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Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
The structures and functions of the urinary system
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/18/2014

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Term
Urinary System
Definition
includes the 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Term
Kidneys
Definition
regulates the chemical composition, volume and pH of blood; filters roughly 1 liter of blood per day
Term
Kidneys
Definition
regulates bp and arteriole vasoconstriction by water reabsorption/ balance controlled by ADH; secreted calcitrol and erythropoietin
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Excretes wastes and foreign substances; produces 1.5 liters of urine a day
Term
Kidneys
Definition
located in the retroperitoneum; consist of a renal cortex, medulla, pyramids, papillae, columns, pelvis, major and minor clyces
Term
Nephron
Definition
the functional unit of the kidneys; 3 functions- control blood concentration by removal of water and solutes, regulate bp and pH, remove toxic wastes from blood
Term
Nephron
Definition
2 major portions- renal corpuscle where blood plasma is filtered and a renal tubule where filtered fluid passes
Term
Tubular Reabsorption
Definition
the returning of most of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes back into the blood
Term
Tubular Reabsorption
Definition
this helps the body retain substances like glucose, water, amino acids and ions
Term
Water Reabsoprtion
Definition
primarily driven by electrolyte transport
Term
Tubular Secretion
Definition
chemicals not needed by the body (electrolytes, ammonia, urea, creatinine and certain drugs) are discharges into the urine
Term
Tubular Secretion
Definition
helps to maintain blood pH by excretion of hydrogen ions and by increasing or decreasing bicarbonate concentration
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
made up of sodium, chloride, calcium and potassium
Term
Sodium
Definition
AKA NA+; the most abundant extracellular ions; plays a pivotal role in fluid and electrolyte balance and the generation and conduction of action potentials
Term
Chloride
Definition
AKA Cl-; negative ions in extracellular fluid
Term
Calcium
Definition
AKA Ca++; positive extracellular ion
Term
Potassium
Definition
AKA K+; most abundant intracellular ions; plays a key role in regulating the pH of body fluids and the resting membrane potential and repolarization phase of the action potential
Term
Dialysis
Definition
the filtration of blood by artificial means
Term
Ureters
Definition
pair of 12 in long tubes that transport urine from the renal pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Term
Ureters
Definition
primary method of transportation is peristalsis
Term
Urinary Bladder
Definition
located posterior to the symphysis pubis in the pelvic cavity; stores urine prior to micturition
Term
Urine
Definition
expelled from the bladder by a process called micturition
Term
Ureters
Definition
located at the base of and drain into the urinary bladder via the ureteral openings
Term
Internal Urethral Sphincter
Definition
located in the area around the opening to the urethra; circular fibers of muscularis
Term
External Urethral Sphincter
Definition
located deep inside the internal urethral sphincter; composed of voluntary skeletal muscle
Term
Urethra
Definition
small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
Term
Urethra
Definition
releases urine from the body; also serves a duct for semen in males
Term
Urine
Definition
the by-product of kidney activity; 1-2 liters excreted each day
Term
Urine Analysis
Definition
AKA UA; the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine reveal a great deal about the physiological state of the body
Term
Urine Analysis
Definition
evaluates the color, turbidity, odor, pH and specific gravity of the urine
Term
Urine
Definition
chemically consists of 95% water and 5% solutes normally; the solutes include urea, creatinine, uric acid, and various ions
Term
Urine
Definition
glucose, blood and large proteins should not be found here, it is abnormal if they are
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