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AMS
AMS Note Cards
146
Music
Undergraduate 4
10/10/2011

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Term
3 forms of particle motion?
Definition
Cylindrical
Transverse
Longitudinal
Term
Formula to calculate speed of sound knowing only the temperature?
Definition
c = 49√(459.4 + degrees F)
Term
How does temp affect speed of sound?
Definition
Temp increases, so does speed of sound
Temp decreases, so does speed of sound
Term
What is wavelength?
Definition
The distance a wave travels to complete one cycle
Term
How do you calculate wavelength?
Definition
λ = 1130/Hz
Term
How do you calculate octave relationships?
Definition
2:1 ratio
Doubling of halving
Term
How do you calculate harmonics?
Definition
Multipliers of the fundamental
Term
Formula to calculate a range of octaves?
Definition
2^n = ƒH/ƒL
Term
EASE was developed by?
Definition
Wolfgang Anhert
Term
Types of room input methods other than vertex by vertex?
Definition
Extrude
Insert 3D shape
Load a prototype
Term
5 types of 3D shapes you can insert?
Definition
Cylinder
Cuboid
Cupola
Cone
Pyramid
Term
Interior surfaces are what color?
Definition
Yellow
Term
Save & Apply hotkey?
Definition
F6
Term
Most rooms modeled in negative axis. Why?
Definition
That's the way speakers are facing when inserted
Term
Command for cutting a face into 2 faces?
Definition
Fixed cut
Term
Delete Unattached Vertices hotkey?
Definition
Ctrl+Shift+F12
Term
When adding floor to ceiling columns, you must:
Definition
Is coat of?
Term
What are some of the prototypes available?
Definition
Church
Stadium
Amphitheater
Gothic dome
Tricue
Station
Redoubt
Theater
Shell
Multipurpose
Auditory
Term
Advantages of parametric EQ over graphic EQ?
Definition
Adjustable center frequency
Adjustable bandwidth
Term
What is complimentary EQ?
Definition
Creating the opposite in gain
Matching the bandwidth
Matching the center frequency
Term
What is error in center frequency?
Definition
When the center frequency of the anomaly and the center frequency of the correction do not match
Term
What is error in bandwidth?
Definition
When the bandwidth of the anomaly and the bandwidth of the correction do not match
Term
What is comb filtering?
Definition
Two signals arriving at different times near equal amplitude causing cancellation of linear frequencies
Term
Two independent factors that determine the magnitude and frequency response of comb filtering?
Definition
Time offset
Level offset
Term
Calculate comb filtering?
Definition
f = 1/t
f - frequency spacing
t - time offset in ms

To find 1st null, divide frequency spacing by 2
Term
Why is it called comb filtering?
Definition
On a linear scale, it looks like the bristles of a comb
Term
Actions to reduce comb filtering?
Definition
Delay
Level offset
High pass filters
Term
Why are EQs blamed for poor results when trying to correct comb filtering?
Definition
It is a time problem, it cannot be corrected with frequency
Term
3 applications can SIM 3 be used for?
Definition
Device analysis
Speaker analysis
Room analysis
Term
2 screens in the Freq. Response tab in the Group view?
Definition
Result
Processor/Room
Term
3 windows in the Band Spectrum screen. What is their significance?
Definition
Console
Processor
Microphone

Representing a single branch
Term
How many different modes available?
Definition
Free Run
Single System
Lobe Study
Combined Systems
Show
Mic EQ
Console Check
Mic Compare
Term
2 types of Spectrum Analysis views in SIM 3?
Definition
Band spectrum
Line spectrum
Term
What are the 2 screens shown in the Delay Finder tab?
Definition
Processor amplitude
Room amplitude
Term
Where do you toggle phantom power for SIM 3?
Definition
On the Front Panel tab
Term
Most significant upgrade made to SIM 3 from SIM II?
Definition
Ability to do multi-channel
CD-ROM
Term
What role does the Galileo processor play in SIM 3 multi-channel?
Definition
It acts as the line switcher/processor in the SIM branch
Term
What function of the Galileo processor can be controlled from SIM 3?
Definition
Switching outputs (muting/un-muting)
Term
How many mics can you input to 1 mic switcher?
Definition
8
Term
Branch Measurement Points?
Definition
Console
Processor
Mike
Term
3 frequency responses in a branch?
Definition
Processor
Speaker + room
Result
Term
What does LONAXN mean?
Definition
Left, On Axis, Near
Term
ROFFAXF?
Definition
Right, Off Axis, Far
Term
2 variables for a primary mic placement?
Definition
+/- 10º On axis
Center of listening area
Term
What is an inverted processor?
Definition
An upside down EQ
A cut looks like a boost
A boost looks like a cut
Term
What is Single System?
Definition
You are measuring one system at a time, the other systems are muted
Term
What is Lobe Study?
Definition
The primary system you are studying is muted and you are looking at other systems interacting
Term
7 steps to analyze a stereo system?
Definition
1. Preliminary preparations
2. Interfacing SIM with the sound system
3. Initial testing
4. Testing for harmonic distortion
5. Finding the delay offset
6. Initial EQ
7. Adding the systems together
Term
What type of mic is used for acoustic measurement?
Definition
Omni-directional
Term
What happens when a measurement mic is angled 90º from the source?
Definition
At 5kHz and above it starts to roll off
Term
Where should secondary mic be placed?
Definition
Anywhere in the listening area
Term
Typically, where should we not place the measurement mic?
Definition
Near walls or pillars
Exact center of rooms
In the aisles (except in some line array situations)
Term
When should we use sitting height for the measurement mic position?
Definition
In recording studios & for front fills
Term
Why does Auto-EQ not work?
Definition
Because it's blind
Term
What are the initial EQ considerations in a studio?
Definition
The sweet spot must be wide enough for both ears
Pay close attention to the S/N or Coh
Only EQ for Low Q problems, don't worry so much about the High Q issues
Term
Which company manufactures the Galileo?
Definition
Meyer Sound
Term
Name of the software used with the Galileo?
Definition
Compass
Term
What kind of cable is used to connect Galileo to the measurement system?
Definition
SIM BUSS cable
Term
Main reasons for sound system measurement?
Definition
Maintenance
Legal
Artistic
Term
5 basic test signals
Definition
White Noise
Pink Noise
Broadband Pulse
Shaped Noise
Sine Waves
Term
What is white noise?
Definition
Equal energy/frequency
Term
What is pink noise?
Definition
Equal energy/octave
Term
2 most common weighting curves for SPL meters?
Definition
A & C
Term
Dimension RTA is missing?
Definition
Time
Term
What is Fourier Transform?
Definition
Mathematical calculation converts: (amplitude v. time) into (amplitude v. frequency)
Term
What measurement systems use FFTs?
Definition
SIM
SMAART
Term
What does TEF stand for?
Definition
Time Energy Frequency
Term
What does MLS stand for?
Definition
Maximum Length Sequence
Term
Define polarity.
Definition
A source or signal is either pushing positive or negative
Term
Phase in 4 words?
Definition
Frequency Dependent Time Delay
Term
3 ways to reverse polarity?
Definition
Swap pins 2 & 3 on cable
reverse speaker wiring
Polarity switch or settings (console)
Term
Two signals of equal amplitude at 0º offset will result in?
Definition
6 dB of coupling
Term
Two signals of equal amplitude at 180º offset will result in?
Definition
Full cancellation
Term
Two signals at equal amplitude at 120º offset will result in?
Definition
Neither cancellation or coupling.
Term
Trace angled to the left is:
Definition
Lagging
Term
Trace is angled to the right:
Definition
Leading
Term
Trace angled straight up and down is:
Definition
Wrapping
Term
What applications is SIM 2.0 Lab Mode used for?
Definition
Standalone measurement and research
Term
How do you properly patch for SIM II 2.0 Lab Mode?
Definition
Drawing is still on the board
Term
What are the status panels?
Definition
Information Windows at the Bottom of the Screen
Term
Data rejected means?
Definition
One of the Ports has reached OVERLOAD
Term
2 windows in spectrum mode?
Definition
Reference
Measurement
Term
Dimensions in the Delay Finder screen?
Definition
Relative Amplitude vs. Time
Bottom window 10x magnification of the top window
Term
FIFO stands for?
Definition
First In First Out
Term
Hotkeys for trace offset?
Definition
( + , - ) keys
Term
Hotkey for Pink Noise
Definition
Alt + G
Term
AutoSet Delay hotkey?
Definition
F3
Term
Who developed SMAART?
Definition
Sam Berkow
Term
Who owns & markets SMAART now?
Definition
Rational Acoustics
Term
External hardware needed for SMAART?
Definition
Mic
Sound card (recommended)
Cabling/Adapters
Term
Info that must be entered in Spectrum Measurement Config Window?
Definition
Input
Device
Term
Info to be entered in Transfer Measurement Window?
Definition
The pair of inputs you wish to compare
Term
2 operational modes for SMAART?
Definition
Real time
Impulse response
Term
2 measurement plot types that can be viewed within SMAART's spectrum mode?
Definition
RTA
Spectrograph
Term
2 measurement plot types that can be viewed in SMAART's transfer mode?
Definition
Phase
Magnitude
Term
Hotkey to save trace information?
Definition
Spacebar
Term
Hotkey to turn generator on/off?
Definition
G
Term
What point does SMAART use accumulators rather than FIFO?
Definition
Above 16 averages (1 sec, 2 sec, etc)
Term
What is reverberation?
Definition
Sound that lingers in a room after signal is turned off
Term
What is ITG?
Definition
Initial Time Gap
Term
Who was Wallace C. Sabine?
Definition
Founded field of architectural acoustics
Term
What is RT60?
Definition
The time it take a sound to decay 6 dB
Term
Sabine's classic equation for RT60?
Definition
RT60 = 0.049V/Sa
Term
How to calculate volume?
Definition
Volume = LxWxH
Term
How do you caculate for S?
Definition
Multiply each surface by its two dimensions, then sum the all together
Term
What changes are made to Sabine's equation when calculating for absorption of air?
Definition
Add +4mV to the denominator of the Sabine equation
Term
HVAC?
Definition
Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
Term
Male carrier wave is between?
Definition
200-350Hz
Term
What is normal in presence of noise?
Definition
We involuntarily raise our voices due to the noise level
Term
What does NCB wtand for?
Definition
Balanced Noise Criteria
Term
Who developed NCB charts?
Definition
Dr. Leo Beranek
Term
Recommended NCB for classroom?
Definition
30-40
Term
What is transmission loss?
Definition
The loss of sound pressure through various materials
Term
Residential constructon: Interior walls made of?
Definition
2 x 4's
16" on center
1/2" drywall both sides
Term
How many layers of drywall will provide the greatest value for transmission loss?
Definition
2
Term
Which module shows 3D mapping?
Definition
EYES
Term
What symbol used for Acoustic Probe?
Definition
XYZ Axis man
Term
Frequencies used for calculating RASTI?
Definition
500 HZ & 2 kHz
Term
RASTI stands for?
Definition
Rapid Articulation Speech Transmission Index
Term
%ALcons stands for?
Definition
Percentage of Articulation Loss of Consonants
Term
In EASE, what does C stand for?
Definition
Clarity
Term
What does C7 show?
Definition
Direct/Reverberant ratio
Term
What does C50 show?
Definition
Speech intelligibility
Term
What does C80 show?
Definition
Music intelligibility
Term
Module that demonstrates sound transmission and reflections beings scattered in a room showing SPL loss, orders of reflections and propagation time of signals?
Definition
Ray tracing
Term
Who developed Theory of Time Delay Spectrometry?
Definition
Richard Heyser
Term
Dimensions in an ETC curve?
Definition
Amplitude
Time
Term
TEF gathers data in which domain?
Definition
Frequency
Term
It takes _________ to measure time?
Definition
Frequency
Term
It takes ____________ to measure frequency?
Definition
Time
Term
Formula to calculate time window?
Definition
Bandwidth/Sweep Rate
Term
It may be more convenient to set ________ and __________ and let the computer set sweep rate and bandwidth.
Definition
Resolution
Sweep time
Term
How to calculate reflection from speaker to floor to microphone?
Definition
Pythagorean theorem
Term
Why does TEF use 20microPascals for calibration?
Definition
Threshold of hearing
Term
How does Schroeder Reverse Integration Curve calculate it's data?
Definition
From the right side of the screen back to the direct signal
Term
Which two harmonics seem to do the most damage to the THD?
Definition
3rd
5th
Term
How can floating a panel help instead of mounting it?
Definition
Absorbs more low frequencies
Term
Most home theaters should have an RT60 of ________ sec from 200Hz to 2kHz.
Definition
0.2-0.4
Term
Center speaker should not be more than ______ feet from height of L/R speakers?
Definition
2
Term
Two types of rear surround speakers?
Definition
Dipole
Direct Radiating
Term
Rear surround speakers should be at height of:
Definition
At least 6 feet
Term
Good way to determine subwoofer placement to reduce room modes?
Definition
Response
Term
Range for loudest sounds of a soundtrack?
Definition
105-110dB
Term
Range for quietest background effects on a soundtrack?
Definition
50-55dB
Term
3 companies that made 5.1 Audio Toolkit DVD?
Definition
Goldline
PMI
Dolby
Term
What help is a multiplexer when doing 5.1 systems?
Definition
It allows multiple microphones to achieve "spatial-averaging"
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