Shared Flashcard Set

Details

American Studies 1620-1860
BHS varone midterm amstuds
80
History
10th Grade
01/17/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Antebellum
Definition

"before war"

JQ adams through Buchanan

1820-1861

revolutions and reforms

Term
revolutions in the antebellum era
Definition

-political

-industrial

-transportation

Term
reforms in antebellum era
Definition

-religious

-healthcare

-prison

-institution (dorthea dix)

-abolition vs gradualism

-education

-womens rights

Term
1607
Definition

Jamestown

first colony

purpose- $$$ for merchantilism

joint stock company

Term
1620
Definition

Pilgrims at plymouth

religous freedom

Church of england= too catholic

Term
english motives for colonization
Definition

1. gold- economic motives

-joint stock companies

-potential trade

2. GOD- religious motives

-wanted to break away from the c.o.e.

3. GLORY

-power in Europe

-power in the americas

Term
joint stock
Definition
pooled investors $$ for big projects no government funding needed
Term
propietary company
Definition
had a kings power, one owner to govern the colony as he wished
Term
Mass bay colony
Definition

separatists- holland- pilgrims (more liberal pigrims)

-from cape cod to plymouth

William Bradford

squanto and the wampanoags

Term

"city upon a hill"

Definition

john winthrop

wanted a model city on a hill for all to look up to

Term
1631 "rogue island"
Definition

roger williams

upset with puritans and wanted religious freedom

Term
Anee Hutchingson
Definition

portmouth RI

religious freedom

Term

Judiciary Act of 1789

Definition

established 13 district courts, three courts of appeal, and the supreme court. John Jay was the first supreme court justice

 

Term

The Virginia plan

-Edmund Randolf

Definition

porposed scratching A.O.C. and creating a new national government with power to tax and make laws

Term

The New Jersey Plan

-Willian Paterson

Definition
modified A.O.C. to make central government stronger and create a single house in which states had equal representation
Term
Connecticut compromise or Great Compromise
Definition

two houses of Congress

-H.O.R depended on population

-Senate- equal representation

Term
3/5 compromise
Definition
for every 5 slaves, 3 were counted towards population for representation and taxation
Term
British Generals
Definition

1. Gage

2. Howe/Burgoyne

3. Clinton

4.Cornwallis

Term
American Generals
Definition

1. Washington

2.Wayne

3.Green

4. Benedict Arnold (TRAITOR)

Term
How did colonists win the war?
Definition

-motivation

-strong support system

-guerilla warfare

-80:20 patriots:loyalists

-aid of French after Saratoga

-outsmarted British

-won crucial battles

-home feild advantage (one enemy)

Term
Treaty of Paris
Definition

-negotiated by John Adams Ben Franklin, John Jay

-Lord North surrenderred for the British

 

Term

Articles of Confederation

Definition

-beginning of government

-Confederation Congress

 

Term
order of congresses
Definition

Continental (before/during am rev)---> Confederation (articles)--->

Philly/Constitutional (Constitution)

Term

Northwest Ordiance

Definition

1787

attempt to expand west

right for free religion

NO SLAVERY

5000- elect officials

60000- apply for statehood

Term
French and Indian War
Definition

british vs. french

on american soil

destroyed the relations with the crown

Term

Grievances towards the crown

Definition

-taxation

-no representation in parliment

-violation of self government

 

Term
methods of resistance
Definition

boycott british goods

printing press

-words out to masses

VIOLENCE

Term

"era of good feelings"

Definition

aftermath of the war of 1812

-harmony was at high point

-only one political party had power

 

Term
Second bank of the US
Definition

John Calhoune + Henry Clay

wanted to propose bank again to monitor national currency

Term
James Otis
Definition
"no taxation without representation"
Term
sons of liberty
Definition

engines behind colonial resistance

first terrorist organization

boston 1775

adams bros, paul revere, john dickenson

Term
Boston Massacre
Definition

march 5th 1770

PROPORGANDA

king street boston

5 dead 6 wounded

ignited FLAME

Term

calming before the storm

Definition

1770-1773

crown repealed townshend acts after the boston massacre

Term
 causes of BOSTON TEA PARTY
Definition

december 1773

boston harbor

east india tea company was in DEBT

colonists refused to buy tea because of boycotts and freedom of choice

 

 

Term
BOSTON TEA PARTY
Definition

december 16th 1773

150 colonists dumped 10000 pounds o tea into boston harbor

cost crown a FORTUNE

ignited FLAME

Term

coercive acts

Definition

1773

response to boston tea party

ment to punish boston and set an example

three acts

1. closed down boston harbor

2. crown will appoint all officials

3. bring in two thousand brit soldiers to maintain order

Term
1st continental congress
Definition

response to coercive acts

first national gov of 13 colonies

philly and each colony came to debate

pats vs loyalists

Term
FCC response to coercive acts
Definition

create militia for defense purposes

military base in concord

 

Term

Paul Revere, William Dawes Sam Prescott

Definition

colonial spies

"The british are coming the british are coming"

 

Term
Lexington
Definition

april 19th 1775

LIGHTED FLAME

british marched to concord and colonist cut them off at lexington

700 brits vs 70 minute men

brit had 1 wounded americans had 8 dead

Term
CONCORD
Definition

marching from lexington to concord

minute men waiting in concord

patriots won... unifed and raised moral

forced 2nd continental congress into session

Term
2nd continental congress
Definition

may 1775

patriots vs loyalists debate

chose loyalists

Term

Olive Branch petition

Definition

want peace

offering loyalty for self government

EPIC FAILURE

Term

Thomas Paine

Definition

wrote common sense

PROPORGANDA

arguement for independence

Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition

Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin John Adams

independence from britain

publically denouncing the king

Term

Continental army

 

Definition

advantages

-home ground

-motivation

-unified cause

-great leadership

disadvantages

-unprepared ill trained

-lack of wealth

-weak weak central govgov

Term
Transportation
Definition

1820s-1830s was the canals and turnpikes

1840s-1850s was raailroads

railroads split country north south

Term
BRITISH ARMY
Definition

ADVANTAGES

-well trained

-had money

-strong govgov

DISADVANTAGES

-foreign territory

-lack of cause

-distance ATLANTIC

Term

intrem period

 

Definition

august- dec 1776

series of small loses

NO MORAL

stravation and freezation

verge of SURRENDER

Term
TRENTON
Definition

christmas eve

SNEAKY

attackay

stops continental army from surrendering

HIGHER MORAL

FUN

Term
SARATOGA
Definition

newyork

1777

convinces france to enter war

strengthened continental army

 

Term
yorktown
Definition

VA

1781

brit decide to invade virgina

cornwallis surrenders on sep 28th

 

Term
A.O.C.
Definition

created by continental congress

1st constitution in history

PORBLEMS

-weak central gov

-economic chaos

 

Term
tasks of the founding fathers
Definition

1. frame a constitution

2. balance government

3. power of politicians- president

4. big state vs little state crises

aka SLAVERY

Term

constitutional convention

Definition

james madison creates VIRGINIA PLAN

3 branches

1. executive

2. legistlative

3.judicial

Term

slavery

Definition
caused sectionalism
Term
Federalism
Definition

principle of shared power allows people of each state to deal with their heeds in their own way while letting the states act together to deal with matter that affect all americans

 

Term
Republicanism
Definition
people elect represntatives and give them the repsonsibility to make laws and conduct government
Term
ratification
Definition

approval of the constitution

-june 21 1788

- 2/3 of states 9 states

NH WAS THE LAST ONE of the 9

ri was the last one to sign

Term
election of 1789
Definition

dangerous because there is no precedent

Term
WHY WASHINGTON IS BAD
Definition

no politcal experiance

no college education

 

Term
WHY WASHINGTON IS GOOD
Definition

leadership skills

WAR HERO

trusted with power

hated partisan politics

Term
foreign policy (washington)
Definition

no entangalling alliances

proclimation of nuetrality

Term
federalists
Definition

alexander hamilton

1. strong federal government

2. ruling population is wealthy and educated

3. nations economy is industrial and federally controlled

4 implied powers

 

Term

D-Rs

 

Definition

thomas jefferson

1. weak central government

2. ruling class is the average man

3. agricultural economy

4. enumerated powers

(strict interpretation)

Term
The Bill of Rights
Definition

10 amendments

1790

rights of a citizen

 

Term
alexander hamiltons financial plan
Definition

1. report on public credit and gov assumes all the state debt

2. report on banking

3. report on manufactures

Term
Opposistion to Hamilton
Definition

SOUTHERNERS though plan favored north

debate over meaning of constitution

Term
Bank of the US
Definition

led to formation of americas modern political parties

federalist= pro bank

dr= anti bank

1791

Term
John Adams
Definition

2nd president

EPIC FAIL

federalist

alien and sedition acts

Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition

DR

virginia

educated and wealthy

hyporcrit---- CONTRIDICTIONS

Term
CONTRIDICTIONS OF JEFFERSON
Definition

1. cut spending but spent 15 million for Louisiana purchase

2. simplicity

3. slaves

(affair with sally hemmingson)

Term

James Madison

Definition

inherited crisis with Britain

WAR OF 1812

 

Term
Non-intercourse Act
Definition

forbade trade with Europe

 

Term
War of 1812
Definition

Madison asked congress for war

 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!