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American History Test 2
"Establishing a Republic"
72
History
Professional
10/21/2010

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Cards

Term
British advantages of Revolutionary War (5)
Definition

1. huge navy and merchant marine

2. Larger and better trained army

3. Larger population

4. economic power

5. Greater Unity

Term
American Advantages of Revolutionary War (7)
Definition

1. Superior military leadership

2. superior allies

3. higher stakes

4. self sufficiency and long coast lines

5. logistical problems encountered by British

6. lack of central city

7. limited goals

Term
What did the 2nd Continental Congress do to encourage the victory of the Revolutionary War? (2)
Definition

1. Created the Continental Army

2. Chose Washington to command the Continental Army

Term
Why was George Washington chosen to command the continental army? (2)
Definition

1. He was a southerner -- The war was not just a concern of New England.

2. He was less likely to steal because he was wealthy.

Term
Why was Howe able to capture Breed's Hill?
Definition
Americans ran out of ammunition.
Term
Why was George Washington able to force the British out of Boston?
Definition
Washington set up cannons at Dorchester Heights facing Breed's Hill.
Term
Why was Morgan's force surrounded at Quebec?
Definition
Becaus Arnold got shot in the leg and ordered Morgan to lead the troops to the rendezvous point. Montgomerty was killed and his troops retreated leaving Morgan and his troops alone.
Term
George III aided to the American Revolution, what were they? (3)
Definition

1. Proclaimed the colonies in rebellion- which meant the rebel leaders would be hanged.

2. He hired Hessians (Barbaric Germans)

3. He tried to incite indian attacks and slave rebellions against Americans.

Term
What were Thomas Paine's arguments in his book Common Sense? (3)
Definition

1. Large America should not revolve around tiny Britain.

2. In order to gain French help, America must declare independence.

3. The new mission for America= spread republicanism.

Term
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
Definition
To explain the reasons why they became independent to the world.
Term
What kind of Federal government did the Articles of Confederation make?
Definition
A weak government. They were scared of a dominating tyraanical leader.
Term
Under the Articles of Confederation, how is each state represented?
Definition
equal representation.
Term
Significance of the 2nd Continental Congress? (2)
Definition

1. Created a national army with Washington in charge.

2. Led to the victory of the Revoultionary War.

Term
Significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill? (2)
Definition

1. led to British evacuation of Boston.

2. Thomas Gage was replaced with William Howe - who made a massive amount of mistakes.

Term
Significance of the Battle of Quebec?
Definition

1. Split British forces

2. Canada remained British, but split British forces which led to Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga.

Term
Significance of Common Sense?
Definition
He sold a bunch of copies which was extremely influential and led to American Independence.
Term
Significance of the Articles of Confederation?
Definition
The 1st American Constitution.
Term
Who were the commanders of the British troops and Patriot troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill?
Definition

British troops- William Howe

American Troops- Artemis Ward

Term
Who led cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to the continental army outside of Bunker hill?
Definition
Henry Knox
Term
Who commanded British and Patriot forces at the Battle of Quebec?
Definition

British- Carleton

American- Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery

Term
Who wrote Common Sense?
Definition
Thomas Paine
Term
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Definition
Thomas Jefferson
Term
Who commanded Hessian and Patriot forces in the Battle of Trenton?
Definition

Hessian Forces- Johann Raal

Patriots- George Washington

Term
Who laid the siege on Fort Stanwix and who lifted the seige?
Definition

laid- British General St. Leger

Lifted- Benedict Arnold

Term
Who were Hessian and Patriot commanders at the Battle of Bennington?
Definition

Hessian- Baum

Patriots- General John Stark

Term
Who commanded British and Patriot forces in the 2nd Battle of Freeman's Farm?
Definition

Patriots- Arnold and Morgan

British- Burgoyne

Term
What American negotiated Treaties of Alliance with France?
Definition
Ben Franklin
Term
Who was Bernardo de Galvez?
Definition
Spanish governor of Louisiana
Term
Who commanded forces in the Battle of Cowpens?
Definition

Patriots- Morgan

British- Tarleton

Term
Who commanded French and British fleets in the Battle of Chesapeake?
Definition

British- Thomas Graves

French- de Grasse

Term
Who commanded at the Battle of Yorktown?
Definition

American- Washington

British- Cornwalis

French- Rochambeau

Term
Who negotiated the Treaty of Paris?
Definition
John Adams, John Jay, and Ben Franklin
Term
How did Washington win the Battle of Trenton?
Definition
Hessians weren't expecting a surprising attack on Christmas night.
Term
How did Arnold delay Carleton at Lake Champlain?
Definition

Built fleet of ships and forced Carleton to do the same

 

Term
How did Arnold lift seige of Fort Stanwix?
Definition
Made St. Leger's indian allies believe that Arnold was coming with a large force, so indians and St. Leger retreated.
Term
How was Schuyler able to delay Burgoyne?
Definition
Destroyed bridges and diverted creeks that were on Burgoyne's path.
Term
Why did Baum attack Bennington?
Definition
It was a Patriot supply depot.
Term
Why was Baum surrounded at Bennington?
Definition
He couldn't speak English, so he thought the patriots were Loyalists and he allowed himself to be surrounded.
Term
How were Arnold and Morgan able to defeat Burgoyne at the 2nd Battle of Freeman's Farm?
Definition
Morgan's riflemen were up in trees and shot officers. Arnold led 3 charges with bayonets to the British.
Term
What event led France to negotiate with America?
Definition
The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga.
Term
What did the Treaties of Alliance with France do?
Definition
Recognized American independence and a defensive alliance including troops and ships.
Term
What did George Rogers Clark do?
Definition
Captured Fort Sackville
Term
What did Bernardo de Galvez do?
Definition
Captured Pensacola and West Florida
Term
How was Morgan able to kill or capture most of Carleton's men at Battle of Cowpens?
Definition
Had lines of riflemen that would shoot when British were in certain spots, the the patriots would retreat in a formal order, reload their guns, and then shoot again without chaos.
Term
Why was France able to remove British ships at Chesapeak?
Definition
British weren't expecting as many French ships so they were outnumbered and the British were led by Thomas Graves and not their good guy, Rodney.
Term
Why did Cornwallis surrender at Yorktown?
Definition
He was surrounded and out of supplies and Knox's artillery had decimated him.
Term
What did the Treaty of Paris do?
Definition
British recognized American independence and set boundaries: Great Lakes, north; Spanish Florida, south; Atlantic Ocean, east; and Mississippi River, west.
Term
Why did Washington's officers mutiny at Newburg?
Definition
Congress had not paid them in a long time.
Term
What did the Newburg mutinies threat?
Definition
Threatened to overthrow government for states to give more power to government
Term
About how many Loyalists were expelled from America?
Definition
50,000
Term
How did the British compromise with the Loyalists?
Definition
Pensions and land grants in Canada.
Term
Significance of the Battle of Trenton?
Definition
Improved Patriot Morale
Term
Significance of Arnold's delay of Carleton, lifting of siege at Fort Stanwix, Battle of Bennington, Schuyler's delay of Burgoyne, and the 2nd Battle of Freeman's Farm?
Definition
They all contributed to Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga.
Term
Treaties of Alliance with France?
Definition
Victory of the war wouldn't have happened without France.
Term
Significance of George Waters Clark?
Definition
Captured Fort Sackville and strengthened American claims to Ohio valley (Northwest)
Term
Significance of Galvez's capture of Pensacola
Definition
Removed British base that was supplying Cherokee Indians
Term
Significance of Battle of Cowpens and Battle of Chesapeake?
Definition
Both led to Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown
Term
Significance of the Battle of Yorktown
Definition
Ended the war
Term
Significance of Newburgn Mutiny?
Definition
Maintained civilian control in military and maintained public trust in the military
Term
Significance of Loyalists Exodus?
Definition
Hleped keep Canada British, removed monarchist forces, and made the country more republican.
Term
What is mixed government?
Definition
Different types of government such as Aristocracy, Democracy, and a Monarchy.
Term
Who created the Mixed Government Theory?
Definition
Plato
Term
Who represented the many, the few, and the one?
Definition
House of Representatives represented the many, the Senate represented the few, and the President represented the one.
Term
Montesquiue stated that there should be three forms of government, what were they?
Definition
Legislative, Judicial, and Executive
Term
What did the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches do?
Definition

Legislative makes the laws and Congress passes them.

Executive branch is headed by the President; he enforces the laws.

Judicial branch interprets the laws through federal court.

Term
Who formulated the Natural law theory?
Definition
Greeks
Term
How did founding fathers incorporate "Theory of Natural Law" into the Constitution?
Definition
Through the Bill of Rights.
Term
What is the Theory of Popular Sovereignty?
Definition
The people that have authority would convert to this government.
Term
Who came up with the theory of popular sovereignty?
Definition
Greeks
Term
Federalists supported what type of government and to what degree?
Definition
Strong Federal government and mixed government.
Term
Republicans supported which type of government and to what degree?
Definition
Weak federal government, democracy being the majority.
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