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American History
Final- from civil war
27
History
10th Grade
06/11/2006

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Term
Thaddeus Stevens
Definition
Leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives.
-Identified with outsiders because he was born with a club foot
-spoke for abolition and equal rights for blacks
-wanted blacks to be free
Term
Radical Republicans
Definition
a group of republicans
-wanted abolition of slavery
-wanted blacks to be citizens
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
enforced the Bill of Rights on a state level. said that sttaes cant deprive people of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; states couldnt deny people their rights (like federal gov couldnt under the constitution)
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Definition
Defined all people born in the US (except not taxed Indians) as citizens. listed rights of citizens: can testify in court, own property, etc.
Term
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Definition
Split the Confederate states (except Tennessee) into five military districts, governed by military commanders authorized by Congress. Ten states had to hold conventions, where all adult male citizens would vote (except former confederate leaders) to make new state govs that permitted black voting and ratified Fourteenth Amendment. Congress then said whether states should regain Congressional representation
Term
10% Plan
Definition
Plan made by Lincoln that said that all states that swore loyalty to the Union by a 10% vote. Some people thought that his plan was too lenient, but he didnt want more rigid plans because they would prolong the war
Term
Freedman's Bureau
Definition
Agency made in 1865 to help blacks adjust to being free. sponsored education and administered relief
Term
Black Codes
Definition
passed by states in 1865-66. blacks had to have: annual employment contracts, had to work in alcohol, couldnt move without permission, couldnt own land. many former slave owners took slaves in so they wouldnt be vagrants and blacks got trapped in a sharecropping system
Term
Tenure of Office Act
Definition
Officials appointed with Senat'e consent had to remain in office until Senate appointed a successor--> president couldnt fire them
Term
Andrew Johnson
Definition
Southern democrat, became president after Lincoln was assassinated, wanted to reconstruct by empowering the white middle class (not wealthy people), impeached by the Tenure of Office Act; removed Stanton as secretary of war because he didnt agree with his ideas and wanted to test the senate's will to impeach him. he was impeached, but not found guilty by 2/3 of the senate
Term
Carnegie
Definition
Rich man, thought that wealthy should return money to community in the way of parks/libraries/etc and that poor would benifit more from these things than from getting money (the idea of Gospel of Wealth)
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
1870, gave blacks the right to vote (couldnt deny right to vote based on a person's skin/former enslavement)
Term
Mississippi Plan
Definition
violence, threats, and lynching by Mississippi Democrats to intimidate republicans; 1875
Term
Railroads
Definition
Allowed travel to be faster. first transcontinental railroad completed in 1869, bridged gap between east and west, caused conflicts with native americans b/c it went through their land
Term
AFL
Definition
American Federation of Labor; national organization of trade unions, limited to craftsmen, used strikes and boycotts to improve working conditions, founded in 1886
Term
Socialist Party
Definition
Founded in 1901, believed in socialism: pay by work rather than need
Term
Homestead Strike
Definition
Homestead Steel Mill Plant- owned by Carnegie, stronghold of the AFL. manager (frick) proposed wage cuts, locked out union workers who opposed, replaced workers. hired Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect against strikers, gun battle broke out, 7 Pinkertons and 9 strikers killed, Pinkerton's surrendered, state sent in state militia and the union backed down. no union can stand up to America's industrial Giants
Term
Nativism
Definition
The idea that old american values were superior to those of immigrants
Term
Hull House
Definition
Settlement house founded by Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889 in Chicago. Settlement houses- community centers in slums to help poor people
Term
Booker T Washington
Definition
Former slave, became educator, founded Tuskegee Institute, urged blacks to accept segregation for the time being and work towards economic advancement in his Atlanta Compromise
Term
WEB DuBois
Definition
Black civil rights leader, helped form and run the NAACP, urged blacks to take pride in themselves and their race. wrote many important civil rights things
Term
Plessy vs Ferguson
Definition
Supreme Court case ruling that separate but equal is fair. made segregation in schools legal
Term
Yellow Journalism
Definition
Exaggerating news stories to sway the public to one side or another
Term
U-boats
Definition
Submarines, introduced during World War I, used for sneak attacks on ships, responsible for many ships sinking
Term
Muller vs Oregon
Definition
Supreme Court case in 1908, upheld Oregon law restricting women's work hours because many people believed that women needed special protection because of their roles as mothers
Term
Referendum
Definition
allows voters to petition to put a proposed law on the ballots for people to vote on
Term
Recall
Definition
Allows voters via petition to hold a special election to remove an elected official from office
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