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Anatomy - Extremities
N/A
77
Anatomy
Graduate
03/30/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The suprascapular nerve passes through the ___ of the scapula
Definition
suprascapular notch
Term
The scapula rarely breaks, but if it does, it breaks at the ___, or the tip of the scapula.
Definition
acromion
Term
Humeral fractures typically occur at the ____, which will injure the __ nerve and atrophy the __ muscle.

Evulsion fractures typically occur at the ___, which is dangerous because so many muscles attach here.

__ factures typically occur in the humeral shaft. This is dangerous bc it could injure the __ nerve or ___ artery.
Definition

surgical neck. axillary nerve. deltoid muscle

 

greater tuberosity

 

spiral - radial nerve, brachial artery

 

 

Term
The ___ nerve passes through the surgical neck.

The ___ nerve passes through the radial groove.

The ___ nerve passes through the distal end of the humerus.

The ___ nerve passes through the medial epicondyle.
Definition

axillary nerve

radial nerve

median nerve

ulnar nerve

Term
The head of the ___ is at the elbow, the head of the ___ is at the wrist
Definition
radius, ulna
Term
The ulna and radius are joined by the ____.
Definition
interosseous membrane
Term
Radial and ulnar fractures typically occur in what two age groups?

A ___ fx is a complete transverse fx of the distal 2cm of the radius that occurs when falling on an outstretched hand. This often results in a ____ deformity

____ fx is typically called a "fractured elbow"
Definition

elderly and kids

 

Colles fx - dinner fork deformity

 

olecranon

Term
Bones of the wrist
Definition

Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Term
The ____ forms the unlar canal for the ulnar nerve. What happens if this bone is broken?
Definition

hook of hamate

 

pressure on ulnar nerve - trouble gripping hand

Term
The ___ is formed of five metacarpals. They are numbered 1-5 starting on the thumb side. Each has 3 parts: __, ___, ___
Definition

metacarpus

 

base, shaft, head

Term
The ___ is the most frequently fractured carpal and it hels poorly due to poor blood supply.

The ___ is the most frequently dislocated carpal.
Definition

scaphoid

 

lunate

Term
6 scapulohumeral muscles of the intrinsic shoulder
Definition

deltoid, supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis

 

These muscles attach to the scapula and the humerus

Term
Deltoid:

Innervation?
Actions?
Definition

innervaiton: axillary nerve

 

action:

Anterior part: flex and medially rotate humerus

Middle: abduct humerus

Posterior: extend and laterally rotate humerus

 

Used for intramuscular injection

Defines shoulder shape

Term
The ___ is responsible for the first 15 deg of abduction of the humerus.

The ___ is responsible for the rest of abduction.
Definition

supraspinatous

 

deltoid

Term
Supraspinatus:

Innervation?
Artery?
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
Definition

Innervation; suprascapular nerve

Artery: suprascapular (or transverse scapular artery)

Origin: above spinous process of scapula

Insertion: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: initiates abduction (first 15 deg) of humerus

Term
Infraspinatus:

Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
Innervation?
Artery?
Definition

Origin: below spinous process of scapula

Insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: laterally rotates humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nere

Artery: suprascapular, scapular circumflex

Term
Compression of the ___ nerve causes shoulder pain and atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. can radiate to neck
Definition
suprascapular
Term
Teres Major:


Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Definition

Origin: Lateral surface of angle of scapuula

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove

Innervation: lower subscapular nerve

Action: medially rotates and adducts humerus

Term
Teres minor:

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Definition

Origin: middle of lateral surface of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humrus

Innervation: axillary nerve

Action: laterally rotates humerus. Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Term
Subscapularis:

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Definition

Origin: subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: subscapular nerve

Action: medially rotate arm

Term
Quadrangular space:

Contents: ___ nerve and ___ artery

boundaries?
Definition

Contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

 

Boundaries:

Above: subscapularis & teres minor

Below: teres major

Medially: long head of triceps

Laterally: lateral head of triceps

Term
Triangular Space:

Contents:

Borders?
Definition

Contents: circumflex scapular arteries

 

Borders:

Superior: teres minor

Inferior: teres major

Laterally: long head of triceps

Term
4 muscles of rotator cuff

Function?

What muscle is most commonly injured?

What activities would injure the rotator cuff?
Definition

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

 

allows for rotation and elevation of arm

provides stability to glenohumeral joint

 

supraspinatus is most easily injured

Baseball pitcher, swimming, tennis

Term
3 muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm

1 extensor compartment muscle of the arm
Definition

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

 

triceps brachii

Term
Biceps Brachii

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Artery
Definition

Short head origin: coracoid process

Long head origin: supraglenoid tubercle

 

Insertion of both: radial tuberosity

 

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5&C6)

 

Artery: muscular branches of brachial artery

 

Actions: supinate forearm from pronated position. Flexes supine forearm. Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Term
The long head of the biceps brachii passes through the ___ of the humerus, where it is covered by a synovial sheath. Repeated movement can cause inflammation of this tnedon, called ____
Definition

bicipital groove

biceps tendonitis

Term
Coracobrachialis:

Origin
Insertion
INnervation
Action
Definition

Origin: coracoid process

insertion: middle third of shaft of humerus

innervation: musculocutaneus nerve

action: flexes and adducts arm, resists dislocation of shoulder

Term
Brachialis:

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Definition

Origin: lower part of shaft of humerus

Insertion: coronoid proces of ulna

innervation: musculocutaneus nerve

action: flexes forearm in all directions

Term
The ___ is the "pure flexor" of the elbow.


The ___ is used as a landmark for the musculocutaneous nerve, because it passes through this muscle
Definition

brachialis

 

coracobrachialis

Term
Triceps Brachii:

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Definition

Short head origin: intraglenoid tubercle

Lateral haed:

Term
The ___ is a potential space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superolateral to the thorax. It is a conduit (cervicoaxillary canal) for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves to access the upper limb.


3 Contents?
Definition

Axilla

 

Axillary nerves and blood vessels

Axillary lymph nodes

Brachial plexus

Term
Boundaries of the Axilla:

Apex: Lies between the __, ___, ___.

Base: Concave skin, subcu tissue, and fascia of the ____.

Anterior wall: ___, ____ and Fascias

Posterior wall: 1 bone and 3 muscles

Medial wall: thoracic wall and 1 muscle

Lateral wall: formed by what bone?
Definition

Apex: 1st rib, clavicle, sup border of scapula

 

Base: axillary fossa

 

Anterior wall: pec major, pec minor, & fasicas

 

Posterior wall: scapula, subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi

 

Medial wall: thoracic wall and serratus anterior

 

Lateral wall: humerus

Term
The ___ ligament prevents "bowstringing" of the flexor tendon during contraction of the forearm.
Definition
palmar carpal
Term
Muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm:

4 superficial

1 intermediate

3 deep

The superficial and intermediate muscles originate from the medial epicondyle via the ____ tendon

The deep muscles originate from the _____
Definition

Superficial: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

 

Intermediate: flexor digitorum superficialis

 

Deep: flexor digitorum profundus, proantor quadratus, flexor pollicis longus

 

Superficial and intermediate: common flexor tendon

 

Deep: forearm bones

Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis:

Origin?

Action?

Tendons pass deep to ____

___ nerve is associate with it along with muscular branches of __ & ___ arteries

Two heads?
Definition

Origin: median epicondyle

Action: flexes middle phalynx, assists in flexing wrist

Tendons pass deep to flexor retinaculum

Median nerve, radial and ulnar arteries

Two heads: humeroulnar and radial

Term
___ is the prime mover for pronation, ___ helps this muscle to pronate.
Definition
pronator quadratus, pronator teres
Term
All flexor forearm muscles are supplied by the __ nerve except for flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by the ___ nerve.
Definition
median, ulnar
Term
Muscles of the superficial extensor compartment of the forearm
(6)

Where do they all originate?
Definition

brachioradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

 

lateral supraconylar ridge of humerus

Term
The ___ is exceptional because it is in the extensor compartment but flexes the elbow joint

Extensor carpi radialis longus may be fused with this muscle
Definition
brachioradialis
Term
If your median nerve is severed (all flexor compartment muscles are paralyzed), will you still be able to flex your elbow?
Definition
Yes: brachioradialis will still work
Term
Deep layer forearm extensor muscles

Where do they originate
Definition

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor indicis

Supinator

 

all originate from radius and ulna

Term
Deep layer forearm extensor muscles:

3 act on thumb & their tendons form the anatomical snuff box

1 acts on index finger

1 forms floor of cubital fossa

Where can you feel the radial pulse?
Definition

Thumb/snuff box: abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

extensor pollicis longus

 

Index finger: extensor indicis

 

Cubital fossa: supinator

 

Can feel pulse in anatomical snuff box

Term
Cubital fossa contents:

3 arteries and accompanying veins

covered by ___ tendon

__ nerve

___ vein, which passes superficial to bicipital aponeurosis
Definition

brachial, radial, ulnar artery & vein

 

Biceps brachii tendon

 

median nerve

 

median cubital vein

Term
___ is caused by a partial tearing or degeneration of the origin of the superficial extensor muscles from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

It is characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus with pain radiating down the lateral side of the forearm.

It is common in tennis players, violinists, and housewives (due to repetitive extension)
Definition
tennis elbow
Term
2 common sites for synovial cysts in the wrist
Definition

dorsum of wrist (most common)

distal attachment of the ECRB tendon at base of the 3rd metacarpal

Term
The fan-shaped ______ covers the soft tissues and overlies the long flexor tendons.

____: localized thickening and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis. 4th & 5th fingers curl up.

____: inflammation of the tendon and synovial shealth
Definition

palmar aponeurosis

dupuytren's contracture

tenosynovitis

Term
4 thenar muscles
Definition

Abductor pollicis brevis

flexor pollicis brevis

opponens pollicis

adductor pollicis

Term
Hypothenar muscles (3)

What digit do they control
Definition

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digiti minimi

opponens digiti minimi

 

control 5th digit

Term
3 short hand muscles

common innervation

common action

These muscles are not directly attached to bone, but rather to fibrous sheaths around the MP joint called ____.
Definition

lumbricles

palmar interossei - adduct

dorsal interossei - abduct

 

ulnar nerve

 

All flex mp joint and extend IP joint

 

Extensor sheaths

Term
____: a space defined by the carpal arch and covered by the strong, fibrous flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) that attaches the pisiform and hook of hamate to the scaphoid and trapezium

Contents: 3 tendons and 1 nerve
Definition

carpal tunnel

 

Tendons of:
Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

 

Median nerve

Term
Pain ful compression of the median nerve that causes pain of the hand and wrist and numbness and tingling in the fingers
Definition
carpal tunnel syndrome
Term
Anatomical snuff box boudaries:

Mediall/posteriorly: tendon of ____ muscle
Laterally/anteriorl: tendons of ___ & ____

wwhat is found here?
Definition

extensor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

 

radial artery

Term
Arterial supply of the upper limb:

Subclavian --> ___ --> Brachial --> __ & ___ --> superficial plamar arch & deep palmar arch --> __ & ___ --> palmar digital
Definition

axillary

ulnar & radial

Common palmar digital & palmar metacarpal

Term
The ___ artery goes to the medial side of the hand and forms the superficial palmar arch. The ___ artery goes to the lateral side and forms the deep palmar arch after going through the anatomical snuff box.
Definition

ulnar

radial

Term
The Pec Minor divides the axillary artery into 3 parts:

Before pec minor = ____

under pec minor = ____ & ____

After pec minor = _____, _____, & _____
Definition

Before: superior thoracic - supplies subclavius and 1st & 2nd ICS

Under: thoracoacromial- 4 branches: acromial, deltoid, pectoral, clavicular

& lateral thoracic

After: anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular

 

Term
Trauma to the upper limb arteries usually caused by what?
Definition

fracture of first rib

anterior dislocation of humeral head

Term
Largest branch of brachial artery, _____, follows the radial groove with the radial nerve and goes to the posterior compartment.

Terminal branches of brachial artery: ___ & ____
Definition

deep brachial artery (AKA artery of profunda brachii)

radial & ulnar

Term
Blood pressure is taken of the ___ artery
Definition
brachial
Term
3 branches of the ulnar artery:
Definition

Anterior & posterior ulnar recurrent arteries

 

common interosseous artery - forms ant and post interosseous arteries

Term
The radial and ulnar bones are held by the ____ membrane. ___ arteries supply this membrane.
Definition

iterosseus

Interosseous

Term
The ___ arteries divide into digital arteries to supply both sides of the digits.
Definition
common palmar metacarpal
Term
Radial artery branches:

Superficial branch:
Main stem branch:

2 proper ____ arteries
3 ____ arteries
Definition

superficial branch: superficial palmar arch

Main stem: Deep palmar aterial arch

2 proper palmar digital arteries

3 metacarpal arteries

Term
IN the case of shoulder surgery, if the axillary artery is ligated, blood will still be supplied via the ____ artery.


Aneurysm of the axillary artery occurs due to excess shoulder movemnt and could give pressure to the brachial plexus.
Definition
subscapular
Term
If bleeding in the arm occurs, what are 3 points where you could compress arteries to stop the bleeding?
Definition

Compress axillary artery at 1st rib

Compress axillary artery against humerus

Compress brachial artery near the middle of the arm

Term
The ideal sites for venous access are typically in the _____ and the ____ adjacent to the anatomical snuffbox.
Definition

cubital fossa

cephalic vein

Term
Radial side of hand drains into ___ vein, which drains into ___ vein in the deltopectoral triangle.

Ulnar side of hand drains into ___ vein, which drains into the ___ vein at the lower border of the teres major and forms the ___ vein.
Definition

cephalic, axillary

 

basilic, brachial, axillary

Term
Construction of a dialysis fistula for kidney failure:

Radial artery is anastomosed with the ___ vein at the wrist or the brachial artery is anastomosed with this vein at the elbow
Definition
cephalic
Term
Axillary lymph nodes:

____: posteromedial to the axillary vein along the lateral wall of the axilla. receives lymph from the upper limb. Lies near origin of axillary vein.

___: along the medial wall of the axilla, inferior margin of the pec minor, and the lateral thoracic vessels. receives lymph from breast and pectoral region. Lies near lateral thoracic vein.

___: on the posterior axillary wall in association with the subscapular vessels. receives lymph from the scapular region and lies near the subscapular vein.

___: near the base of the axilla, deep to pec minor. receives lymph from pectoral, subscapular, and humeral lymph nodes and is distributed around the 2nd part of the axillary vein.

___: most superior group of nodes in the axilla. receives lymph from all other lymph nodes.

What parts of the body drain through these nodes?
Definition

humeral (lateral) nodes

pectoral (anterior) nodes

Subscapular (anterior) nodes

central nodes

apical nodes

 

lymph from pectoral region and upper limbs

Term
Enlargement and inflammation of the lymph nodes. Appear warm, tender, streaks in skin of limbs. Could occur with breast cancer or when apical nodes get blocked.
Definition
lymphangitis
Term
Brachial plexus:

RYAN: 5 ventral rami
THOMAS: 3 trunks
DRINKS: 2 divisions of each trunk
COLD: 3 cords
BREWS: 5 terminal branches
Definition

Rami: C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

Trunks: superior, middle, inferior

Divisions: Anterior and posterior of each trunk

Cords: Lateral, posteiror, medial

Branches: Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar (My Aunt Raped My Uncle)

Term
Brachial plexus:

Lies between what two muscles?
Anterior divisions supply the ___ muscles and posteiror divisions supply the ___ muscles.

What 6 nerves come off the posterior cord?
Definition

Anterior and middle scalenes

Flexor compartment, extensor compartment

 

Off Posterior Cord: upper subscapular, thoracodorsal, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial pectoral nerve, lower subscapular nerve

 

 

Term
4 nerves off the supraclavicular brachial plexus

7 branches off infraclavicular
Definition

dorsal scapular, long thoracic, suprascapular, subclavius

 

5 terminal branches + medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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