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where someone retains citizenship
-people can choose their nationality |
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created in colonial times to create inequality(human concept)
-it’s an assumption of physical characteristics
Johann Blumenbach was the 1st to put hierarchy to race
The Phipps Case-Susan Phipps had a driver’s license that had listed her as black
• Phipps wanted to be declared white
• Louisiana decided her race, not her |
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shared characteristics of people based on factors like shared cultural values(human concept)
Includes nationality, language, religion, & gender roles
it is a background |
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ranking of race through racialization
-Spanish empire was first to start |
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science used to determine racial hierarchy
Starts after Declaration of Independence in America
Led slavery to be used as an excuse to convert slaves to Christianity |
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CaucasianMongolianEthiopiansNative AmericansMalaysians
He thought Caucasians were the purest forms of humanity
Even Thomas Jefferson believed that science should determine hierarchy
Samuel Morton & Josiah Nott helped push ideological racism |
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He did research on skulls
He had skulls imported from all over the world & from different races
He measured the skulls & said that whites had a larger skull than other races
One of his assistants said that the skulls of the other races were so different than those of the whites, that the other races were different species |
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In 1854, he published a book saying that mixing of the races would cause abnormalities
That’s why there should be slaves & slaveholders
Republicans were anti-slavery
Ideological racism practiced in Germany to the fullest extent
Slaveholders support Samuel Morton’s views
Term racism coined in the 1930’s by Germany to continue w/ extermina-tion |
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an act of an individual against members of another race(hate crime)
Ex.)-bombing of churches by Ku Klux Clan |
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laws &customs that are placed in a state or country to promote racism
• Ex.)-slavery was promoted by laws(Jim Crow Laws)
Dominant Group vs. Subordinate group
(W.A.S.P.S)- White Anglo Saxon Protestant
WASPS are the earliest & most numerous group that arrived in America |
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•(1607-1820)
•Main group is English who arrived in colonies
•There are a small number of German immigrants settling in Penn-sylvania & New Jersey
• There are slaves coming into the U.S |
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(1820-1880)•There are more Germans arriving in the U.S.
• There are religious problems in Germany
•There are Irish coming in
•There’s famine & economic problems in Ireland
•Ellis Island received the immigrants
•WASPS passed the immigration laws
•Seen rise of nativism
•Nativism against the Irish
-English believe Irish are drunk & lazy
-The Irish are Catholic & people in the U.S. were Protestant (nativism)
•the Chinese arrive in California
-They arrive b/c of the gold rush
-They stayed to help build railroads
•The 1st laws are passed to halt nativism which leads to Chinese immigration
•Germany quit coming to the New World b/c Germany has be-come its own country
•The Irish stop coming b/c economic conditions get better |
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1880-1920
• The people who come are the eastern Europeans & Italians
• This wave brings the 1st large numbers of Mexican immigrants
• The wave stops during the 1920’s due to new immigration laws |
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1920-present)
• The people coming are the Cubans, Canadians, & the Haitians |
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•Voluntary-immigrants choose to go to the U.S. to start a new life
•Forced-Immigrants move to another land against their will(slaves)
•Economic/Labor-conditions in home are so bad, that immigrants were obligated to move(Irish)
•Displaced Persons-people come to war b/c of war or political regime that they don’t agree with(Cubans) |
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| individual factors that make you leave a country/enter a country |
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what draws an immigrant to a country/area
• Ex.) Eastern Europeans moving to the New World during the 1880’s b/c of their attraction to the cheap good land (pull factor)
• Ex.) Germany moved to the New World b/c of loss of jobs(push fac-tor) |
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the dominant group feel immigrant ethnic groups should give up their culture & traditions and become WASPS
• Only group that was assimilated were the Native Americans(possibly slaves) |
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| groups that mutually interact & give and take from each other’s culture’s & traditions |
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| 3 Philosophies of Nationality, Race, & Ethnicity |
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| Anglo Conformity, Melting Pot, Cultural Pluralism |
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| assimilation immigrants must adopt white culture |
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| all groups have something to contribute to a whole |
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| each group should stay apart and compete |
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White Anglo Saxon Protestants
•Anglo Saxon-2 Germanic tribes who invaded England in the 5th and 6th century A.D
• Names are given to the English
• Protestant-King Henry wanted to get a divorce from his wife, but the church wouldn’t let him. So, King Henry adopted his own church. It became a law that you had to attend the Church of England. |
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| Value family and education most, literacy to read the bible, from S.E. england, very protestant, cold in MA so less disease, went to new world to practice freely and find new land |
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• The migration starts w/ the founding of Boston in 1629
• The 1st English to arrive are the Puritans
• Puritans who moved to Massachusetts Bay are Puritans who are try-ing to get away from the Church of England & found their own church
• Pilgrims are 1st to succeed in 1620 |
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| 1st Wave Migration(Where Did They Come From) |
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• Puritans were from Southeastern region of England.
• Southeastern region was a very Protestant region
• The Pilgrims went to Holland and then the New World when the Pil-grims feared the children would lose their English ways.
• Economic conditions in England were bad
• It was cold in Massachusetts, so Pilgrims came because the cold killed diseases and life expectancy rose |
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| 1st Great Migration(Where Did They Go) |
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• Advantages In Massachusetts:
• Massachusetts economy was diverse
• There were many different jobs for people
• Cold keeps the disease down and life expectancy up
• People have a longer life span than in say Virginia
• Ships uses to aid along in slave trade
• Disadvantages In Massachusetts:
• Cold reduced growing seasons in Massachusetts
• Only small farms can exist in Massachusetts
• Slavery is not widely spread in New England |
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| 1st Great Migration(Who Were They) |
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• Puritans go to New England
• Their church didn’t include the Church of England
• They felt there was too much hierarchy & corruption in the Church of England
• The Puritans go to Massachusetts to worship the way they want to
• The puritans practiced theocracy
• Ministers have an active role in the government
• There’s no separation between church & state
• Rules that guide the colonies are like biblical principles |
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| City on a hill... he was a minister and governor of the colony, created a model Christianity. thought all others should look up to them |
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1641-1672
Takes place in the Chesapeake Bay region
Tobacco gets every immigrants attention
• King Henry gave Catholics Maryland so they could practice their re-ligion.
• Economic conditions are bad during this time |
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| Someone who had no way to get to the New World would be paid for by owners/farmers of the land to come work for them in Virginia |
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| 2nd wave where did they come from |
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• People are mostly from London
• They went to Chesapeake Bay area(Virginia)
• Life expectancy was short
• If you lived long enough, you could make a lot of money
• If you didn’t, you died!
• There were more growing opportunities
• Transportation along bay area to settlements was easy
• Economic opportunity was offered
• Virginia has a longer growing season than Massachusetts
• Soil made for good cash crops
• There was a lot of disease(Malaria & Yellow Fever run rampant)
• Summer was the dying time
• Native Americans didn’t want to give up land, so there were fights for the land
• Virginia was settled by a joint stock company |
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| individuals put money together and promised a dividend by finding gold/silver in Virginia for king of england |
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| 85% indentured servants, 15% songs of Aristocrats (1st son got all, rest were SOL) 1650-law all indentured servants worked till 24 yrs old |
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| no public education, social hierarchy= whites/blacks and whites amount of $ mattered |
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| believed all people were equal, women spoke. combine country gov with theocracy of virginians. 3 county commissions w/5 elections made it hard to get anything done. least amount of tax/laws |
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| one structure more important than family... town was based around church. land owners voted, town councils/selectmen, town meetings, laws were wrote in covenant at church. |
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| base gov on counties. England churches served each county and they were ruled by the rich people. Oligarchies (ppl w/$$) decided the laws. there were courts in each county, 1st colonial legislature |
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| middle class, god rid of extreme classes, most were equal land owners, didnt want ppl with titles such as dukes. also didnt want indentured servants |
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| Rigid hierarchal structure. big differences in class. show respect for the better, bow down to better ppl with money |
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| stratification but as one whole people. all were called friend. equal, dont respect or acknowledge titles such as duke |
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| "ordered liberty" liberty for group was more important than individual. keep ppl together for safety |
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| Liberty as long as slavery is ok. "liberty for whites" |
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| "liberty of conscious" individual liberty for everyone ... aka:bill of rights, first to be anti-slavery |
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| Land bridge, land was cooler making glaciers and water level drop, 10,000 BC East Russians move across for game and are first americans |
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| stone arrowheads found near new mexico, hunted horses, camels, wolly mammoth, turned into hunter/gathers 1,500 BC follow game herds |
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| agriculture reached N.America from central mexico |
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| Utah, Col, Arix, NM - cliff dwellers, had time for other things because no moving for food. 1st successful farmers, build 500+ miles of irrigation, Started trade networks. |
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| 1,250 AD drought = abandoned towns, never used wheel to work or animals. pweblo ppl of new mexico |
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| Mound Builders - 1,400 AD, E. St louis area w/Mississippi River. covered 5 sq miles w/30,000+ ppl next big trade area. burry dead in mounds w/their things. Drought made ppl move in 1450. Believed in Sun God, first to practice sacrifice of ppl. |
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| europeans bring over & change Indian life. helped them hunt, they could now travel to plains/fight war |
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| live on edges of G.P. including N.Texas and up. "bread basket of america" big farmers, hunted buffalo, raided even each other |
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| tribes hated each other and fought, never allied to fight Europeans. |
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| Indian honors / made them brave / no teamwork |
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| counted coup = touch enemy while fighting |
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| tribes were all democratic, all warriors had say/voted. horse made Indian children train for war at young ages |
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| -people of different ethnic groups coming together to practice Quakerism (Germans, Scandinavians, etc.) |
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| why didnt people like the quakers |
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In England, people bowed their hats to the upper class
The Quakers didn’t do it b/c they felt everyone was created equally
The Quakers got beat up
The Puritans used to execute the Quakers |
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