Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ANATOMY EXAM 3
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
85
Anatomy
Graduate
10/19/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
simple cuboidal epithelium over a CT capsule
Definition
cells on surface of ovary
Term
cortex
Definition
ovarian follicles surrounded by CT
Term
CT
Definition
ovary's medulla is made up of..
Term
oocyte
zona pelucida
follicle cells
stroma cells
Definition
components of ovarian follicle
Term
zona pelucida
Definition
translucent zone of glycoprotein that surrounds oocyte
Term
follicle cells
Definition
surround oocyte
Term
stroma cells
Definition
CT cells outside of follicle cells
Term
primordial
primary
secondary
mature (graafian)
Definition
follicle stages
Term
primordial follicles
Definition
only follicles present in ovary from birth until puberty; primary oocyte surrouned by 1 layer of flat follicle cells
Term
ovarian cycle
Definition
at puberty, FSH stimulates the onset of the ovarian cycle; each month about 1-20 follicles begin growing and maturing; only 1 follicle fully matures and ovulates (releases the oocyte)
Term
primary follicle
Definition
primary oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, stroma cells, theca cells
Term
cortical granules
Definition
contain proteases that are released during fertilization
Term
granulosa cells
Definition
1 to several layers of cuboidal cells that have FSH receptors and convert estrogen precursors (androstenedione) into estrogen
Term
theca cells
Definition
stroma cells differentiate into..
Term
theca interna
Definition
secrete estrogen precursers (androstenedione)
Term
theca externa
Definition
flat CT cells
Term
secondary follicle
Definition
secrete liquor folliculi forming fluid-filled spaces which for an antrum
Term
mature (graafian) follicle
Definition
antrum increases in size and pushes oocyte to the side; cumulus oopherous; corona radiata; follicle cells acquire LH receptors in addn to FSH receptors
Term
will not complete division unless fertilization occurs
Definition
after ovulation, the oocyte is still arrested in its second meiotic division and...
Term
follicle atresia
Definition
follicles that don't complete maturation regress and are absorbed
Term
granulose lutein cells
Definition
follicle cells enlarge and become "these" which have both FSH and LH receptors; these cells secrete mainly progesterone but also low levels of estrogen
Term
theca lutein cells
Definition
the theca interna cells become "these" and secrete progesterone and androstenedione
Term
corpus luteum of menstruation
Definition
if fertilization does not occur the corpus luteum lasts 12-14 days then degenerates
Term
corpus albicans
Definition
degenerated corpus luteum; CT cells invade and form this which eventually regresses and disappears
Term
corpus luteum of pregnancy
Definition
if fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum persists throughout pregnancy
Term
cysts
Definition
pathology: luteal (from follicle)
Term
polycystic ovarian disease
Definition
may be due to high androgen secretion resulting in high estrogen synthesis; lack of ovulation, lack of CL, lack of progesterone, no uterine proliferative phase
Term
epithelial tumors
Definition
arise from germinal epithelium, may be benign or malignant
Term
stromal tumors
Definition
arise from follicle, thecal, or CT cells
Term
colon, stomach, or breast cancer
Definition
common sites for metastases
Term
fertilization
Definition
spermatozoa contact the corona radiata
Term
spermatozoa capacitation
Definition
the glycoprotein coat that was added in the epididymis now dissolves
Term
acrosomal rxn
Definition
many spermatozoa release their acrosomal enzymes which break down the corona radiata and zona pelucida. ONLY ONE spermatozoa penetrates the oocyte plasma membrane. the penetrating spermatozoa stimulates oocyte activation
Term
oocyte activation
Definition
prevents polyspermy
Term
oocyte activation
Definition
depolarization of oocyte plasma membrane stimulates release of oocyte cortical granules
Term
cortical rxn
Definition
cortical granule proteases induce conformational changes in the oocyte plasma membrane and zona pelucida and prevent any additional spermatozoa from penetrating
Term
oocytes
Definition
spermatozoa stimulate ____ to complete the second meiotic division
Term
zygote
Definition
male and female chromosome unite to make this..
Term
oviduct
Definition
uterine tube = fallopian tube = ...
Term
infundibulum with fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus, intramural
Definition
regions of uterine tube
Term
ampulla
Definition
most common site of fertilization
Term
mucosa
Definition
simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells
Term
smooth muscle layer and serosa
Definition
muscle type in oviduct
Term
salpingitis and PID; ectopic pregnancy
Definition
pathology of uterine tube
Term
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Definition
layers of uterus
Term
myometrium
Definition
layer of uterus that has smooth muscle and CT and changes during pregnancy
Term
simple columnar epithelium, ciliated cells, and secretory cells
Definition
types of cells that make up the endometrium
Term
uterine glands, blood vessels (spiral, coiled arteries)
Definition
lamina propria contains..
Term
functionalis and basalis
Definition
2 layers of the endometrium
Term
functionalis
Definition
surface layer of endometrium which is shed during menstruation
Term
basalis
Definition
bottom of lamina propria which is retained and provides the stemcells for regeneration of the endometrium after menstruation
Term
proliferative (estrogenic) uterine phase
Definition
coincides with follicle development and estrogen secretion; functionalis is rebuilt: uterine glands proliferate, spiral arteries and CT regenerate
Term
secretory (luteal) uterine phase
Definition
after ovulation, coincides with corpus luteum and progesterone secretion; uterine gland secrete nutrient fluid and become dilated and coiled; spiral arteries reach surface of endometrium
Term
menstrual uterine phase
Definition
corpus luteum regresses causing a drop in progesterone and estrogen; spiral arteries intermittently constrict cutting off blood flow to the functionalis; uterine glands degenerate; tissue ischemia and necrosis, rupture of blood vessels and desquamation of functionalis
Term
endometriosis
Definition
ectopic endometrium in abdominopelvic cavity, most common site is uterine tube
Term
adenomyosis
Definition
ectopic endometrium in myometrium
Term
endometrial carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)
Definition
derived from uterine glands
Term
fibroids
Definition
benign smooth muscle tumors (leiomyomas) progressively become more fibrous
Term
cervix
Definition
barrel-shaped distal end of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina
Term
cervix mucosa
Definition
simple columnar ciliated cells + secretory cells
Term
lamina propria
Definition
cervical glands secrete mucous; cylical changes in mucin secretion
Term
mucosa, lamina propria, smooth muscle layer and adventitia
Definition
internal os components
Term
external os
Definition
jxnal (transition zone); lining epithelium changes from simple columnar to nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Term
cervical extropia
Definition
occurs under influence of hormones during menstrual cycle or pregnancy; metaplasia of simple columnar cells to stratified squamous
Term
jxnal zone
Definition
unstable and susceptible to dysplasia and neoplasia influenced by external factors including infection and smoking
Term
HPV
Definition
high risk serotypes associated with high grade dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma or cervix, vag, and ulna
Term
condyloma acuminatum
Definition
venereal warts
Term
stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)
Definition
type of cells that make up the vagina
Term
mitosis
Definition
estrogen stimulates _____
Term
epithelial cells accumulate glycogen
Definition
what influences the pH of the vagina
Term
labia majora
Definition
outer skin folds of the vagina
Term
labia minora and clitoris
Definition
external genetalia of vagina that is covered with hairless skin
Term
clitoris
Definition
core of erectile tissue, prepuce
Term
vestibule
Definition
space medial to labia minora
Term
greater and lesser vestibular glands
Definition
located in lamina propria of vagina at the vestibule, secrete mucous
Term
mammary gland
Definition
compound tubuloacinar gland; secretory cells secrete proteins, sugars, and lipids; CT septa divide gland into lobes; ducts; myoepithelial cells
Term
mammary secretion during pregnancy
Definition
hormone stimulus causes glandular cells and terminal ducts to proliferate
Term
mammary secretion after delivery
Definition
neurohormonal control of secretion including prolactin and oxytocin
Term
prolactin
Definition
milk secretion
Term
oxytocin
Definition
myoepithelial cell contraction and milk ejection
Term
fibrocystic changes
Definition
cystic dilation of ducts, glandular metaplasia, fibrosis of stroma
Term
ductal hyperplasia
Definition
benign or may lead to cancer
Term
fibroadenoma
Definition
most common benign tumor
Term
ductal adenocarcinoma
Definition
epithelial cells have estrogen receptors and 50-80% of breast tumors have estrogen receptors; BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes encode for tumor suppressors; mutations in genes (familial inheritance) increase risk for breast and ovarian cancer
Supporting users have an ad free experience!