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Anatomy - Head and Neck
Study
105
Anatomy
Graduate
11/28/2014

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Term
how manny bones are in the skull
Definition
22 fused bones together
Term
Calvaria
Definition
domed upper part, covers brain

formed by 3 temporal, 2 Temporal, 2 Parietal, and unpaired Frotal, Sphenoind and Occipital bones
Term
Viscrocranium
Definition
- Fascial skeleton
Nasal, Palatine, Lacrimal, Zygomatic, Maxillae, Inferior Nasal Conchae, and Vomer
Term
Frontal Bone
Definition
Forehead and superior orbit
Supercillacilliary arches and Glabella
Supraorbital foramen
Zygomatic process
Term
Nasion
Definition
paired Nasal bones articulate with each other and the Frontal bone at the Nasion

Laterally, each Nasal bone articulates with Maxilla
Term
Nasion
Definition
paired Nasal bones articulate with each other and the Frontal bone at the Nasion

Laterally, each Nasal bone articulates with Maxilla
Term
Priform aperture
Definition
Nose hole

Visible though Piriform aperture are inferior Nasal Conchae
Term
Maxillae
Definition
Found between orbit and upper teeth
Zygomatic process
Frontla process
Infraorbital Foramen
Alveolar process
Term
Mandible
Definition
Body, angle and rams
Mental protuberance
Mental Foramen
Oblique line
Alveolar part
Term
Lateral structures of the skull
Definition
Coronal suture
lambdoid suture
Greater wing of Sphenoid
Pterion
Term
Pterion
Definition
- weakest part of the skull
- connects temporal, frontal, Sphenoid, Parietal bones
Term
Temporal bone structures
Definition
Spuamous portion
Zygomatic process
Typmpanic portion and External Auditory Meatus
Styloid process
mastoid process
Term
Mandible
Definition
Body
Angle
Ramus
Condylar process
Coronoid process
Term
Occipital Bone
Definition
Squamous portion
Lambdoid suture
Occipitamastoid sutute
Inion
Nuchal lines
Term
Temoral bone posteriorly
Definition
Mastoid process and notch
Term
Skull: Superior
Definition
Coronal sutute
Sagittal suture
Bregma
Lmbda
Term
Sull: Inferior
Anterior part
Definition
Teeth and hard palate
Hard palate = Maxillae and Palatine bones
Incisive fossa
Greater/Lesser palatine Forame
Posterior Nasal Spine
Term
Skull: Inferior
Middle
Definition
Vomer
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
Term
Sphenoid
Definition
Body
Greater wings
Pterygoid processes
Term
Temporal Bone Inferior
Definition
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
Mndibular fossa
Mastoid Process
Stylomastoid foramen (CVII passes to face)
Term
Cranial Cavity roof
Definition
Groove for superior sagital sinus
Grooves for Middle Meningeal Arteries
Granular Fovea
Term
Cranial Cavity floor: Anterior Cranial fossa
Definition
Formed by frontal, Ethnoid and Sphenoid bones
Found above nasal and orbital cavities
Crista galli - Attachement of Dura matter reflection
Foramen Cecum (emissary veins into Superior Sagitall Sinus)
Cribiform plate and foramina
Lesser wings of Sphenoid form the boundary between anterior and middle fossae
Anterior Clinoid Process and Optic canals
Term
Middle Cranial Fossa
Definition
Sella Turcica - Hypophysial fossa - where the pituitary resides
Superior Orbital fissure CN III, IV, VI, V1
Foramen Rotundum CNV2
Foramen Ovale CNV3

Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum and Carotid canal
Term
posterior Cranial Fossa
Definition
Foramen Magnum
Internal auditory meatus
Groove for Sigmoid Sinus
Hypoglossal canal (CNXII)
Term
Meninges
Definition
Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Term
Dural Reflextions
Definition
Falx Cerebri
Tentorium Cerebeli
Diaphragma Sellae
Falx Cerebelli
Term
Arterial Supply to Dura
Definition
Anterior Meningeal
Middle Meningeal
Posteior Meningeal

All come from External Carotid Artery
Term
Innervation of Dura
Definition
Small meningeal branches of V1, V2, V3

Also from parts of Vagus and possibly C1-3
Term
Arachnoid Mater
Definition
Thin, avascular membrane that lines the Dura
Subarachnoid Space
Term
Orbicularis oculi action
Definition
closes the eye
Term
Orbicularis Oris action
Definition
narrows the lips and closes the mouth
Term
Buccinator action
Definition
presses cheek against teeth
Term
Zygomaticus Major & Minor action
Definition
Smile
Term
Occipitofrontalis action
Definition
Wrinkle forehead
Term
Sensory innervation to the face
Definition
V1- ophthalmic
V2- Maxillary
V3- Mandibular
Term
Arteries of Face
Definition
Branches of External Carotid
Term
Veins of Face
Definition
Internal Jugular drains brain

External Jugular drains face and head

Valveless and bidirectional flow
Term
Temporal/Infratemporal Fossae
Definition
location of TMJ and muscles of mastication
Term
Temporomandibular Joint
Definition
Synocial joint formed by the head of Mandible and Mandibular fossa of Temporal bone

Articular disc divides joint into 2 cavities
Term
Lower part the Temporomandibular joint
Definition
Lower part allows hinge-like depression and elevation of Mandible
Term
Upper part of the Temporomandibular joint
Definition
allows forward and backward translation
Term
Temporomandibular Joint capsule and ligament
Definition
Enclosed within synovial membrane surrounded by fibrous joint capsule

3 ligaments provide additional support
- lateral
- Sphenomandibular
- Stylomandibular
Term
Masseter O
Definition
Zygomatic arch
Term
Masseter I
Definition
Lateral rams of Mandible
Term
Masseter N
Definition
V3
Term
Masseter A
Definition
Elevates Mandible
Term
Temporalis O
Definition
Temporal fossa
Term
Temporalis I
Definition
Coronoid process of Mandible
Term
Temporalis N
Definition
V3
Term
Temporalis A
Definition
Elevates/retracts Mandible
Term
Medial Pterygoid O
Definition
Lateral plate of Pterygoid process & maxilla
Term
Medial Pterygoid I
Definition
Medial surface of angle of Mandible
Term
Medial Pterygoid N
Definition
V3
Term
Medial Pterygoid A
Definition
Elevates/lateral movements of Mandible
Term
Lateral Pterygoid O
Definition
Lateral plate of Pterygoid process & Maxilla
Term
Lateral Pterygoid I
Definition
Capsule of TMJ and next of Mandible
Term
Lateral Pterygoid N
Definition
V3
Term
Lateral Pterygoid A
Definition
Protrusion/lateral movements of Mandible
Term
Anterior Triangle of neck bounded by
Definition
SCM laterally
mandible superioly and midline medially
Term
Contents of Anterior triangle
Definition
Submandibular
Submental
Muscular
Carotid
Term
Suprahyoid Muscles
Definition
4 pairs of muscles, all attaching to Hyoid (elevation) - assist in swallowing.

- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
Term
Infrahyoid Muscles
Definition
4 pairs of muscles, all attaching to Hyoid (depression) - assist in swallowing

- Sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- Thyrohyoid
- Sternothyroid
Term
Vessels of Anterior triangle
Definition
- Common Carotid Artery and branches (Internal and External Carotid)

- Internal Jugular Vein and tributaries
Term
Common Carotid artery originates from
Definition
- Right originates from Brachiocephalic trunk
- left is direct branch from Aorta
Term
Common carotid ascendtion and divisions
Definition
Both ascend into the neck lateral to Trachea and Esophagus

Divides into Internal and External Carotid
Term
Thyroid and parathyroid
Definition
Two lateral lobes joined in the midline by isthmus

located anterior to Trachea

Parathyroids located posterior surface
Term
Posterior triangle boundaries
Definition
anteriorly by SCM
inferiorly by Clavicle
posteriorly by Trapezeus
Term
posterior triangle contents
Definition
External Jugular and Subclavian are found coursing through it
Deep is found the Brachial Plexus
Term
Posterior Scalene O
Definition
Transverse process of C4-6
Term
Posterior Scalene I
Definition
Rib 2
Term
Posterior Scalene N
Definition
Anterior rami of C5-7
Term
Posterior Scalene A
Definition
Elevates rib 2
Term
Middle Scalene O
Definition
Transverse processes of C2-7
Term
Middle Scalene I
Definition
Rib 1
Term
Middle Scalene n
Definition
Anterior rami of C3-7
Term
Middle Scalene A
Definition
Elevates rib 1
Term
Anterior Scalene O
Definition
Transverse process of C3-6
Term
Anterior Scalene I
Definition
Rib 1
Term
Anterior Scalene N
Definition
Anterior rami of C4-7
Term
Anterior Scalene A
Definition
Elevates rib 1
Term
Prevertebral Muscles (Deep neck flexors
Definition
Rectus captus Anterior
REctus capitus lateralis
Longus Colli
Longus capitus
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior: O
Definition
Anterior surface of atlas
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior I
Definition
Basilar surface of Occipital bone
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior N
Definition
Anterior C1-2
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior A
Definition
Flexes head at AO joint
Term
Rectus Capitus Lateralis O
Definition
Transverse process of Atlas
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior I
Definition
Inferior surface of Occipital bone
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior n
Definition
Anterior rami C1-2
Term
Rectus Capitus Anterior A
Definition
Flexes head laterally to same side
Term
Longus Colli O
Definition
Bodies and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Term
Longus Colli I
Definition
Transverse processes and bodies of cervical vertebrae
Term
Longus Colli N
Definition
Anterior rami C2-6
Term
Longus Colli A
Definition
Flexes head laterally
Term
Longus Capitus O
Definition
Transverse process of Atlas
Term
Longus Capitus I
Definition
Inferior surface of Occipital bone
Term
Longus Capitus N
Definition
Anterior rami C1-2
Term
Longus Capitus A
Definition
Flexes head laterally
Term
Bounder of the root of the neck
Definition
Anterior - Manubrium and Clavicle
Posterior - T1, superior Scapula
Lateral - Rib 1
Term
Subclavian Arteries
Definition
Right - branch of Brachiocephalic trunk arches and passes posterior to Anterior Scalene

After passing Rib1, it changes its name to Axillary

Left - direct branch of Aorta
Term
Branches of Subclavian artery
Definition
- Vertebral Artery
- Thyrocervical
- Internal thoracic
- Costocervical
Term
Vertebral Artery
Definition
First branch - ascends to enter Transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

Enter foramen magnum to supply brain
Term
Thyrocevical trunk
Definition
- 2nd branch where it immediately divides into 3 branches:

Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular
Term
Internal thoracic
Definition
3rd branch - descends to enter thoracic cavity, anterior to thoracic viscera
Term
Costocervical
Definition
Final branch - ascends over thoracic viscera and divides:

Deep Cervical, Supreme intercostal
Term
Deep Nerves of the Neck
Definition
Phrenic - anterior surface of Anterior Scalene

Vagus - Descends within Carotid sheath posterior to Common Carotid and Internal Jugular
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