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Anatomy Endocrine
for final
31
Medical
Graduate
12/18/2008

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

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Term

All of the following are true of the adrenal medulla except:

  1. some cells of the adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine
  2. some cells of the adrenal medulla secrete norepinephrine
  3. the adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion
  4. the systemic effect of the adrenal medulla are immediate
  5. there are no exceptions; all of the above are true
Definition
4. the systemic effect of the adrenal medulla are immediate
Term

Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in a

 

  1. depressed immune system
  2. increased sweating
  3. profuse urination
  4. muscule spasms
  5. all of the above
Definition
4. muscule spasms
Term

"Hypothalamic centers regulate nervous and endocrine system activities by:

  1. secreting regulatory hormones to control pituitary gland activities
  2. acting as an endocrine organ, releasing ADH and oxytocin
  3. direct control over endocrine cells
  4. all of the above
  5. none of the above
Definition
4. all of the above
Term

Changes in the composition of extracellular  fluid are called

  1.  endocrine reflexes
  2. hormonal stimuli
  3. neural stimuli
  4. humoral stimuli
  5. none of the above
Definition
4. humoral stimuli
Term

The adenohypophysis can be divided into 3 regions:

  1. pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia
  2.  supraoptic, supra chiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei
  3. neurohypophysis, infundibulum, and adenohypophysis
  4. adenohypophysis hypophyseal portal, and neurohypophysis
  5. none of the above
Definition
1. pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia
Term

Which hormone stimulates egg development and the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells?

  1. thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
  2.  oxytocin OT
  3. luteinizing hormone LH
  4. follicle stimulating hormone FSH
  5. andtiduretic hormone ADH
Definition
4. follicle stimulating hormone FSH
Term

Hormones released into the insterstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because they are brought through the choroid plexus by active transport

  1. a strong countercurrent mechanism maintains a concentration gradient that draws them in
  2. they pass easily through the infundibulum
  3. the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation
  4. none of the above
Definition
4. none of the above
Term

The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is

 

  1. insulin
  2. luteinizing hormone LH
  3. growth hormone GH
  4. thyroid hormone
  5. none of the above 
Definition
3. growth hormone GH
Term

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH causes the release of

  1. growth hormone by the pituitary
  2. steroids by the adrenal cortex
  3. gonadotropins by the testes thyroid hormones by the pitiuitary
  4. hypothalamic releasing hormones
Definition
2. steroids by the adrenal cortex
Term

ADH is manufactured by the:

 

  1. supra chiasmatic neucleus
  2. anterior pituetary
  3. posterior pituitary
  4. supraoptic neucleus
  5. paraventricular nucleus
Definition
4. supraoptic neucleus
Term

Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in  body fluids?

 

  1. parathyroid hormone
  2. calcitonin
  3. thymosin
  4. thyroxin
  5. triiodothyronine
Definition
2. calcitonin
Term

Which of the followind does not apply to C cells?

  1. they lie among the cuboidal follicle cells in the thyroid gland
  2. their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone
  3. these cells do not stain as clearly as do the follicular cells
  4. they are larger than the cells of the follicular epithelium
  5. they produce the hormone calcitonin
Definition
2. their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone
Term

The hypophyseal portal system allows:

  1. the blood brain barrier to include the pituitary gland
  2. wastes from the brain to stimulate the pituitary
  3. regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
  4. blood frome the brain to drain to the internal juglar vein
  5. all of the above
Definition
3. regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
Term

The thyroid gland is located just anterior to the

 

  1. spinal column
  2. esophagus
  3. trachea
  4. larynx
  5. heart
Definition
4. larynx
Term
Which of the following does not apply to the structure of the adrenal cortex?
  1. it consists of 3 different layers
  2. each zone synthesizes different steroid homones
  3. if one zone is damaged the others can take over its functions
  4. it is yellow in color because of the presence of stored lipids
  5. there are no exceptions all of the above are true
Definition
3. if one zone is damaged the others can take over its functions
Term

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the 

  1. isthmus
  2. medulla
  3. thyroid chiasm
  4. infundibulum
  5. cortex
Definition
1. isthmus
Term

Which of the following hormones contain iodine in its structure?

 

  1. erythropoietin
  2. triiodothyronine
  3. thyroxine
  4. antiotensin I
  5. both 2 &3
Definition
5. both 2 & 3 (triiodothyronine & thyroxin)
Term

Myxedema and cretinism can result from the underproduction of:

 

  1. estrogens
  2. insulin
  3. androgens
  4. thyroxine
  5. thymosin
Definition
4. thyroxine
Term

The zona glomerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as

 

  1. a highly branched system
  2. tight clusters of cells
  3. individual cells surrounded by matrix
  4. longitudinal cords
  5. none of the above
Definition
2. tight clusters of cells
Term

Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid?

 

  1. androgens
  2. cortisol
  3. ADH
  4. thyroxine
  5. aldosterone
Definition
5. aldosterone
Term

The ____ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.

 

  1. thyroid
  2. pancreas
  3. adrenal gland
  4. stomach
  5. all of the above
Definition
3. adrenal gland
Term

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor

 

  1. blood glucose levels
  2. calcitonin levels
  3. blood calcium levels
  4. blood phosphate levels
  5. none of the above
Definition
3. blood calcium levels
Term

Which glands stores its hormone extracellularly?

 

  1. kidney
  2. pituitary
  3. thyroid
  4. adrenal cortex
  5. pancreas
Definition
3. thyroid
Term

Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of 

 

  1. overproduction ofparathyroid hormone
  2. insufficient production of estrogen
  3. overproduction of growth hormone
  4. overproduction of mineralocorticoids
  5. insufficient secretion of epinephrine
Definition
3. overproduction of growth hormone
Term

Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans ) contain all of the following cell types except

 

  1. alpha cells
  2. delta cells
  3. gamma cells
  4. beta cells
  5. there are no exceptions all of theaove are found in pancreatic islets
Definition
3. gamma cells
Term

All endocrine structures develop from ___ tissue. 

 

  1. epithelial
  2. neural
  3. muscle
  4. connective
  5. none of the above
Definition
1. epithelial
Term

The two hormones released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are:

 

  1. ADH and oxytocin
  2. estrogen and progesterone
  3. GH and prolactin
  4. thyroid hormone and somatotropin
  5. none of the above
Definition
1. ADH and oxytocin
Term

What organs is (are) nervous in structure but endocrine in function?

 

  1. adrenal medulla 
  2. posterior pituitary
  3. thyroid
  4. anterior pituitary
  5. both a & b
Definition

5. both 1 & 2

adrenal medulla 

posterior pituitary

 

Term

How do the cells of the adrenal medulla differ from other glandular cells?

  1. they form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons
  2. they do not differ from other cells
  3. they are a modified parasympathetic ganglion
  4. theyare chief cells that have migrated from the kidneys
  5. none of the above are differences between adrenal medulla and other glandular cells
Definition
  1. they form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons
Term

Which of the following organs secrete hormones?  

1 pancreas  2 liver
3 brain 4 adrenal cortex
5 adrenal medulla 6 thymus
7 ovary 8 testis
9 thyroid gland 10 pineal gland

 A) 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B) 1 3 5 7 9

C) 6 7 8 9 10

D) 2 4 6 8 10

E)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Definition
E) all of them 1 through 10
Term

The zona reticularis releases very small amounts of:

 

  1. aldosterone
  2. mineralcorticoids
  3. glucocorticoids
  4. androgens
  5. none of the above
Definition
4. androgens
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