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AMT study questions
Hematology, Immunology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Blood Bank, Urinalysis
776
Medical
Professional
08/17/2015

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Term
Beer's law states that the darker the color produced, the more light absorbed in the specimen; the more light absorbed, the _____.
Definition
Higher the concentration of the analyte.
Term
Carbohydrates are organic compounds of:
Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Term
What is the normality of a solution of sodium hydroxide (molecular weight=40) containing 20 grams in 100mL of solution?
Definition
5.0N
Term
If test results are within +2 standard deviations, the ratio of test results beyond the +2 limit will be 1 out of:
Definition
20
Term
To make a 1:5 dilution of serum sample, dilute:
Definition
1.0mL of serum + 4.0mL of diluent
Term
Osmolality of a solution is determined by measuring:
Definition
Freezing point depression
Term
Most methods for the determination of blood creatinine are based on the reaction of creatinine and:
Definition
Alkaline picrate
Term
The ketone bodies include acetoacetic acid, acetone, and:
Definition
3-hydroxy butyric acid
Term
Alkaline phosphatase is greatly elevated in:
Definition
Obstructive jaundice
Term
Blood glucose levels are directly regulated by the hormone:
Definition
Insulin
Term
In Taenia saginata, the larval stage develops in:
Definition
Cattle
Term
A flotation method for concentration of ova and cysts uses:
Definition
Zinc sulfate
Term
The infective stage of the hookworm is the:
Definition
Filariform larva with pointed tail
Term
Most of plasma thyroxine (T4) is:
Definition
Bound to globulin
Term
The end product of purine metabolism is:
Definition
Uric acid
Term
An RBC exhibiting hypochromia would be described as being:
Definition
Markedly pale in central color
Term
As a general rule, when a blood cell matures:
Definition
The cell decreases in size
Term
The type of anemia usually associated with severe burns is:
Definition
Hemolytic
Term
Hansel's stain is appropriate for:
Definition
Nasal secretions for eosinophils
Term
Reticulocytes contain:
Definition
RNA remnants
Term
Clot retraction can be employed as an indicator of:
Definition
Platelet function
Term
Antihuman serum globulin reagent:
Definition
Is produced in laboratory animals
Term
Blood group A individuals have:
Definition
Anti-B in their serum
Term
Optochin is used to help identify:
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
The etiologic agent of chancroid is:
Definition
Haemophilus ducrevi
Term
Fibrinogen determinations are performed on:
Definition
Plasma only
Term
What dye may be used for staining protein bands following electrophoresis?
Definition
Ponceau S
Term
What instrument is used in the clinical laboratory or in reference labs to detect beta and gamma emissions?
Definition
Scintillation counter
Term
Safranin in a gram stain is used as a:
Definition
Secondary stain
Term
Freezing point depression measurements are part of which urine test procedure?
Definition
Osmolality
Term
Dilute normal urine is usually what color?
Definition
Pale yellow
Term
Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the three major biochemical compounds of human metabolism. What is the element that distinguishes proteins from carbohydrate and lipid compounds?
Definition
Nitrogen
Term
What does Benedict's reagent test for in urine?
Definition
Glucose
Term
Albumin, alpha1, alpha2, beta and gamma globulin are electrophoretic fractions of:
Definition
Serum protein
Term
The major cation found in the extra cellular fluid is:
Definition
Sodium
Term
Sodium is responsible for the maintenance of:
Definition
Osmotic pressure of body fluids
Term
When using a buffer with a pH of 8.6, each of the serum proteins in an electrical field migrates toward:
Definition
The positive pole
Term
When six or more consecutive daily values are distributed on one side of the mean but maintain a constant level, it is known as:
Definition
Shift
Term
The degree that a procedure deviates from a known value or from a calculated mean value is known as:
Definition
Standard deviation
Term
Supravital staining of red cells with a deficiency of G-6-PD will demonstrate the presence of:
Definition
Heinz bodies
Term
When using white blood cell pipettes for performing a white cell count, what ratio is blood diluted?
Definition
1:20
Term
The principle involved in some automated blood cell counters is based on the:
Definition
Size of the particle being counted
Term
During the maturation of a blood cell, the nuclear chromatin pattern becomes:
Definition
More dense
Term
An elevated leukocyte count with increased numbers of neutrophilic granulocytes usually indicates:
Definition
Bacterial infection
Term
On most automated cell counters, background counts are made using:
Definition
Diluting fluid
Term
Brilliant cresyl blue or new methylene blue are stains used for counting:
Definition
Reticulocytes
Term
The distance between the ruled surface and cover slip of the hemacytometer is:
Definition
0.1 mm
Term
Enterobius vermicularis is a:
Definition
Pinworm
Term
Leukemia may be suspected when a manual hematocrit determination reveals:
Definition
A heavy buffy coat
Term
Cerebral spinal fluid from patients with post-cerebral hemorrhage appears what color?
Definition
Light yellow or straw colored
Term
On an automated blood cell counter, the two parameters affected by a high background count would be:
Definition
RBC and WBC
Term
The ketone test area on a dip stick is impregnated with:
Definition
Nitroprusside
Term
A donor who recently tested positive for HBsAg should be deferred for how long?
Definition
Permanently
Term
Which hemoglobin determination method is recommended by the International Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards?
Definition
Cyanmethemoglobin
Term
To determine if a patient is A1 or A2, the blood is typed with:
Definition
Dolichos biflorus serum
Term
When a patient has been sensitized, which test would be used to help identify the antibody that is attached to the patient's cells in vivo?
Definition
Elution
Term
Which test differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from other types of Staphlococci?
Definition
Coagulase
Term
The organism that can cause rheumatic fever and/or glomerular nephritis is:
Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes
Term
The quantity of inactivated serum used for a qualitative VDRL test is:
Definition
0.05 mL
Term
All of the following influence glomerular filtration except:
A-Decreased renal blood flow and cardiac failure
B-Cardiac failure and renal or urinary calculi
C-Renal or urinary calculi and decreased renal blood flow
D-Hyperglycemia and renal tubule malfunction
Definition
D. Hyperglycemia and renal tubule malfunction
Term
When performing automated cell counts, most automated cell counting instruments count NRBCs with what cells?
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
Unconjugated bilirubin is also known as:
Definition
Prehepatic bilirubin
Term
Which one of the following is characteristic of any antigen?
A-High molecular weight
B-High order of specificity
C-Foreign to animal
D-Produced by action of antibody
Definition
B. High order of specificity
Term
Water-soluble pigments are produced by:
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
Antihuman serum globulin (Coombs) is not used in performing:
Definition
Reverse typing
Term
Which instruments do not measure concentrations of a particular molecule but of the total ions and molecules in general (number of moles per kilogram of water)?
Definition
Osmometer
Term
What method could be used to study protein abnormality?
Definition
Immunoelectrophoresis
Term
Which of the following enzymes are present in heart muscle?
1.Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)(LD)
2.Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)(CK)
3.Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
Definition
1, 2, and 3
Term
What test is used to measure capillary fragility?
Definition
Tourniquet
Term
A substance that produces a prolonged prothrombin time when given orally is:
Definition
Coumadin/Warfarin
Term
Which stage of the coagulation process would be affected by a deficiency of Factor VIII?
Definition
First
Term
In serologic tests for syphilis, a reagin reactivity may result from an acute or chronic infection such as:
Definition
Lupus erythematosus
Term
The RA latex test is used as a screening test for:
Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Term
In the formation of urine, the function of the glomerulus is:
Definition
Simple filtration
Term
Microscopic examination of urinary sediment discloses small, motile cells having an oval "head" with a rather long, delicate, whip-like tail. These cells are most likely identified as:
Definition
Spermatozoa
Term
Metabolic acidosis can be detected by testing urine for the presence of:
Definition
Ketone bodies
Term
The cystic stage of development has not been demonstrated in which organism?
Definition
Trichomonas vaginalis
Term
The egg of the Schistosoma characterized by a pronounced lateral spine is:
Definition
Schistosoma mansoni
Term
Fungi are commonly identified on the basis of their:
Definition
Sporulation and the arrangement of spores on the hyphae
Term
A variety of media may be safely stored for months if care is taken to:
Definition
Retain their moisture
Term
In the 1980s, Ewing, Bergey, and the CDC divided the Enterobacteriaceae into several different tribes. Which one of the following is NOT a valid tribe under their classification scheme?
A-Escherichieae
B-Citrobactereae
C-Salmonelleae & Shigellaeae
D-Edwardsielleae
Definition
C. Salmonelleae & Shigellaeae
Term
Capsules are produced by virulent strains of:
Definition
Streptococcus pnewmoniae
Term
The modified Griess test, when positive to any degree, is virtually diagnostic of:
Definition
Significant bacteriuria (100000 organisms per milliliter of urine)
Term
Which media is used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from specimens that have mixed bacterial flora such as feces?
Definition
Mannitol salt agar
Term
A flagellate frequently found in the urine of female patients is:
Definition
Trichomonas vaginalis
Term
Which organisms are described as minute, very plemorphic, sometimes coccobacillary, gram negative rods that must have media enriched with X and V factors?
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae
Term
Bordet-Gengou and Eugon agar base with fresh blood is used for the isolation of:
Definition
Bordetella
Term
According to the Lancefield scheme of classifying Streptococcus species, the enterococci are placed in group:
Definition
D
Term
A reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-AB) test:
Definition
Confirms the presence of treponemal antibodies
Term
Which of the following is a strict anaerobe?
A-Bacillus anthracis
B-Listeria Monocytogenes
C-Clostridium botulinum
D-Nocardia asteroides
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
Term
The McLeod phenotype is associated with which antigen system?
Definition
Kell
Term
In the United States, which hospital laboratory section is regulated by the FDA?
Definition
Blood Bank
Term
What sero-marker is the first marker to become positive in Hepatitis B and is associated with the infective stage?
Definition
HBs antigen
Term
The screening or presumptive test for the osmotic fragility of red cells is normal when hemolysis begins in:
Definition
0.50% NaCl
Term
The accepted and usual time and temperature used for the inactivation of serum is:
Definition
56°C for 30 minutes
Term
Group O patients can safely receive plasma from a donor Who is group:
Definition
A, AB, or O.
Term
Rh immune globulin is given to an Rh(D) to a mother who:
Definition
Negative mother who has delivered an Rh(D) positive fetus
Term
Which one of the following may detect a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
A-Urine porphyrins
B-Serum haptoglobin
C-Post-transfusion red blood count and hemoglobin
D-Pre-transfusion bilirubin
Definition
B. Serum haptoglobin
Term
Who is credited with proposing the most readily acceptable theory of ABO inheritance?
Definition
Landsteiner
Term
During the crossmatch procedure, a negative result on the addition of Coombs control cells indicates that the:
Definition
Antiglobulin reagent is inactivated, neutralized, or not added to the test
Term
What analyte is measured by the Jaffe method?
Definition
Creatinine
Term
What is the normal life span of a red cell in circulation?
Definition
120 days
Term
The presence of leukocytes in urine is known as:
Definition
Pyuria
Term
A penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonnorrhoeae produces:
Definition
Beta-lactamase
Term
According to AABB standards, fresh frozen plasma should be infused within what period of time after thawing?
Definition
24 hours
Term
Which test monitors heparin therapy?
Definition
APTT
Term
The addition of ____ will increase the shelf life of red blood cells?
Definition
AS-3
Term
Precipitation is the term applied to:
Definition
Aggregation of soluble test antigens
Term
The persistent survival of microorganisms on a surface of the human body is called:
Definition
Colonization
Term
Adult male normal RBC count:
Definition
4.6 - 6.0
Term
RDW normal value:
Definition
11.5 - 14.5
Term
Adult female hemoglobin:
Definition
12.0 - 15.0
Term
The linked HLA genes on each chromosome constitute a(n):
Definition
Haplotype
Term
A donor has the genotype hh,AB. What will be his red cell phenotype?
Definition
O
Term
The stage of the amoeba that is motile, feeding and reproducing:
Definition
Trophozoite
Term
Direct measurement of specific gravity:
Definition
Refractometer
Term
The western blot is a confirmatory test for the presence of:
Definition
Anti-HIV-1
Term
The optimum storage temperature for red blood cells, frozen is:
Definition
-80°C
Term
The optimum storage temperature for red blood cells is:
Definition
4°C
Term
The optimum storage temperature for cryoprecipitated AHF is:
Definition
-20°C
Term
The formula for MCHC is:
Definition
(Hgb X 100)/Hct
Term
Cryoprecipitated AHF contains ____ units of Factor VIII.
Definition
80
Term
Once thawed, fresh frozen plasma must be transfused within:
Definition
24 hours
Term
In the liquid state, plasma must be stored at:
Definition
1-6°C
Term
The blood component that contains the most Factor VIII concentration relative to volume:
Definition
Cryoprecipitated AHF
Term
Most blood group systems are inherited as:
Definition
Autosomal codominant
Term
The phenotypes that will react with
anti-f:
Definition
rr
Term
The red cell antigens that are found on glycophorin-A:
Definition
M,N
Term
Resistance to malaria is associated with which blood group?
Definition
Duffy
Term
The test that is currently used to detect donors who are infected with the AIDS virus is:
Definition
Anti-HIV 1,2
Term
Cryoprecipitated AHF must be transfused within what period of time following thawing and pooling?
Definition
4 hours
Term
In an automated cell counter, the WBC results reads "+++". What is the appropriate action to take next?
Definition
Make a dilution of the sample and repeat
Term
The principle energy source for mature red blood cells is:
Definition
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated from anaerobic glycolysis
Term
Normal MCV:
Definition
80-100
Term
Normal MCH:
Definition
27-31
Term
Normal MCHC:
Definition
32-36
Term
Normal male HCT:
Definition
40-54
Term
Normal WBC:
Definition
4.5 - 11.5
Term
In the normal adult, the spleen acts as a site for:
Definition
Removal of imperfect and aged cells
Term
The term "shift to the left" refers to:
Definition
Immature cell forms in the peripheral blood
Term
Amoeba that causes amoebic dysentery:
Definition
Entamoeba histolytica
Term
Plasmodium spp. is spread by the:
Definition
Anopheles mosquito
Term
The majority of the urinary reabsorption occurs in:
Definition
Proximal tubules
Term
What is responsible for erythrocyte deformability and maintaining cell shape?
Definition
Membrane proteins
Term
An injury may occur if incorrect technique is used when preforming what test?
Definition
Clinitest
Term
The lowest concentration of school antibiotic that inhibits growth of a test organism is the:
Definition
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Term
A physician suspects that a patient may have pancreatitis. Which assay should he order?
Definition
Amylase
Term
India ink performed on a CSF is useful in diagnosis of:
Definition
Fungal meningitis
Term
How would you interpret the results if both the anti-D reagent and the Rh control were 2+ agglutination reactions?
Definition
Unable to determine without further testing
Term
Why is incubation omitted in the direct antihuman globulin test?
Definition
The antigen-antibody complex has already formed in vivo
Term
Acquired immunity can result from:
Definition
Vaccination and contracting a disease
Term
The most important buffer pair in the plasma is the:
Definition
Bicarbonate/carbonic acid
Term
The optimum storage temperature for platelets is:
Definition
22°C
Term
According to AABB standards, platelets must be:
Definition
Gently agitated and stored at room temperature
Term
A hapten is:
Definition
A determinant capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier
Term
A lymphokine is:
Definition
A soluble mediator produced by lymphocytes
Term
What does EMIT stand for?
Definition
Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
Term
Which globin chains compose hemoglobin A1?
Definition
Two alpha chains and two beta chains
Term
Sudan III will confirm the presence of:
Definition
Fat
Term
Detects presence of abnormal clotting in the blood:
Definition
D-dimer
Term
Tinea pedis is also called:
Definition
Athletes foot
Term
Perl's Prussian Blue is a stain used to detect:
Definition
Iron
Term
What is the name for RBCs of different sizes?
Definition
Anisocytosis
Term
Programmed cell death is called:
Definition
Apoptosis
Term
Which glucose method is considered to be the reference method?
Definition
Hexokinase
Term
Test that measures Coumadin therapy:
Definition
Prothrombin time (PT)
Term
Heparin inhibits clotting by:
Definition
Enhancing the action of antithrombin
Term
How does PTH affect bone?
Definition
Increase CA and Phosphate release
Term
A positive DNase would be seen with:
Definition
Serratia marcescens
Term
What is the "gold standard" for drug confirmation?
Definition
GC mass spectrometry
Term
Infection responsible for the most deaths worldwide:
Definition
Malaria
Term
In the liquid state, plasma must be stored at:
Definition
1-6°C
Term
Test used to monitor heparin therapy:
Definition
Activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT)
Term
After absorption, codeine is rapidly metabolized to what compound?
Definition
Morphine
Term
Heinz bodies are found when hemoglobin:
Definition
Precipitates
Term
In what area of the bone marrow does hematopoiesis take place?
Definition
Cords
Term
What is the term for cell movement through blood vessels to a tissue site?
Definition
Diapedesis
Term
Fibrin strands are cross linked and the fibrin clot is stabilized by the activity of:
Definition
Factor XIIIa
Term
In the third month of gestation, what is the primary site of hematopoiesis?
Definition
Liver
Term
The quantity of inactivated serum used for a qualitative VDRL test is:
Definition
0.05 mL
Term
A mother is Rh(D) negative. The father is homozygous Rh(D) positive. ALL of their children will be:
Definition
Heterozygous Rh(D) positive
Term
According to Landsteiner, when a specific antigen is present on blood cells, the corresponding antibody is:
Definition
Absent from the serum
Term
Cell/antibody mixtures used in tube testing to determine ABO group should be centrifuged for:
Definition
15-30 seconds @ 1000
Term
A trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica usually contains:
Definition
Red blood cells in the cytoplasm
Term
In using a urinometer to measure specific gravity, the correction factor for each 3°C higher or lower than calibration temperature is:
Definition
+/- 0.001
Term
Prothrombin is:
Definition
A protein formed by the liver in the presence of vitamin k
Term
The most potent plasminogen activator in the contact phase of coagulation is:
Definition
HMWK
Term
Mitosis results in ____ chromosomes as the original.
Definition
Two cells with the same number of
Term
What forward typing reagent can be used to confirm group O units before placing them in inventory?
Definition
Anti-A,B
Term
In the assay of lactate dehydrogenase (LD), which product is actually measured?
Definition
NADH
Term
Regarding thyroid hormones, the primary secretory product of the normal thyroid gland is in the form of:
Definition
Thyroxine (T4)
Term
Increased TSH, decreased T3 and decreased T4 with presence of goiter indicates:
Definition
Primary hypothyroidism
Term
A meniscus is the:
Definition
Curvature in the top surface of a liquid
Term
Lymphocytes become transformed when they are:
Definition
Being stimulated by an antigen
Term
From what precursor is Creatinine formed?
Definition
Creatine
Term
What is the anticoagulant of choice for the collection of blood gases?
Definition
Heparin
Term
The most common cause of posttransfusion hepatitis can be detected in donors by testing for:
Definition
HBsAg
Term
ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDFN) differs from Rh HDFN in that:
Definition
Rh HDFN is clinically more severe than ABO
Term
An individual has been sensitized to the k antigen and has produced anti-k. What is the most probable Kell system genotype?
Definition
KK
Term
The patient is group A. Which cryoprecipitate units would be appropriate to use?
Definition
Group A or AB
Term
Which component is indicated for a patient when the physician is concerned about increasing the oxygen carrying capacity?
Definition
Packed RBCs
Term
The MIC result recorded in antimicrobial testing is defined as:
Definition
The lowest antimicrobial agent concentration that completely inhibits visible bacterial growth
Term
Before unconjugated bilirubin can react with Ehrlich diazo reagent, what must be added?
Definition
Caffeine
Term
Platelets interacting with and binding to other platelets is referred to as:
Definition
Aggregation
Term
Which procedure should be followed when one cross matched unit out of five is INCOMPATIBLE at the antiglobulin (AHG) phase?
Definition
Perform a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on the incompatible unit
Term
The ideal capillary blood collection site on a newborn is:
Definition
The plantar surface of the heel
Term
A citrated blood specimen is to be collected from a polycythemia patient. The anticoagulant should be:
Definition
Reduced in volume
Term
The specimen of choice for a manual WBC differential count is whole blood collected in:
Definition
EDTA
Term
A platelet count was performed on an automated instrument. The platelet count was low. Upon examination of the smear, the platelet estimate is normal. What could be the cause?
Definition
Abnormally large platelets were counted as RBCs
Term
Below are the results of the history obtained from a prospective female blood donor:
Age-16
Temperature-99.0°F (37.2°C)
Hct-36%
History-Tetanus toxoid immunization 1 week previously

How many of the above results excludes this donor from giving blood for a routine transfusion?
Definition
1
Term
Chemicals with the designation ____ are suitable for use in most clinical chemistry laboratory analyses.
Definition
AR (analytical reagent)
Term
When a blood sample is separated by centrifugation, the liquid component is separated from cells. The "serum" is the:
Definition
Liquid component with no clotting factors in it
Term
A serum sample from an individual who has eaten a fatty meal 2 hours before having his blood drawn might appear:
Definition
Lipemic
Term
A person who is a vegetarian would likely have a ____ total lipid concentration compared with an individual who is not a vegetarian.
Definition
Lower
Term
What destroys the red cells in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Definition
Increased susceptibility to complement
Term
How is it genetically possible for a child born to two Rh positive parents to phenotype as D-negative?
Definition
Both parents are heterozygous D-positive
Term
In an emergency situation, Rh-negative blood is transfused in an Rh-positive patient with the genotype CDe/CDe. The first antibody most likely to develop is:
Definition
Anti-c
Term
Whole blood collected from a donor should remain at what temperature before the separation and preparation of platelet concentrates?
Definition
20-24°C
Term
A patient's red cells are agglutinated by anti-B, but not by anti-A. This person would have which ABO phenotype?
Definition
Group B
Term
A hepatitis B virus carrier is defined as a:
Definition
Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive person who has liver disease as a result of a previous hepatitis exposure
Term
The reproducibility of a test when it is run (repeated) several times is called:
Definition
Precision
Term
The most common etiologic agent in uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infection is:
Definition
Escherichia coli
Term
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests are performed to help diagnose:
Definition
Lupus arythmosis
Term
When testing a patient for HIV, what test is used as confirmation?
Definition
Western blot
Term
At what temperature range is the ABO antigen-antibody reaction best observed?
Definition
4-20°C
Term
If an individual is type O, what is their ABO genotype?
Definition
OO
Term
How often can a person make a blood donation?
Definition
Every 56 days
Term
Why is reverse grouping omitted in the neonatal period for ABO testing?
Definition
Newborns do not produce their own antibody until about 4 months
Term
A bleeding time is used to evaluate the activity of:
Definition
Platelets
Term
The anticoagulant of choice for coagulation studies is:
Definition
Sodium citrate
Term
Howell-Jolly bodies are composed of:
Definition
DNA
Term
Myeloid metaplasia refers to:
Definition
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Term
Heroin is synthesized from what drug?
Definition
Morphine
Term
The major class of immunoglobulin found in adult human serum is:
Definition
IgG
Term
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by:
Definition
Low pH
Term
A classic presentation of someone infected with C. tetani is:
Definition
Extreme spasms of the muscles along the spinal cord
Term
A positive indole reaction is characteristic of:
Definition
Escherichia coli
Term
What is the primary functional unit of the kidney?
Definition
Nephron
Term
Infection in the upper urinary tract is called:
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term
The platelet parameter PDW refers to the:
Definition
Variation in platelet cell size
Term
When should semen specimens be analyzed?
Definition
After liquification
Term
The description of "Medusa head" colonies on solid agar is most characteristic of:
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Term
Anticoagulated whole blood is the preferred specimen in determining exposure to what compound?
Definition
Carbon monoxide
Term
Infection in the upper urinary tract is called:
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term
The platelet parameter PDW refers to the:
Definition
Variation in platelet cell size
Term
When should semen specimens be analyzed?
Definition
After liquification
Term
The description of "Medusa head" colonies on solid agar is most characteristic of:
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Term
Anticoagulated whole blood is the preferred specimen in determining exposure to what compound?
Definition
Carbon monoxide
Term
Skeletal deformations are most commonly present in which Beta Thalassemia?
Definition
Beta Thalassemia Major
Term
The hemorrhagic problems associated with scurvy are due to a deficiency of ____, which is a cofactor required for collagen synthesis?
Definition
Vitamin C
Term
The mechanism that relays information about tissue oxygen levels to erythropoietin-producing sites is located in the:
Definition
Kidney
Term
Which chromatography system is commonly used in conjunction with mass spectrometry?
Definition
Gas-liquid
Term
Why does Plasmodium falciparum infection result in the most serious hemolysis of the various forms of malaria?
Definition
Red blood cells of all ages are invaded
Term
Neutrophilia and a left shift are most often found in patients with:
Definition
Acute bacterial infection
Term
Which blood group system possesses the Js(b) and Kp(a) antigens?
Definition
Kell
Term
An antibody commonly associated with delayed transfusion reaction is:
Definition
Anti-Jk(b)
Term
What antibodies are detected in the immediate spin crossmatch?
Definition
ABO antibodies
Term
The myeloid progenitor cell can produce cells committed to:
Definition
Granulocytic, erythrocytic, monocytic or megakaryocytic lineages
Term
The TPI, VDRL, RPR, and Kahn tests are used to provide presumptive identification of what infection?
Definition
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
Term
Antibodies are produced by:
Definition
B cells
Term
Which cell is capable of killing ingested microorganisms?
Definition
Neutrophil
Term
Term that describes the unique part of the antigen that is recognized by a corresponding antibody:
Definition
Epitope
Term
____ molecules are usually not good immunogenic substances.
Definition
Lipid
Term
The chemical composition of an antibody is:
Definition
Glycoprotein
Term
An epitope is also termed a(n):
Definition
Antigenic determinant
Term
In a hemagglutination test, the antigen is:
Definition
On the red cell membrane
Term
Hemagglutination can be enhanced by increasing:
Definition
The incubation time
Term
Molecules that bind to an antigen to increase phagocytosis are:
Definition
Opsonins
Term
Which immunoglobulin class contains 10 antigen-binding sites?
Definition
IgM
Term
Which immunoglobulin class is produced early in an immune response?
Definition
IgM
Term
Which immunoglobulin class is found in mucosal linings?
Definition
IgA
Term
Which immunoglobulin class is able to cross the placenta?
Definition
IgG
Term
Which immunoglobulin class has the highest plasma-serum concentration?
Definition
IgG
Term
Which immunoglobulin class is pentameter shaped?
Definition
IgM
Term
Which immunoglobulin class activates the complement cascade most efficiently?
Definition
IgM
Term
Why are patient red cells washed before the addition of AHG reagents in the DAT?
Definition
To remove unbound serum proteins
Term
The blood group antibody that loses reactivity with ficin-treated panel cells:
Definition
Anti-M
Term
Information regarding reagent limitations are located in the:
Definition
Product inserts
Term
What reagents are derived from plant extracts?
Definition
Lectins
Term
What antibodies are present in polyspecific AHG reagent?
Definition
Anti-IgG and anti-C3d
Term
The term used when two of the same forms of a gene are inherited from each parent is:
Definition
Homozygous
Term
What gene controls the presence of soluble H substance in saliva?
Definition
Se
Term
Cold autoantibodies are usually of which specificity?
Definition
I
Term
Alleles within the Lewis system include:
Definition
Le, le
Term
In the adult, erythropoietin to stimulate red cell production is produced in the:
Definition
Kidneys
Term
An example of a crystalloid solution used to treat hypovolemia is:
Definition
Ringer's lactate
Term
Hemophilia A patients are treated for bleeding with:
Definition
Factor VIII
Term
The greatest danger to the fetus affected by HDFN is:
Definition
Anemia
Term
RhIG should be administered within how many hours of delivery?
Definition
72
Term
A gene that produces no detectable product is referred to as an:
Definition
Amorph
Term
Alternate forms of a gene at given genetic loci ate called:
Definition
Alleles
Term
A gene that can inhibit the expression of another gene is called:
Definition
A suppressor gene
Term
The phosphate, sugar, and base that constitute DNA and RNA are called:
Definition
Nucleotides
Term
The Rh genotype CDE/cDE is written in Wiener notation as:
Definition
R(z)R(2)
Term
What is the likelihood that two heterozygous D-positive parents will have a D-negative child?
Definition
25%
Term
Eight units of platelets were pooled. The new expiration is:
Definition
4 hours
Term
What is the purpose of competency assessment?
Definition
Identify employees in need of retraining
Term
Agglutination reactions characterized by many small agglutinates in a background of free cells would be graded in tube testing as:
Definition
1+
Term
The HLA complex is located primarily on:
Definition
Chromosome 6
Term
What combination of reagents is used to measure hemoglobin?
Definition
Potassium ferricyanide & Potassium cyanide
Term
When using EMIT, the enzyme is coupled to:
Definition
Antigen
Term
Definition of anemia:
Definition
Decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell count compared to healthy people in the same demographic group
Term
What clinical feature of sickle cell disease accounts for the highest number of hospital admissions?
Definition
Vaso-occlusion
Term
The serologically detectable antibody produced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is primarily of the class:
Definition
IgM
Term
The largest hematopoietic cells in normal bone marrow are:
Definition
Megakaryocytes
Term
Proper steps in preparation of a platelet concentrate:
Definition
Whole blood centrifuged at low speed-plasma separated then centrifuged at high speed
Term
Lymphocyte concentrations in the peripheral blood are greatest during what age interval?
Definition
1-4 years old
Term
C. jejuni exhibits growth characteristics such as:
Definition
Increased growth at 42°C
Term
In disk diffusion susceptibility testing, as an antimicrobial agent diffuses away from the disk, the concentration of the antibiotic ____.
Definition
Decreases
Term
Chromatography system characterized by a stationary phase of silica gel on a piece of glass and a moving phase of liquid:
Definition
Thin-layer
Term
A platelet aggregation agent that characteristically yield a biphasic curve when used in optimal concentration is:
Definition
Epinephrine
Term
The most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in older adults is:
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
What is the first type of cell produced by the developing embryo?
Definition
Erythrocyte
Term
The coagulation factors referred to as "Vitamin K-dependent" are:
Definition
II, VII, IX, X
Term
To qualify as a donor for autologous transfusion, a patients hemoglobin should be at least:
Definition
11 g/dL
Term
What is the approximate total blood volume in an adult?
Definition
6L
Term
The main regulatory protein of secondary hemostasis is:
Definition
Antithrombin
Term
Coarse PAS positivity may be found in the leukemic cells of:
Definition
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAB type L1)
Term
What is the predominant form of thyroid hormone in the circulation?
Definition
Thyroxine
Term
Refers to the transparency or turbidity of a specimen:
Definition
Clarity
Term
Lithium therapy is used widely as a treatment for:
Definition
Manic-depressive disorder (Bipolar)
Term
A positive gelatin reaction is characteristic of:
Definition
Serratia liquefaciens
Term
Cell-mediated immunity is primarily mediated by:
Definition
T helper cells
Term
Preparing a patient for a standard glucose tolerance test should include:
Definition
Fasting for 8 hours before the test
Term
Why are small dense LDL molecules more atherogenic?
Definition
Small dense LDL molecules have greater mobility in the endothelium and arterial wall
Term
Which class of immunoglobulin possesses delta heavy chains?
Definition
IgD
Term
What isolates light within a narrow region of the spectrum?
Definition
Monochromator
Term
What is the name for RBCs of different shapes?
Definition
Poikilocytosis
Term
What percentage of tissue located in the bone marrow cavities of adults is fat?
Definition
50%
Term
Innate immunity includes:
Definition
Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells
Term
If a physician suspects a qualitative platelet defect, the most useful test to order is:
Definition
Bleeding time
Term
Reversal of a heparin overdose can be achieved by administration of:
Definition
Protamine sulfate
Term
What is the normal ratio of myeloid to erythroid precursors in bone marrow?
(M:E ratio)
Definition
4:1
Term
The number of platelets an average megakaryocyte generates is approximately:
Definition
2000-4000
Term
The most pathogenic and deadly Plasmodium spp. is:
Definition
Plasmodium falciparum
Term
How is the majority of reverse t3(rT3) made?
Definition
Peripheral deiodination of T4
Term
Kupffer cells, found in the liver, are:
Definition
Macrophages
Term
Bone marrow cellularity refers to the ratio of:
Definition
Hematopoietic tissue to adipose tissue
Term
Antigen-independent lymphopoiesis occurs in primary lymphoid tissue located in the:
Definition
Thymus and bone marrow
Term
____ is a slow acting barbiturate that effectively controls several types of seizures.
Definition
Phenobarbital
Term
In what disorder is significant basophilia most commonly seen?
Definition
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Term
The type of immunity that follows the injection of an immunogen is termed:
Definition
Artificial active
Term
Foodborne outbreaks of brucellosis are most commonly associated with eating:
Definition
Imported cheese
Term
The strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen is termed the:
Definition
Avidity
Term
Which type of media is designed to support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms?
Definition
Nutritive
Term
The porphyrin test determines an organisms requirement for:
Definition
Hemin
Term
HLA antigens are found on all ____ cells.
Definition
Nucleated
Term
Ion-exchange chromatography separates solutes in a sample based on the:
Definition
Sign and magnitude of the ionic charge
Term
In assaying an analyte with a single-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer, what is the instrument measuring?
Definition
Intensity of the beam from the hollow-cathode lamp after it has passed through the analyte-containing flame
Term
The measurement of CO2 in blood by means of a PCO2 electrode is dependent on the:
Definition
Change in pH because of increased fare carbonic acid in the electrolyte surrounding the electrodes
Term
Singlet oxygen reacting with a precursor chemiluminescent compound to form a decay product whose light energies a fluorophore best describes:
Definition
Luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay
Term
The type of immunity that follow the injection of antibodies synthesized by another individual or animal is termed:
Definition
Artificial passive
Term
Nephelometry is based on the measurement of light that is:
Definition
Scattered by particles in solution
Term
When spherocytes are reported, what is observed on the peripheral blood smear?
Definition
Red cells without a central pallor
Term
A drug that relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchial passages is:
Definition
Theophylline
Term
Which total protein method requires copper sulfate, potassium iodide in sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium tartrate in its reagent system?
Definition
Biuret method
Term
What term describes a mature red blood cell that contains iron granules or deposits?
Definition
Siderocyte
Term
Cells that produce immunoglobulins in response to antigenic stimulation are designated :
Definition
Plasma cells
Term
Which of the Neisseria spp. produces acid from glucose and maltose but not sucrose or lactose?
Definition
Neisseria meningitidis
Term
Irradiation of a unit of red blood cells is done to prevent the replication of donor:
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
Carcinoembryoinic antigen (CEA) is most likely to be produced in a malignancy involving the:
Definition
Colon
Term
What is the process of removing an antibody from the red blood cell membrane called?
Definition
Elution
Term
In spectrophotometric analysis, what is the purpose of the reagent blank?
Definition
Correct for color contribution of the reagents
Term
Description of chemiluminescence:
Definition
Chemical energy excites electrons that emit light upon return to ground state
Term
Decreased complement levels can be observed in:
Definition
Excessive activation & genetic defects
Term
What is the purpose of using ampholytes in isoelectric focusing?
Definition
Establish a pH gradient in the gel
Term
What method allows for the separation of charged particles based on their rates of migration in an electric field?
Definition
Electrophoresis
Term
An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what metabolic state?
Definition
Respiratory acidosis
Term
Proteins may become denatured when subjected to mechanical agitation, heat, or extreme chemical treatment. How are proteins affected by denaturation?
Definition
Alteration in tertiary structure
Term
What is the most likely explanation for a patient with sickle cell anemia whose hemoglobin has dropped to 4g/dL and has a reticulocyte count of 0.1%?
Definition
Aplastic crisis
Term
Although serum elevations are not generally seen in early stages, which tumor markers are elevated in more advanced stages of breast cancer?
Definition
CA 15-3 and CA 549
Term
Which parameter is used in mass spectrometry to identify a compound?
Definition
Ion mass-to-charge ratio
Term
What is the function of the flame in atomic absorption spectroscopy?
Definition
Bring the metal analyte to its ground state
Term
An important part of the nonspecific immune response is(are):
Definition
Complement cascade
Term
Compared to blood agar media, chocolate blood agar favors the growth of which organisms?
Definition
More fastidious bacteria
Term
Interleukins and colony stimulating factors are cytokines produced by:
Definition
Monocytes and T lymphocytes
Term
The minimum hemoglobin concentration in a finger stick from a male blood donor is:
Definition
12.5g/dL
Term
In an adult, what are the two best areas for obtaining active bone marrow by aspiration?
Definition
Posterior iliac crest and sternum
Term
According to AABB standards, what is the minimum pH required for platelets at the end of the storage period?
Definition
6.2
Term
Which type of elution technique may be used in high-performance liquid chromatography?
Definition
Gradient
Term
Which EBV markers would be most likely positive for an individual who had infectious mononucleosis 9 years ago?
Definition
Anti-VCA(IgG) and anti-EBNA
Term
Chromatography system described as having a stationary phase that is liquid absorbed on particles packed in a column and a liquid moving phase that is pumped through a column?
Definition
High-performance liquid
Term
When performing spectrophotometer quality assurance checks, what is the holmium oxide glass filter used to assess?
Definition
Wavelength accuracy
Term
A patient is immunized for rubella. What type of immunity does this patient have?
Definition
Active
Term
The best method for screening cerebrospinal fluid for syphilis is:
Definition
VDRL
Term
The tumor marker associated with cancer of the pancreas is:
Definition
CA 19-9
Term
An L/S ratio of 2.7 indicates:
Definition
Fetal lung maturity
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid results reveal an increase in protein, normal glucose, normal lactate and increased lymphocytes. These results most likely indicate:
Definition
Viral meningitis
Term
Red blood cells which are to be tested with antiglobulin reagent are washed to:
Definition
Remove unbound serum globulin
Term
How many units of platelet concentrates would be needed to raise the platelet count 150,000/mm3 in an average sized adult?
Definition
15
Term
Cord bloods are washed prior to ABO and Rh grouping to:
Definition
Remove Wharton's jelly
Term
Four units of platelets were pooled and issued at 2:00pm. At 7:00pm the ward called, said they had never transfused the platelets, and wanted to know if the platelet pool could still be used?
Definition
No, they outdated at 6:00pm
Term
ANA fluorescent techniques were performed and a speckled pattern appeared with a titer of 640. What would you do next?
Definition
Test for extractable nuclear antibodies
Term
After exposure to measles, a patient is tested and has a 1:20 titer. This indicates:
Definition
Test should be repeated in 10 days to 2 weeks
Term
A patient has a T helper:T suppressor ratio of 1:2. What disease stage might you expect?
Definition
AIDS
Term
The most sensitive assay for all stages of syphilis is:
Definition
FTA-Abs
Term
Procedure to test for antibodies to specific allergens:
Definition
RAST
Term
Multiple myeloma most commonly involves which class of immunoglobulin?
Definition
IgG
Term
A peripheral blood smear stained with Prussian blue demonstrates siderocytes. On a Wright stained smear, what would be expected?
Definition
Pappenheimer bodies
Term
Plasma cells evolve from which cell line?
Definition
Lymphocytic
Term
The failure of granulocytes to develop past the "band" or two-lobed stage is characteristic of:
Definition
Pelger-Huet anomaly
Term
The normal M:E ratio for an adult is:
Definition
3:1
Term
The major iron storage compound is:
Definition
Ferritin
Term
Prolonged bleeding time and giant platelets best describe:
Definition
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Term
A 7 year old male child is a candidate for ear tube surgery because of repeated ear infections but he has a persistent prolonged Prothrombin Time. The APTT is normal. Which condition is most likely?
A-Congenital factor VII deficiency
B-Vitamin K deficiency
C-Hemophilia A
D-Factor V Leiden
Definition
B. Vitamin K deficiency
Term
If one performs an APTT on a patient on high-dose warfarin therapy, we would expect that the result would be:
A-Normal because warfarin effects the PT only
B-⬆ because of fibrinogen split products
C-⬆ because of factor VII deficiency
D-⬆ because of other factor deficiencies
Definition
D.⬆ because of other factor deficiencies
Term
Which of the following changes occur when a urine specimen is left at room temperature for longer than 1-2 hours?
A-Ketones⬇
B-Bilirubin⬆
C-Bacteria⬇
D-Glucose⬆
Definition
A. Ketones ⬇
Term
An abnormally high specific gravity may be seen in which of the following conditions?
A-Chronic renal disease
B-Diabetes insipidus
C-Metabolic acidosis
D-Radiographic dye injection
Definition
D.Radiographic dye injection
Term
An elevated urine urobilinogen and a negative test for urine bilirubin may indicate which of the following conditions?
A-Acute hepatic toxicity
B-Biliary obstruction
C-Hemolytic disease
D-Urinary tract infection
Definition
C.Hemolytic disease
Term
Which results will typically not be affected in a hemolyzed sample?
A-Acid phosphatase
B-Sodium
C-Iron
D-Potassium
Definition
B.Sodium
Term
In drug testing using thin layer chromatography, why is a volatile organic solvent mixed with urine specimens?
Definition
To extract the drugs
Term
The best laboratory test for detecting cystic fibrosis is:
A-Lipase
B-Sodium
C-Sweat chloride
D-Trypsin
Definition
C.Sweat chloride
Term
A "rice water stool" is characteristic of patients infected with:
Definition
Vibrio cholerae
Term
Characteristics indicating an appropriate sputum collection would be microscopic findings of:
Definition
<10 epithelial cells, 10-25 white cells
Term
Clinical diagnosis of rabies in infected animals is dependent upon brain tissue observation of:
Definition
Negri bodies
Term
Which organism is transmitted to humans by ticks and blood transfusions?
Definition
Babesia
Term
Enterobius vermicularis infection is usually diagnosed by finding eggs from:
Definition
Cellulose tape preps
Term
A cause of acute infectious infantile diarrhea is:
Definition
Rotovirus
Term
The specimen of choice in a case of suspected epiglottitis is collected from the:
Definition
Blood
Term
The most likely cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis is:
Definition
Streptococcus viridans
Term
The treatment of choice for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus is:
Definition
Vancomycin
Term
A scotochromogenic mycobacterium showing hydrolysis of Tween 80 in 7 days is probably:
A-M.avium
B-M.fortuitum
C-M.gordonae
D-M.marinum
Definition
C. M.gordonae
Term
Western blotting is a method used to detect which of the following?
A-DNA
B-Protein
C-RNA
D-Mutations
Definition
B.Protein
Term
Human genome consists of:
A-Haploid copy number
B-22 chromosomes
C-Circular structure
D-Approximately 6 billion bases
Definition
Approximately 6 billion bases
Term
The coding sequences of a gene are known as:
A-Introns
B-Exons
C-Splice sites
D-Frameshifts
Definition
Exons
Term
If someone has a normal and mutant banding pattern, they are referred to as:
Definition
Heterozygous
Term
RT-PCR involves all of the following except:
A-DNA isolation
B-Reverse transcription
C-PCR amplification
D-Product analysis
Definition
DNA isolation
Term
Restriction endonucleases recognize specific:
A-Methylation patterns
B-Trinucleotide repeats
C-Palindromic DNA sequences
D-DNA damaged sites
Definition
Palindromic DNA sequences
Term
If an employee suspects that the employer is violating safety standards, which agency should be notified?
Definition
OSHA
Term
The white blood cell that can appear atypical or reactive on a Wright-stained smear is:
Definition
Lymphocyte
Term
What stain could be used to differentiate between Howell-Jolly bodies and Pappenheimer bodies?
Definition
Prussian blue
Term
MCV calculation formula
Definition
(Hct/RBC) x 10
Term
MCH calculation formula
Definition
(Hgb/RBC) x 10
Term
MCHC calculation formula
Definition
(Hgb/Hct) x 100
Term
What organism causes White Piedra which infects hairs on the face, scalp, and body areas?
Definition
Trichosporon beigelii
Term
What should be done with a box of 10 Red Blood Cell units that was received with a measured temperature inside the box at 15ºC?
Definition
Quarantine and destroy the products
Term
Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated in the liver with ____ to become water soluble?
Definition
Glucuronic acid
Term
Which lipoproteins will form a creamy layer at the top of stored, non-fasting plasma specimens?
Definition
Chylomicrons
Term
Primary hemostatic processes resulting from vascular damage include all of the following except:
A-Collagen activates glycoprotein IIb/IIIa during platelet activation
B-Von Willebrand factor mediates platelet adhesion
C-Platelet granule release and fibrinogen mediate platelet aggregation
D-Rapid and immediate vascular dilation occurs
E-Both B & C
Definition
Rapid and immediate vascular dilation occurs
Term
Which test is performed to assess the average plasma glucose level that an individual maintained during the previous 10 week to 12 week period?
Definition
Glycated hemoglobin
Term
The presence of hyaline, septate hyphae, and a young conidiophore with a foot cell and a swollen vesicle in a fungus culture are excellent clues indicative of:
Definition
Aspergillus
Term
Anti-H:
A-Does not react with group O cells
B-Reacts more strongly with A1 cells than with O cells
C-Reacts more strongly with group A2 cells than with group A1 cells
D-Never reacts with group A cells
Definition
Reacts more strongly with group A2 cells than with group A1 cells
Term
The Hemacytometer has how many countable one-millimeter squares on it?
Definition
9 per side
Term
The absence of which clotting factor causes NO bleeding tendency?
Definition
Hageman factor
Term
Nephelometry is based on the measurement of light that is:
Definition
Scattered by particles in suspension
Term
Nephelometry is based on the measurement of light that is:
Definition
Scattered by particles in suspension
Term
Which of the following plasma proteins is not manufactured by the liver?
A-Albumin
B-IgG
C-Fibrinogen
D-Haptoglobin
Definition
IgG
Term
Which immunoglobulin class, characterized by its possession of a secretory component, is found in saliva, tears, and body secretions?
Definition
IgA
Term
Which immunoglobulin class is able to cross the placenta from the mother to the fetus?
Definition
IgG
Term
Which medium can be described as containing bile salts and dyes (bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin) to selectively slow the growth of most nonpathogenic gram-negative bacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract and allow Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. to grow?
Definition
Hektoen
Term
Which of the microbiology media is used to isolate gram-positive microorganisms?
Definition
CNA
Term
The expected blood gas results for a patient with chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:
Definition
Metabolic acidosis
Term
A blue top tube is collected for coagulation studies. It is a short draw. What will be the affect on testing?
Definition
The results will not be able to be obtained because the specimen should be rejected
Term
An individuals red blood cells give the following reactions to antisera:
anti-D 4+
anti-C 3+
anti-E 0
anti-c 3+
anti-e 3+
Rh control 0
What is the most likely genotype?
Definition
DCe/dce
Term
The temperature of a shipment of red blood cell units that were received from the local blood center was recorded as 8*C. The correct course of action is to:
Definition
Place the units in inventory because the temperature is acceptable
Term
Which medium can be described as containing bile salts and dyes (bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin) to selectively slow the growth of most nonpathogenic gram-negative bacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract and allow Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. to grow?
Definition
Hektoen
Term
Which of the microbiology media is used to isolate gram-positive microorganisms?
Definition
CNA
Term
The expected blood gas results for a patient with chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:
Definition
Metabolic acidosis
Term
A blue top tube is collected for coagulation studies. It is a short draw. What will be the affect on testing?
Definition
The results will not be able to be obtained because the specimen should be rejected
Term
An individuals red blood cells give the following reactions to antisera:
anti-D 4+
anti-C 3+
anti-E 0
anti-c 3+
anti-e 3+
Rh control 0
What is the most likely genotype?
Definition
DCe/dce
Term
The temperature of a shipment of red blood cell units that were received from the local blood center was recorded as 8*C. The correct course of action is to:
Definition
Place the units in inventory because the temperature is acceptable
Term
Which medium can be described as containing bile salts and dyes (bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin) to selectively slow the growth of most nonpathogenic gram-negative bacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract and allow Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. to grow?
Definition
Hektoen
Term
Which of the microbiology media is used to isolate gram-positive microorganisms?
Definition
CNA
Term
The expected blood gas results for a patient with chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:
Definition
Metabolic acidosis
Term
A blue top tube is collected for coagulation studies. It is a short draw. What will be the affect on testing?
Definition
The results will not be able to be obtained because the specimen should be rejected
Term
An individuals red blood cells give the following reactions to antisera:
anti-D 4+
anti-C 3+
anti-E 0
anti-c 3+
anti-e 3+
Rh control 0
What is the most likely genotype?
Definition
DCe/dce
Term
The temperature of a shipment of red blood cell units that were received from the local blood center was recorded as 8*C. The correct course of action is to:
Definition
Place the units in inventory because the temperature is acceptable
Term
An antithetical relationship exists between the antigens M and _.
Definition
N
Term
When performing your mixing study, you aliquot your sample plasma and the pooled normal plasma to create your "mix". You then place the sample in a water bath to incubate for 90 minutes before running your new mixed sample. What is the problem with the steps involved in the procedure above?
Definition
You have not run a PT or aPTT on the new mix before incubating
Term
The protein component that surrounds the genome is called a:
Definition
Capsid
Term
____ is a technique used to determine presence of target DNA or RNA by adding a synthetic strand that binds by complementary base pairing to the target.
Definition
Hybridization
Term
Remnants of erythrocyte nuclei, nuclear fragments, or aggregates of chromosomes are called:
Definition
Howell-Jolly bodies
Term
The children of an AB mother and a B father could phenotype as all of the following except:
A-O
B-A
C-B
D-AB
Definition
O
Term
When an individual is said to be group A, it refers to the individuals:
Definition
Phenotype
Term
Antimicrobial agents which act against one specific group of bacteria are called:
Definition
Narrow spectrum
Term
Antibody screening of the recipient is performed as a component of compatibility testing to detect:
Definition
Red cell alloantibodies
Term
The blood component that should be used to prevent HLA alloimmunization of the recipient:
Definition
Leukocyte-reduced red blood cells
Term
Cryoprecipitated AHF, if maintained in the frozen state at -18°C or below, has a shelf life of:
Definition
12 months
Term
____ is indicated for fibrinogen deficiencies.
Definition
Cryoprecipitated AHF
Term
Which of the following glucose results would most likely result in glycosuria?
A-60mg/dl
B-120mg/dl
C-150mg/dl
D-225mg/dl
Definition
225mg/dl
Term
Transport protein for bilirubin in the blood:
Definition
Albumin
Term
Which factor deficiency is associated with either no bleeding or only minor bleeding even after trauma or surgery?
Definition
V
Term
Typical finding in hereditary spherocytosis(HS):
Definition
Increased MCHC
Term
The antibody in the Lutheran system that is best detected at lower temperatures is:
Definition
Anti-Lu(a)
Term
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria(PCH) is associated with antibody specificity toward:
Definition
P antigen
Term
Platelets prepared in a polyolefin type container, stored at 22-24°C in 50mL of plasma, and gently agitated can be used up to:
Definition
5 days
Term
A blood component prepared by thawing FFP at refrigerator temperature and removing the fluid portion is:
Definition
Cryoprecipitated AHF
Term
Plastic bag overwraps are recommended when thawing units of FFP in 37°C water baths because they prevent:
Definition
The entry ports from becoming contaminated with water
Term
Platelets prepared by apheresis should contain at least ____ platelets.
Definition
3 x 10^11
Term
Leukocyte-reduced red blood cells are ordered for a newly diagnosed bone marrow candidate. The best way to prepare this product is to:
Definition
Transfuse through a leukocyte-removing filter
Term
Upon inspection, a unit of platelets is noted to have visible clots, but otherwise appears normal. The technologist should:
Definition
Quarantine for gram stain and culture
Term
This red cell typing is most commonly found in the African American donor population:
Definition
Fy(a-b-)
Term
HLA antibodies are:
A-Naturally occurring
B-Induced by multiple transfusions
C-Directed against granulocyte antigens only
D-Frequently cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions
Definition
Induced by multiple transfusions
Term
Saliva would neutralize an auto Anti-H in the serum of a group A, Le(a-b+) patient that is:
Definition
Group O, Le(a-b+)
Term
Found in the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis:
Definition
Anti-I
Term
CSF from a febrile 25-year old man with possible meningitis is rushed to the lab for a STAT gram stain and culture. While performing the gram stain, the tech spilled most of the specimen. The smear shows many neutrophils and no microorganisms. Since there is only enough specimen left for C/S, which ONE plate should you use?
Definition
Chocolate agar plate
Term
A recipient with group A phenotype requires a transfusion of 2 units of frozen plasma. Which of the following types are appropriate to select for transfusion?
A-AB and B
B-B and A
C-O and A
D-AB and A
Definition
AB and A
Term
In the emergency situation, Rh-negative red cells are transfused into an Rh-positive person of the genotype CDe/CDe. The first antibody most likely to develop is:
Definition
Anti-c
Term
Even in the absence of prior transfusion or pregnancy, individuals with the Bombay phenotype(Oh) will always have naturally occurring:
Definition
Anti-U
Term
A father donating platelets for his son is connected to a continuous flow machine, that uses the principle of centrifugation to separate platelets from whole blood. As the platelets are harvested, all other remaining elements are returned to the donor. This method of platelet collection is known as:
Definition
Apheresis
Term
And individuals red blood cells give the following reactions with Rh antisera:
Anti-D 4+
Anti-C 3+
Anti-E 0
Anti-c 3+
Anti-e 3+
Rh control 0
The individuals most probable genotype is:
Definition
D
Term
The Kell (K1) antigen is:
A-Absent from the red cells of neonates
B-Strongly immunogenic
C-Destroyed by enzymes
D-Has a frequency of 50% in the random population
Definition
Strongly immunogenic
Term
A unit of packed RBCs are split into 2 aliquots under closed sterile conditions at 8am. The expiration date for each aliquot is now:
Definition
Original date of expiration
Term
A CSF was collected from a 5-year old boy with a fever, and 3 tubes were transported to the lab.
-Tube 1 contained 50,000 RBCs and 48 WBCs
-Tube 2 contained 10 RBCs and 0 WBCS
What is the most likely explanation for the discrepancy?
Definition
Traumatic tap
Term
In relationship testing, a "direct exclusion" is established when a genetic marker is:
Definition
Present in the child, but absent in the mother and alleged father
Term
In a relationship testing case, the child has a genetic marker that is absent in the mother and cannot be demonstrated in the alleged father. The type of paternity exclusion is known as:
Definition
Direct
Term
A woman types as Rh-positive. She has an anti-c titer of 32 at AHG. Her baby has a negative DAT and is not affected by hemolytic disease of the newborn. The fathers most likely Rh phenotype is:
Definition
R1r
Term
The infective stage for Strongyloides stercoralis is:
Definition
Filariform larvae
Term
If humans ingest the egg of Taenia solium, they may develop:
Definition
Cystercercosis
Term
The amoeba which can cause liver or lung abscesses is:
Definition
Entamoeba histolytica
Term
Which trophozoite is suspected if ingested red cells are seen on a saline wet prep?
Definition
Entamoeba histolytica
Term
The trophozoite of which organism is characterized by "falling leaf motility", two nuclei, an axostyle, 4 pair of flagella and a sucker on the underside of the organism?
Definition
Giardia lamblia
Term
Pregnant women are to avoid cleaning litter boxes of their house cats until after delivery to prevent congenital infection of:
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
Specimens for viral culture should be transported in:
Definition
Sheep blood (5-10%)
Term
The organism known for it's "stormy fermentation" and double zone of beta hemolysis under anaerobic conditions causes:
Definition
Gas gangrene
Term
The bacteremic Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is associated with:
Definition
Neisseria meningitidis
Term
A photochromogenic mycobacterium isolated at 30°C is most likely:
Definition
M.marinum
Term
Loeffler's medium is used as a primary isolation medium for:
Definition
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Term
Which characteristic is most useful in differentiating Citrobacter and Salmonella?
Definition
Lysine decarboxylase
Term
A patient's lymphocytes demonstrate cytoplasmic projections and a positive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain. What would the diagnosis most likely be?
Definition
Hairy cell leukemia
Term
Causative agent of infectious mononucleosis:
Definition
Epstein-Barr Virus
Term
A specimen from a female complaining of vaginitis emitted a "fishy" odor when mixed with 10% KOH. A wet prep showed some white cells and epithelial cells covered with small gram variable rods. The most likely organism is:
Definition
Gardnerella vaginalis
Term
A gram negative rod, isolated from the urine of a female with recurrent UTI, was oxidase negative, urease positive showing A/A with H2S on TSI and red/black on LIA is most likely:
Definition
Proteus mirabilis
Term
An organism recovered from a diarrheal stool was K/A with no gas or H2S on TSI, lysine negative, oxidase negative, urease negative and citrate negative. The most likely organism is:
Definition
Shigella sonnei
Term
The transfusion component of choice for a bleeding patient with a prolonged bleeding time, increased APTT, decreased levels of Factor VIII antigen and impaired aggregation of platelets in response to ristocetin would be:
Definition
Cryoprecipitate
Term
A patient has experienced febrile reactions following 2 red cell transfusions. The best component to use if subsequent transfusions are needed would be:
Definition
Leukocyte-reduced red cells
Term
Why should potassium levels be monitored prior to and during administration of IV insulin?
Definition
Insulin causes potassium to move into cells which may cause a drop in potassium levels
Term
Which organism causes Visceral Larval Migrans?
Definition
Toxocara canis
Term
A blood smear showed crescent shaped gametocytes in several red cells. What is the most probable identity of the organisms?
Definition
Plasmodium falciparum
Term
Which of the following can cause a fatal meningoencephalitis?
A-Balantidium coli
B-Entamoeba histolytica
C-Naegleria fowleri
D-Toxoplasmosis gondii
Definition
Naegleria fowleri
Term
Which of the following eggs may not be detected in zinc flotation procedures?
A-Ascaris lumbricoides (fertile)
B-Trichiura trichuris
C-Schistosoma mansoni
D-Taenia solium
Definition
Schistosoma mansoni
Term
A silver methenamine stained slide of a bronchial washing from an AIDS patient is examined. Which of the following parasites is most likely to be identified?
A-Cryptosporidium parvum
B-Toxoplasma gondii
C-Strongyloides stercoralis
D-Pneumocystis jiroveci
Definition
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Term
Which of the following cysts has a nucleus with a prominent karyosome, a clear halo, no achromatic granules, no peripheral chromatin?
-Entamoeba histolytica
-Entamoeba hartmanni
-Endolimax nana
-Iodamoeba bütschlii
Definition
Endolimax nana
Term
A patient visiting from overseas is hospitalized due to suspected tuberculosis. The sputum sample submitted to the lab is bloody with orange-brown flecks. Preliminary TB tests are negative. Which of the following parasites may be suspected?
- Paragonimus westermani
-Ascaris lumbricoides
-Fasciolopsis buski
-Schistosoma japonicum
Definition
Paragonimus westermani
Term
How long must a person wait to donate blood or can they donate blood if they have had Babesiosis?
Definition
Indefinite
Term
What is the process of removing an antibody from the red blood cell membrane called?
Definition
Elution
Term
How long must a person wait to donate blood or can they donate blood if they have had malaria?
Definition
3 years
Term
A 65-year old man has been diagnosed with prostate cancer and is being prepared for radiation therapy. His physician is concerned that the cancer may have metastasized to the man's skeletal system. Which laboratory analyte would give this information to the physician?
Definition
Alkaline phosphatase
Term
All of the following are goals of an exchange transfusion reaction except:
-Restore platelet count
-Remove high levels of maternal antibody
-Correct anemia
-Remove high levels of unconjugated bilirubin
Definition
Restore the platelet count
Term
In the disk diffusion method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, what is the standard agar base medium for testing most bacterial organisms?
Definition
Mueller-Hinton agar
Term
Excluding Enterobacteriaceae, name the second most common gram-negative bacilli encountered in clinical specimens.
Definition
Pseudomonas
Term
Which of the following blood group systems has been implicated in transfusion reactions on the first exposure to incompatible red blood cells?
-Rh
-Kell
-ABO
-Kidd
Definition
ABO
Term
Which of the following is normal in patients with pernicious anemia (PA)?
-Stomach acid
-Trypsin levels
-Intrinsic factor
-Absorption of vitamin B12
Definition
Trypsin levels
Term
Functions of the complement system include:
-Host defense against infection, such as chemotaxis
-Clearance of apoptotic cells
-Clearance of immune complexes from the tissues
-None of the above
-All the above
Definition
All the above
Term
Which urine result is most apt to be changed by prolonged exposure to light?
Definition
Bilirubin
Term
Reagents used in gram stain are:
Definition
Crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, safranin
Term
What color do gram-negative organisms stain?
Definition
Pink
Term
Which one of the following serum enzymes produced by the exocrine pancreas is the most specific in a differential diagnosis for detection of acute pancreatitis?
-Amylase
-Gamma-Glutamyl transferase(GGT)
-Lipase
-Pancreatase
Definition
Amylase
Term
At present, the major diagnostic usefulness of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TR-ACP) is in its use in the:
-Diagnosis of liver disease
-Determination of pancreatitis
-Diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma
-Diagnosis of bone cancer
Definition
Diagnosis of bone cancer
Term
Which one of the following enzymes is considered a sensitive marker for chronic alcoholic liver disease?
-ALP
-GGT
-5'-NT
-AST
Definition
ALP
Term
Heart tissue contains which of the following CK isoenzyme fractions?
-MM only
-MB only
-BB only
-MM and MB
Definition
MM and MB
Term
In viral hepatitis, the aminotransaminase enzyme that persists longer is ____, and the most "liver-specific" enzyme is ____.
-ALT; ALT
-AST; ALT
-ALT; AST
-AST; AST
Definition
AST; ALT
Term
The CK isoform that is considered as the most "cardiac-specific" of CK isoenzymes is:
-CK-BB
-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-Only total CK provides relevant results regarding cardiac disease
Definition
CK-MM
Term
A nucleic acid is:
-A base pair
-A nucleotide
-A trinucleotide sequence
-DNA or RNA
Definition
A nucleotide
Term
The spread of cancerous cells to distant sites in the body is referred to as:
Definition
Metastasis
Term
Apoptosis means:
Definition
Programmed cell death
Term
The most important use of tumor marker assessment is:
-Evaluating cancer prognosis
-Cancer diagnosis
-Tumor staging
-Monitoring effectiveness of treatment
Definition
Tumor staging
Term
What microbiology specimens should never be refrigerated?
Definition
Body fluids such as CSF and blood
Term
What organism has umbrella motility?
Definition
Listeria monocytogenes
Term
What organism causes Lyme disease?
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi
Term
What organism causes syphilis?
Definition
Treponema pallidum
Term
What color do gram-positive organisms stain?
Definition
Purple
Term
Thayer-Martin agar plate is used for:
Definition
Isolating Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Term
XLD agar is selective for what species?
Definition
Salmonella and Shigella
Term
3 types of anthrax:
Definition
Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation
Term
In regard to the components of the genetic code, a "codon" is a:
-Sequence of three nucleotides
-Sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein
-Polymeric molecule composed of nucleic acids
-Phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and nitrogen
Definition
Sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein
Term
During replication, the addition of bases occurs:
-In the 5' to 3' direction
-In the 3' to 5' direction
-In both the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' direction
-Only at the methylated end of a DNA strand
Definition
In the 5' to 3' direction
Term
When performing a PCR procedure, what is the best control to run to check for the presence of amplicon?
-Oligo dT control
-dTTP control
-Blank control
- Positive control
Definition
Positive control
Term
Transfer RNA (tRNA):
-Contains the anticodon region that binds to mRNA codon in the ribosome
-Is a macromolecular complex containing ribosomal RNA
-Contains the codon sequence that synthesizes an amino acid
-Is a noncoding RNA
Definition
Contains the codon sequence that synthesizes an amino acid
Term
The rate of DNA migration in a gel electrophoresis is dependent primarily on the:
-Buffer temperature
-Pore size of the gel
-Shape of the DNA molecule
-Size of the genomic DNA
Definition
Size of the genomic DNA
Term
In regard to the components of DNA, a base is:
-Sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein
-A carbon-nitrogen ring
-A polymeric molecule composed of nucleotide subunits
-A phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and nitrogen
Definition
Sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein
Term
A pregnant woman with symptoms of thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss should have which of the following tests performed?
-Epinephrine tolerance test
-Glucose tolerance test
-24 hour urine for protein
-Lactose tolerance test
Definition
Glucose tolerance test
Term
Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be accomplished by measuring:
-Weekly fasting 7 am glucose
-Monthly glucose tolerance test
-Hemoglobin A1C
-2 hour postprandial serum glucose
Definition
Hemoglobin A1C
Term
In an emergency situation, Rh-negative blood is transfused into an Rh-positive patient with the genotype CDe/CDe. The first antibody most likely to develop is:
-Anti-c
-Anti-d
-Anti-e
-Anti-E
Definition
Anti-c
Term
Which of the following groups would be acceptable for anaerobic cultures?
-Vagina, eye
-Ear, leg tissue
-Pleural fluid, brain abscess
-Urine, sputum
Definition
Pleural fluid, brain abscess
Term
A liquid fecal specimen from a 3 month old infant is submitted for microbiological examination. In addition to culture on routine media for Salmonella and Shigella this specimen should be routinely:
-Examined for presence of Entamoeba hartmonni
-Screened for the detection of enterotoxigenic E.coli
-Examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp.
-Placed in Thioglycollate broth to detect Clostridium botulinum
Definition
Examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp.
Term
A patient is observed to have a rise in temperature and chills during a transfusion. The transfusion is stopped, and a post transfusion blood sample is carefully drawn. On receipt of this post reaction sample, the transfusion service should immediately:
Definition
Observe the color of the serum and perform a direct antiglobulin test
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of Kidd system antibodies?
-Usually IgM antibodies
-Corresponding antigens are destroyed by enzymes
-Usually strong and stable during storage
-Often implicated in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions
Definition
Often implicated in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions
Term
Which one of the following is not a requirement for an ideal cardiac marker?
-Specificity
-Sensitivity
-Diagnostic usefulness
-Rapid removal from circulation
Definition
Rapid removal from circulation
Term
Which one of the following metabolic compensatory effects occurs during respiratory acidosis?
-Retention of CO2
-Retention of bicarbonate
-Hypoventilation
-Decreased urinary excretion of acid
Definition
Retention of bicarbonate
Term
The conversion of mRNA nucleotide sequences and their attached amino acids into a peptide is referred to as:
-Replication
-Restriction
-Translation
-Transcription
Definition
Transcription
Term
Which of the following DNA sequences plays an important role in directing the movement of chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division?
-Short tandem repeats
-Centromeres
-Pseudogenes
-Telomeres
Definition
Telomeres
Term
Elevation of ____ indicates pregnancy while an extreme elevation is indicative of a large placental (trophoblastic) tumor.
Definition
hCG
Term
Which one of the following tumor markers is not a carbohydrate-related tumor marker whose most important clinical use is in the assessment of breast cancer recurrence?
-CA 15-3
-CA 549
-CA 125
-CA 27.29
Definition
CA 125
Term
If you were asked by your lab director to set up an enzyme profile for your chemistry analyzer specifically to assess hepatobiliary disease, which one of the following sets of enzymes would be most appropriate?
-Amylase, lipase, GGT
-LD, CK, ALT, AST
-ALT, AST, ALP, GGT
-ALP, GGT, NTP
Definition
LD, CK, ALT, AST
Term
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) exhibits elevated serum levels in many disorders. The disorder in which total LD demonstrates an elevation up to 50 times the upper reference limit is:
-Emphysema
-Megaloblastic anemia
-Myocardial infarction
-Pancreatitis
Definition
Myocardial infarction
Term
Which of the following is the predominant immunoglobulin class for anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
-A1
-A2
-A3
-None of the above
Definition
A1
Term
Following a platelet concentrate transfusion, a patient did not obtain the calculated corrected count increment that was expected. The possible reason this did not occur is the:
-Patient had a fever
-Patient was actively bleeding
-Patient has leukocyte antibodies
-All the above
-None of the above
Definition
All the above
Term
During the donor screening process, the potential donors blood drop sinks to the bottom of the copper sulfate solution within 15 seconds. What is the interpretation of this test?
-The hemoglobin is within limits; however, the hematocrit must be checked
-The donor is temporarily deferred
-The donor has an acceptable hemoglobin and hematocrit to donate
-The specific gravity of the copper sulfate is incorrect
Definition
The donor has an acceptable hemoglobin and hematocrit to donate
Term
On a smear made directly from a finger stick, there were very few or no platelets seen in the counting area of the slide. The first thing to do is:
-Perform a total platelet count
-Examine the edges of the slide
-Request a new specimen
-Make another smear
Definition
Examine the edges of the slide
Term
Which one of the following statements correctly describes a property of an enzyme?
-Enzymes contain an allosteric site to which the substrate binds during a chemical reaction
- Enzymes are protein catalysts that decrease the activation energy of a chemical reaction
-Enzyme activity is not altered by heat denaturation
-Enzymes affect the rate of a chemical reaction by being altered to fit into the active site of a substrate
Definition
Enzymes are protein catalysts that decrease the activation energy of a chemical reaction
Term
A specimen is received in a green top tube (heparin) with a request for alkaline phosphatase analysis. The plasma is separated and the test is performed. How will this specimen type affect the ALP results?
-The effect is unknown
-Results will be falsely increased
-Results will be falsely decreased
- There will be no effect as this is an acceptable specimen for this test
Definition
There will be no effect as this is an acceptable specimen for this test
Term
The phase of the agglutination reaction is important in the interpretation of the antibody screen or antibody identification panel because it:
-Determines whether an autoantibody is present
- Indicates the class of the antibody
-Determines whether there is a delayed transfusion reaction
-Provides clues on antibody dosage
Definition
Indicates the class of the antibody
Term
What would an individual with Cushing syndrome tend to exhibit?
-Normal blood glucose levels
-Type 2 diabetes
-Hyperglycemia
-Hypoglycemia
Definition
Hyperglycemia
Term
What does hydrolysis of sucrose yield?
Definition
Glucose and fructose
Term
Is starch a mono-, di-, or polysaccharide?
Definition
Polysaccharide
Term
The glucose concentration in fasting whole blood is (less than, more than, equal to) the concentration in plasma or serum?
Definition
Less than
Term
Which of the following statements may be associated with the activity of insulin?
- Stimulates glycogenesis in the liver
-Stimulates release of hepatic glucose into the blood
-Decreases glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells
-Increased blood glucose levels
Definition
Stimulates glycogenesis in the liver
Term
In what form is glucose stored in muscle and liver?
Definition
Glycogen
Term
What does glycolysis mean?
Definition
Conversion of glucose to pyruvate
Term
What is the renal threshold for glucose?
Definition
160-180mg/dL
Term
What is the end product of purine catabolism in humans?
Definition
Uric acid
Term
Which of the following hormones does not promote am increase in blood glucose levels?
-Growth hormone
-Insulin
-Glucagon
-Cortisol
Definition
Insulin
Term
T cells are incapable of:
-Collaborating with B cells in antibody responses
-Secretion of cytokines
-Secretion of immunoglobulins
-Producing positive skin tests
Definition
Secretion of immunoglobulins
Term
The mediator that is released during T-cell activation:
-Immunoglobulins
-Thymosin
-Serotonin
-Cytokines
Definition
Cytokines
Term
Cleaved as a result of activation of the classical complement pathway:
-Properdin factor B
-Clq
-C4
-C3b
Definition
C4
Term
Macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria is enhanced by:
-Antigen
-Opsonin
-Hapten
-Secretory piece
Definition
Opsonin
Term
Humoral antibodies are produced by:
-Macrophages
-T lymphocytes
-B lymphocytes
-Neutrophils
Definition
B lymphocytes
Term
After a penicillin injection, a patient rapidly develops respiratory distress, vomiting and hives. This reaction is primarily mediated by:
-IgG
-IgA
-IgM
-IgE
Definition
IgE
Term
The immunoglobulin class that is associated with a secretory component (transport piece):
-IgA
-IgD
-IgE
-IgG
Definition
IgA
Term
The immunoglobulin class that is the most efficient at agglutination:
-IgG
-IgA
-IgM
-IgE
Definition
IgM
Term
The J-chain is associated with:
-IgA
-IgG
-IgE
-IgD
Definition
IgA
Term
Antibodies are produced by:
-Killer cells
-Marrow stem cells
-Mast cells
-B cells
Definition
B cells
Term
Cells that are precursors of plasma cells and also produce immunoglobulins are:
-Macrophages
-B lymphocytes
-T lymphocytes
-Monocytes
Definition
B lymphocytes
Term
A treponemal test:
-RST
-FTA-ABS
-RPR
-VDRL
Definition
FTA-ABS
Term
The expected colony count in a suprapubic urine from a healthy individual is:
-0 CFU/mL
-100 CFU/mL
-1,000 CFU/mL
-100,000 CFU/mL
Definition
0 CFU/mL
Term
A penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae produces:
-Alpha-hemolysin
-Beta-lactamase
-Enterotoxin
-Coagulase
Definition
Beta-lactamase
Term
The most sensitive substrate for the detection of beta-lactamase is:
-Penicillin
-Ampicillin
-Cefoxitin
-Nitrocefin
Definition
Nitrocefin
Term
The type of microscope that would be most useful in examining viruses and the structure of microbial cells:
-Electron
-Dark-field
-Phase-contrast
-Bright-field
Definition
Electron
Term
An antibiotic used to suppress or kill contaminating fungi in media is:
-Penicillin
-Cycloheximide
-Streptomycin
-Amphotericin B
Definition
Cycloheximide
Term
A medium that aids in the presumptive identification of organisms based on their appearance on the medium is called:
-Enriched
-Selective
-Differential
-Specialized
Definition
Differential
Term
An antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis is:
-Chloramphenicol
-Penicillin
-Colistin
-Sulfamethoxazole
Definition
Penicillin
Term
Must be incubated in a microaerophilic environment for optimal recovery of the organism:
-Campylobacter jejuni
-Escherichia coli
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-Proteus mirabilis
Definition
Campylobacter jejuni
Term
Where is heme produced?
Definition
Red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow
Term
Maturation sequence of granulocytes starting with the youngest:
Definition
myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band, segmented
Term
A sperm specimen is diluted with sodium bicarbonate and formalin before counting to:
Definition
Immobilize and preserve the sperm
Term
Bence Jones proteins are:
-Immunoglobulin catabolic fragments in the urine
-Whole immunoglobulins in the urine
-Monoclonal light chains
-Fab fragments of a monoclonal protein
Definition
Monoclonal light chains
Term
The immunoglobulin class typically found to be present in saliva, tears and other secretions is:
-IgG
-IgM
-IgD
-IgA
Definition
IgA
Term
The immunoglobulin class associated with immediate hypersensitivity or atopic reactions is:
-IgA
-IgM
-IgD
-IgE
Definition
IgE
Term
The strength of a visible reaction is known as:
-Prozone reaction
-Absorption
-Avidity
-Elution
Definition
Avidity
Term
Increased CSF lactate is found in:
-Bacterial meningitis
-Reye encephalopathy
-Spina bifida
-Multiple sclerosis
Definition
Bacterial meningitis
Term
Decreased CSF protein can be found in:
-Meningitis
-Hemorrhage
-Multiple sclerosis
-CSF leakage
Definition
CSF leakage
Term
Chemical used in the sedimentation concentration technique for parasitology:
Definition
Formalin acetate
Term
Oral anticoagulation is based on:
-Increasing plasminogen
-Vitamin K antagonism
-Activating plasmin
-Combining with antithrombin
Definition
Vitamin K antagonism
Term
Early, consistent, and specific finding in megaloblastic anemia:
Definition
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Term
Psittacosis is transmissible to man via contact with:
Definition
Birds
Term
Rouleaux of red cells, when seen in the monolayer of a blood smear is characteristic of:
Definition
Multiple myeloma
Term
In the small intestine, ____ is emulsified by bile acids to form micelles.
Definition
Cholesterol
Term
What form of leukemia is associated with the best prognosis for a cure for children?
Definition
ALL
Term
The creatinine clearance is reported in:
-mg/dL
-mg/24 hours
-mL/min
-mL/24 hours
Definition
mL/min
Term
MacConkey media for screening suspected cases of hemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7 must contain:
Definition
Sorbitol
Term
The gram-negative bacilli that ferments glucose:
-Alcaligenes faecalis
-Pseudomonas cepacia
-Acinetobacter lwoffzi
-Yersinia enterocolitica
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
A beta-hemolytic streptococci that is bacitracin-sensitive and CAMP-negative is:
-Group B
-Group A
-Beta-hemolytic, not group A, B, or D
-Beta-hemolytic, group D
Definition
Group A
Term
A beta-hemolytic streptococcus that is bacitracin-resistant and CAMP-positive is:
-Group A or B
-Group A
-Group B
-Beta-hemolytic, group D
Definition
Group B
Term
The organism most commonly associated with neonatal purulent meningitis is:
-Neisseria meningitidis
-Streptococcus pneumoniae
-Haemophilus influenzae
- Group B streptococci
Definition
Group B streptococci
Term
The genera that include anaerobic gram-negative nonsporulating bacilli:
- Bacteroides
-Brucella
-Pasteurella
-Actinomyces
Definition
Bacteroides
Term
Urine that develops a port wine color after standing may contain:
Definition
Porphyrins
Term
Milky urine from a 24 year old woman would most likely contain:
Definition
Many white blood cells
Term
A brown-black urine would most likely contain:
Definition
Melanin
Term
Urine osmolality is related to:
Definition
Specific gravity
Term
A turbid cerebrospinal fluid is most commonly caused by increased:
Definition
White blood cells
Term
Antidiuretic hormone regulates the reabsorption of:
Definition
Water
Term
Cessation of urine flow is defined as:
Definition
Anuria
Term
A strict anaerobe that produces terminal spores is:
-Clostridium tetani
-Corynebacterium perfringens
-Bacillus anthracis
-Eubacterium lentum
Definition
Clostridium tetani
Term
The cast that most frequently appears to have a brittle consistency:
-Hyaline
-Granular
-Waxy
-Fatty
Definition
Waxy
Term
An abnormal crystal described as a hexagonal plate:
Definition
Cystine
Term
The primary component of most urinary calculi is:
Definition
Calcium
Term
After warming, a cloudy urine clears. This is due to the presence of:
-Urates
-WBCs
-Phosphates
-Bacteria
Definition
Urates
Term
The cast that is most likely to be found in healthy people:
Definition
Hyaline
Term
The cast that is most indicative of end stage renal disease:
Definition
Waxy
Term
Ghost red blood cells are seen in urine that is:
Definition
Alkaline and dilute
Term
In most compound light microscopes, the ocular lens has a magnification of:
-10x
-40x
-50x
-100x
Definition
10x
Term
The cell that is most commonly associated with vaginal contamination:
Definition
Squamous epithelial cell
Term
The pH of a urine specimen measures the:
-Free sodium ions
-Free hydrogen ions
-Total acid excretion
-Volatile acids
Definition
Free hydrogen ions
Term
Upon standing at room temperature, a urine pH typically:
-Decreases
-Increases
-Remains the same
-Changes depending on bacterial concentration
Definition
Increases
Term
The reagent that is used to react with ketones in the urine:
-Sodium nitroprusside
-Acetoacetic acid
-Acetone
-Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Definition
-Sodium nitroprusside
Term
Tiny, colorless, dumbbell-shaped crystals were found in an alkaline urine sediment. They most likely are:
Definition
Calcium carbonate
Term
The crystal that may be found in acidic urine:
Definition
Calcium oxalate
Term
The crystal that appears as fine, silky needles:
Definition
Tyrosine
Term
The crystal that is seen in an amber urine with a positive bilirubin:
Definition
Tyrosine
Term
The protein section of the urine reagent strip is most sensitive to:
-Mucoprotein
-Globulin
-Albumin
-Bence Jones protein
Definition
Albumin
Term
All casts typically contain:
-Albumin
-Globulin
-Immunoglobulins G and M
-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
Definition
Tamm-Horsfall protein
Term
A blood donor has the genotype: hh,AB. His red blood cell phenotype is:
-A
-B
-O
-AB
Definition
O
Term
Complement can be inactivated in human serum by heating to ____°C.
-25
-45
-56
-37
Definition
56
Term
Which leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
Definition
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Term
Red urine may be due to:
-Bilirubin
-Excess urobilin
-Myoglobin
-Homogenistic acid
Definition
Myoglobin
Term
The yellow color of urine is primarily due to:
-Urochrome pigment
-Methemoglobin
-Bilirubin
-Myoglobin
Definition
Urochrome pigment
Term
Which leukemia is associated with Auer rods?
Definition
Acute myeloid leukemia
Term
Life span of a platelet:
Definition
9.5 days
Term
Complement can be inactivated in human serum by heating for ____ minutes.
-5
-10
-15
-30
Definition
30
Term
A specimen should be reinactivated when more than ____ hour(s) has/have elapsed since inactivation.
-1
-2
-4
-8
Definition
4
Term
The red cells of a nonsecretor (se/se) will most likely type as:
-Le(a-b-)
-Le(a+b+)
-Le(a+b-)
-Le(a-b+)
Definition
Le(a+b-)
Term
The volume of urine excreted in a 24 hour period by an adult patient was 500mL. This condition would be:
-Anuria
-Oliguria
-Polyuria
-Dysuria
Definition
Oliguria
Term
The reason for performing a Clinitest on a newborns urine is to check for:
-Fructose
-Glucose
-Lactose
-Galactose
Definition
Galactose
Term
A build up of fluid in a body cavity is called:
-An effusion
-A transudate
-An exudate
-Metastasis
Definition
An effusion
Term
The protein component of a lipoprotein is referred to as a(n):
-Terpene
-Apolipoprotein
-Prostaglandin
-Phospholipid
Definition
Apolipoprotein
Term
Hyaline casts are usually found:
-In the center of the coverslip
-Under subdued light
-Under very bright light
-In the supernatant
Definition
Under subdued light
Term
The best medium for culture of Francisella tularensis is:
-Loeffler medium
- Cystine glucose blood agar
-Charcoal selective medium
-Bordet-Gengou medium
Definition
Cystine glucose blood agar
Term
The marker that can be used to identify a body fluid as semen:
-PSA
-Alkaline phosphatase
-Fructose
-Hyaluronic acid
Definition
PSA
Term
The assay that would confirm the immune status to hepatitis B virus:
-HBsAg
-Anti-HBs
-IgM anti-HBcAg
-Hepatitis C Ag
Definition
Anti-HBs
Term
Shigella species characteristically are:
-Nonmotile
-Urease positive
-Oxidase positive
-Lactose fermenters
Definition
Nonmotile
Term
The primary isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires:
-Anaerobic conditions
-Starch media
-Carbon dioxide
-Blood agar
Definition
Carbon dioxide
Term
The Rh antigen that has the highest frequency in Caucasians is:
-D
-E
-c
-e
Definition
e
Term
If the plasma glucose level is 100mg/dL, what is the approximate glucose concentration in the patient's CSF?
Definition
60mg/dL (CSF glucose is 60% of plasma glucose)
Term
At what percent should diabetics maintain their hemoglobin A1C level?
Definition
<7%
Term
In gout, what analyte deposits in joints and other body tissues?
Definition
Uric acid
Term
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is associated with antibody specificity toward:
-Kell system antigens
-Duffy system antigens
-P antigen
-I antigen
Definition
P antigen
Term
The red cell antigens that are found on glycophorin-A:
-M, N
-Le(a), Le(b)
-S, s
-P, P(1), P(k)
Definition
M, N
Term
The antibody in the Lutheran system that is best detected at lower temperatures is:
-Anti-Lu(a)
-Anti-Lu(b)
-Anti-Lu3
-Anti-Lu(ab)
Definition
Anti-Lu(a)
Term
Saliva would neutralize an auto anti-H in the serum of a group A, Le(a-b+) patient that is:
-Group A, Le(a-b-)
-Group A, Le(a+b-)
-Group O, Le(a+b-)
-Group O, Le(a-b+)
Definition
Group O, Le(a-b+)
Term
Inhibition testing can be used to confirm antibody specificity for:
-Anti-M
-Anti-Lu(a)
-Anti-Le(a)
-Anti-Fy(a)
Definition
Anti-Le(a)
Term
Cells of the A3 subgroup will:
-React with dolichos bifiorus
-Be negative with anti-A
- Give a mixed-field reaction with anti-A,B
-Be negative with anti-H
Definition
Give a mixed-field reaction with anti-A,B
Term
Increased LD because of the elevation of LD isoenzymes 1 and 2 is caused by:
-Muscular dystrophy
-Myocardial infarction
-Pancreatitis
-Hepatic damage
Definition
Myocardial infarction
Term
ALT is an enzyme that is most specific for the:
-Heart
-Liver
-Pancreas
-Kidney
Definition
Liver
Term
ALP levels may be increased in:
-Pancreatic disease
-Liver or bone disease
-Kidney or bone disease
-Kidney or liver disease
Definition
Liver or bone disease
Term
T lymphocytes are incapable of functioning as:
-Cytotoxic cells
-Helper cells
-Phagocytic cells
-Regulatory cells
Definition
Phagocytic cells
Term
An important cellular mediator of immune complex tissue injury:
-Basophil
-Neutrophil
-Eosinophil
-Mast cell
Definition
Neutrophil
Term
Cold agglutinin syndrome is associated with an antibody specificity toward:
-Fy:3
-P
-I
-Rh;1
Definition
I
Term
A characteristic of anti-i:
-Often associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Reacts best at room temperature or 4°C
-Reacts best at 37°C
-Is usually IgG
Definition
Reacts best at room temperature or 4°C
Term
The shelf-life of whole blood collected in CPDA-1 is:
-7 days
-28 days
-35 days
-48 days
Definition
35 days
Term
Enterococcus faecium is:
-Motile
-Often Vancomycin resistant
-Susceptible to the aminoglycosides
-Arabinose negative
Definition
Often Vancomycin resistant
Term
Which of the following is used as an indicator of inflammation?
-C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
-RPR
-Complement
-Alpha fetoprotein
Definition
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Term
Common colds are MOST often associated with which agent?
Definition
Rhinovirus
Term
Beta-lactam antibiotics interfere with cell wall synthesis by:
-Binding with a transpeptidase
-Preventing the final stage of peptidoglycan synthesis
-Interfering with PBPs
-All of the above
-None of the above
Definition
All of the above
Term
Which of the following methods would be used to confirm the presence of Bence-Jones protein in the urine:
-Urine protein electrophoresis
-Sulfosalicylic acid
-Isoelectric focusing
-Immunofixation
Definition
Immunofixation
Term
Anti-H:
-Does not react with group O cells
-Reacts more strongly with A1 cells than with O cells
-Never reacts with group A cells
-Reacts more strongly with group A2 cells than with group A1 cells
Definition
Reacts more strongly with group A2 cells than with group A1 cells
Term
The use of the direct antiglobulin test is indicated in all the following except:
-Transfusion reactions
-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
-Hemolytic disease of the newborn
-Detection of alloantibodies in serum
Definition
Detection of alloantibodies in serum
Term
Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated in the liver with which of the following substances to become water soluble?
-Glycogen
-Glucose oxidase
-Glucuronic acid
-Glycine
Definition
Glucuronic acid
Term
What sero-marker is the first marker to become positive in Hepatitis B and is associated with the infective stage?
-HBc antibody
-HBc total
-HBs antigen
-Hbs antibody
-Hbe antigen
Definition
HBs antigen
Term
Analytical sensitivity of a method generally refers to:
-Its ability to measure only what is being assayed
-Its ability to measure high concentrations of analytes
-It not being affected by interfering substances
-Its ability to measure low concentrations of analytes
Definition
Its ability to measure low concentrations of analytes
Term
When two consecutive controls are greater than ± 2 SD units from the mean, what should you do first?
-Recalibrate, then repeat controls followed by patient specimen results if QC is acceptable
-Repeat the controls before taking any corrective action
-Shut down the equipment and call service
-Prepare fresh standard and recalibrate
Definition
Recalibrate, then repeat controls followed by patient specimen results if QC is acceptable
Term
What are fires called that involve combustible materials such as paper, wood, or cloth?
-Class A
-Class B
-Class C
-Class D
Definition
Class A
Term
Patient M.M. was admitted to the hospital with acute bleeding. Anti-E was detected in the patients serum. Four E-negative units of blood were crossmatched for the patient. The units were compatible at immediate spin and following the antiglobulin test. After the antiglobulin test was performed, IgG sensitized red cells gave a 2+ agglutination reaction. The proper interpretation of this reaction is:
-IgG-sensitized red cells spontaneously agglutinated
- Antihuman globulin washing procedure was adequate
-Crossmatch was incompatible
-Patients anti-E reacted with the IgG-sensitized red cells
Definition
Antihuman globulin washing procedure was adequate
Term
A dilution is:
-Ratio of volume or number of parts of the substance to be diluted in the total volume, or parts, of the final solution
-Frequently used measure in serologic testing
- Indication of relative concentration
-All the above
-None of the above
Definition
Indication of relative concentration
Term
Serum for detection of antibodies should be drawn during the:
-Acute phase of illness only
- Acute and convalescent phases of illness
-Convalescent phase of illness only
-Acute and convalescent phases, as well as 6 months after an illness
Definition
Acute and convalescent phases of illness
Term
A central concept of serologic testing is:
-Antigen-antibody interaction
-Determination of antibody comparison
- Determination of antigen titer
-Rise in antibody titer
Definition
Determination of antigen titer
Term
The normal glomerular filtration rate is:
-1mL/min
- 120mL/min
-660mL/min
-1,200mL/min
Definition
120mL/min
Term
Normal urine primarily consists of:
-Water, protein, and sodium
-Water, urea, and protein
- Water, urea, and sodium chloride
-Water, urea, and bilirubin
Definition
Water, urea, and sodium chloride
Term
In regard to replication, the "parent" strand of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA):
-Is completely excised by exonuclease enzymes when replication of the strand is complete
-Is also referred to as the "leading" strand
- Has a sequence that is complementary to the daughter strand being replicated
-Will be copied by DNA polymerase I to form a new daughter DNA strand
Definition
Has a sequence that is complementary to the daughter strand being replicated
Term
A urines specific gravity is directly proportional to its:
-Turbidity
- Dissolved solids
-Sugar content
-Salt content
Definition
Dissolved solids
Term
Can give false-negative urine protein reading:
-Heavy mucus
-Presence of blood
-Contamination with vaginal discharge
- Very dilute urine
Definition
Very dilute urine
Term
Clue cells are a form of:
- Squamous epithelial cell
-Urothelial cell
-White blood cell
-Renal tubular epithelial cell
Definition
Squamous epithelial cell
Term
The possibility of detecting glitter cells is associated with urine that is:
-Alkaline
-Dilute
-Concentrated
-Acidic
Definition
Dilute
Term
The cell that is most likely to be seen in the urine sediment following a catheterization procedure:
-White blood cell
- Urothelial cell
-Renal tubular epithelial cell
-Squamous epithelial cell
Definition
Urothelial cell
Term
A reagent strip test for blood has been reported positive. Microscopic examination fails to yield red blood cells. This patients condition can be called:
-Oliguria
- Hemoglobinuria
-Hemosiderinuria
-Hematuria
Definition
Hemoglobinuria
Term
The primary reagent in the copper reduction tablet:
-Sodium carbonate
- Copper sulfate
-Glucose oxidase
-Polymerized diazonium salt
Definition
Copper sulfate
Term
The best way to lower the light intensity of the microscope is to:
-Lower the condenser
-Raise the condenser
- Lower the rheostat
-Adjust the aperture diaphragm
Definition
Lower the rheostat
Term
Oval fat bodies are:
-Free-floating fat droplets
- Renal tubular epithelial cells that contain lipids
-White blood cells with phagocytized lipids
-Squamous epithelial cells that contain lipids
Definition
Renal tubular epithelial cells that contain lipids
Term
Glitter cells are a microscopic finding of:
- Red blood cells in hypertonic urine
- Red blood cells in hypotonic urine
- White blood cells in hypertonic urine
- White blood cells in hypotonic urine
Definition
White blood cells in hypotonic urine
Term
Urine reagent strips should be stored in a(n):
-Refrigerator
-Incubator
- Cool dry area
-Open jar exposed to air
Definition
Cool dry area
Term
Routine screening of urine samples for glycosuria is performed primarily to detect:
-Glucose
-Galactose
-Bilirubin
-Ketones
Definition
Glucose
Term
Most useful in establishing a diagnosis in the convalescence phase of a viral infection:
-Shell vial
- Serological techniques
-Culture on McCoy media
-Slide culture
Definition
Serological techniques
Term
The normal renal threshold for glucose in the adult is approximately:
-50mg/dL (2.8mmol/L)
- 100mg/dL (5.5mmol/L)
- 160mg/dL (8.8mmol/L)
-300mg/dL (16.5mmol/L)
Definition
160mg/dL (8.8mmol/L)
Term
A patient has glucosuria, hyperglycemia and polyuria. These findings are most consistent with:
-Renal glucosuria
- Diabetes mellitus
-Emotional stress
-Eating a heavy meal
Definition
Diabetes mellitus
Term
The component that is present in serum but not present in the glomerular filtrate:
-Urea
-Glucose
-Amino acids
- Large molecular weight proteins
Definition
Large molecular weight proteins
Term
Polyuria is usually correlated with:
- Acute glomerulonephritis
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hepatitis
-Tubular damage
Definition
Acute glomerulonephritis
Term
Cholesterol crystals will most likely be observed in urine that contains:
-3+ glucose
-4+ protein
-WBC casts
-Triple phosphate crystals
Definition
4+ protein
Term
Polarized light can often be used to differentiate between:
- Fibers and mucus clumps
-Hyaline and waxy casts
-Squamous and transitional epithelial cells
-Red blood cells and white blood cells
Definition
Fibers and mucus clumps
Term
The contaminant that has a dimpled center and will polarize:
-Starch
-Oil droplets
-Pollen grains
-Air bubbles
Definition
Starch
Term
The media that can be used to culture Campylobacter jejuni:
- Skirrow medium
-CIN agar
-Anaerobic CNA agar
-Bismuth sulfite
Definition
Skirrow medium
Term
An abdominal fluid is submitted from surgery. The physician wants to determine if this fluid could be urine. The tech should:
-Test for protein, glucose and pH
-Smell the fluid
- Test for urea and creatinine
-Perform a culture
Definition
Test for urea and creatinine
Term
Ketones in urine are due to:
-Complete utilization of fatty acids
-High carbohydrate diets
- Incomplete fat metabolism
-Renal tubular dysfunction
Definition
Incomplete fat metabolism
Term
Reagent strip tests for ketones measure primarily:
-Acetone
- Acetoacetic acid
-Cholesterol
-Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Definition
Acetoacetic acid
Term
Bilirubinuria may be associated with:
-Strenuous exercise
-Increased destruction of platelets
- Viral hepatitis
-Hemolytic anemia
Definition
Viral hepatitis
Term
The chromogen for the fecal occult blood test is:
- Gum guaiac
-NADH
-O-toluidine
-P-aminocinnamaldehyde
Definition
Gum guaiac
Term
The correct storage temperature for the component listed:
-Cryoprecipitated AHF, 4°C
-Red Blood Cells, Frozen, -40°C
- Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP), -20°C
-Platelets, 37°C
Definition
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP), -20°C
Term
When platelets are stored on a rotator set on an open bench top, the ambient air temperature must be recorded:
-Once a day
-Twice a day
-Every 4 hours
-Every hour
Definition
Every 4 hours
Term
The optimum storage temperature for Red Blood Cells, Frozen is:
- -80°C
- -20°C
- -12°C
-4°C
Definition
-80°C
Term
Cryoprecipitated AHF, if maintained in the frozen state at -18°C or below, has a shelf life of:
-42 days
-6 months
-12 months
-36 months
Definition
12 months
Term
Hives and itching are symptoms of the transfusion reaction:
-Febrile
-Allergic
-Bacterial
-Circulatory overload
Definition
Allergic
Term
Fever and chills ate symptoms of the transfusion reaction:
-Citrate toxicity
-Circulatory overload
-Allergic
-Febrile
Definition
Febrile
Term
Hypotension, nausea, flushing, fever and chills are symptoms of the transfusion reaction:
-Allergic
-Circulatory overload
- Hemolytic
-Anaphylactic
Definition
Hemolytic
Term
The most serious hemolytic transfusion reactions are due to incompatibility in the blood group system:
-ABO
-Rh
-MN
-Duffy
Definition
ABO
Term
Severe intravascular hemolysis is most likely caused by antibodies of the blood group system:
-ABO
-Rh
-Kell
-Duffy
Definition
ABO
Term
A trauma patient who has just received ten units of blood may develop:
-Anemia
-Leukocytosis
-Polycythemia
- Thrombocytopenia
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Term
The Rapid Plasma Reagin test:
- Is useful in screening for syphilis
-Is useful in diagnosing syphilis
-Does not give false-positives
-Uses heated plasma
Definition
Is useful in screening for syphilis
Term
The Kell (K1) antigen is:
-Absent from the red cells of neonates
- Strongly immunogenic
-Destroyed by enzymes
-Has a frequency of 50% in the random population
Definition
Strongly immunogenic
Term
Proteolytic enzyme treatment of red cells usually destroy the antigen:
-Jk(a)
-E
- Fy(a)
-k
Definition
Fy(a)
Term
Platelets prepared in a polyolefin type container, stored at 22-24°C in 50mL of plasma, and gently agitated can be used up to:
-24 hours
-48 hours
-3 days
-5 days
Definition
5 days
Term
Cryoprecipitated AHF must be transfused within what period of time following thawing and pooling:
-4 hours
-8 hours
-12 hours
-24 hours
Definition
4 hours
Term
If the seal is entered on a unit of red blood cells stored at 1°C to 6°C, what is the maximum allowable storage period, in hours:
-4
-6
-24
-48
Definition
24
Term
Treatment of IgG with papain results in how many fragments from each immunoglobulin molecule:
-2
-3
-4
-5
Definition
3
Term
The key structural difference that distinguishes immunoglobulin subclasses is the:
-Number of domains
-Stereometry of the hypervariable region
- The sequence of the constant regions
-Covalent linkage of the light chains
Definition
The sequence of the constant regions
Term
The immunoglobulin that is present in the highest concentration in normal human serum:
-IgM
-IgG
-IgA
-IgE
Definition
IgG
Term
The statement about immunoglobulins that is true:
-There are only 2 subclasses of IgG
-IgA class is determined by the gamma heavy chain
- IgA class exists as serum and secretory molecules
-Immunoglobulins are produced by T lymphocytes
Definition
IgA class exists as serum and secretory molecules
Term
The IgG subclass that is most efficient at crossing the placenta:
-IgG1
- IgG2
- IgG3
- IgG4
Definition
IgG1
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