theory?
Definition
This describes how myosin slides along actin when a muscle cell contracts.
Term
What chemical substance is released into the synaptic cleft between the nerve and the muscle to transmit the impulse causing the muscle to contract.
Definition
Neurotransmitter (Such as ACh)
Term
What is it called when a muscle is unable to contract?
Definition
Fatigue
Term
What is tetanus?
Definition
This is when the muscle remains in contraction.
Term
What happens when the number of muscle fibers contracting is increased?
Definition
The muscle force also increases
Term
What is meant by muscle origin?
Definition
This is where the muscle is attached to a non-moving bone.
Term
What is meant by muscle insertion?
Definition
This is where the muscle is attached to the moving bone.
Term
What happens when a joint is flexed?
Definition
The angle of the joint becomes smaller
Term
What happens when a joint is extended?
Definition
The angle of the joint becomes greater.
Term
What happens when a joint is extended?
Definition
The angle of the joint becomes greater.
Term
What is meant by the body movement of rotation?
Definition
This is when a body part turns around a point on the body.
Term
What is meant by the body motion of circumduction?
Definition
This is when a body part makes circular motions.
Term
List the ways that are used to name muscles.
Definition
Direction of muscle fibers
Size of the muscle
Location of the muscle
Number of origins of the muscle
Location of the origin of the muscle
Shape of the muscle
Action of the muscle
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