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Details Title: American Gov. CH 11 Description: Federal Court System Total Flash Cards: 69 Created: 01/15/2004 10:10:50	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Jurisdiction Definition the authority of a court to rule on certian cases Term State Courts Definition have jurisdiction over cases involving state laws Term Fereral Courts Definition have jurisdiction over cases involving federal laws Term Concurrent Jurisdiction Definition cases involving citizens from different states in a dispute concerning at least $50,000 Term Trial Court Definition court inwhich the case is originally tried It has original jurisdicton. Term Original Jurisdiction Definition the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case Term Appellate Jurisdiction Definition authority held by a court to hear a case that is appealed form lower court Term Litigant Definition a person engaged in a lawsuit Term Marbury vs Madison Definition 1. most celebrated decision in AM History 2. Established Judicial Review 3. elevated Sumpreme Court to equal power with the other 2 branches Term Judicial Review Definition the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional Term Due Process Clause Definition 14th Amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property with due process of law Term Plessy v Ferguson Definition 1896 court case that upheld a Lousiana law that required railroads operation within the state to provide separate cars for white and African American passengers. Term "Separate but Equal" doctrine Definition Plessy v Ferguson case established law that if facilities for both sexes are equal, they could be separate. This is called the ... Term Earl Warren Definition Chief Justice who served from 1953 to 1969 He was knowed for protecting civil liberties such as outlawing segregation in the Brown v Board of Ed of Topeka, extended equal protection in voting rights, and fair appointment of representation. He was very aggressive. None of his decisions have been overturned. Term Brown v Board of Education Definition court outlawed segregation in public schools Term District Courts Definition trial courts for both criminal and civil federal courts There are 94 districts and these courts follow state boundary lines. Some states have more than one district. Term Lower Federal Courts Definition 1. Constitutional Courts 2. Legislative Courts Term Constitutional Courts Definition 1. District Courts 2. Grand Jury 3. Indictment 4. Petit jury Term Grand Jury Definition 16 to 23 people who hear the charges against a person suspected of committing a crime. If there is sufficent evedence to bring a person to trial, it issues an indictment. Term Indictment Definition a formal accusation charging a person with a crime. Term Petit Jury Definition is a trail jury consisting of 6-12 people It's fuction is to wieght the eveidence presented at a trial in acriminal or civil case. Term Petit Jury in a Criminal Case Definition renders a verdict of guilty or not guilty Term Petit Jury in a Civil Case Definition finds for the plaintiff or the defendant A judge or a panel of three judges can hear the case if parties to not want a jury Term Plaintiff Definition the person bringing the suit Term Defendant Definition the perosn against whom the suit was brought Term 3 Constituitional Courts Definition 1. Federal District Courts 2. Federal Courts of Appeal 3. US Court of International Trade Term 4 Officers of District Courts Definition 1. US Attorney 2. US Magistrate 3. Bankruptcy Judge 4. US Marshal Term 2 Types of Juries in Crimical cases Definition 1. Grand Jury 2. Petit Jury Term 2 Types of Litigants Definition 1. Plaintiff 2. Defendant Term 3 Kinds of Jurisdiction Definition 1. Original 2. Appellate 3. Concurrent Term US Marshal Definition Carries out 1. Making arrests 2. Securing jurors 3. Keeping order in the courtroom Term US Court of Appeals Definition 1. 12 judicial circuits 2. Appellite jurisdiction Term Judicial Circuits Definition a region containing a US Appellite Court Term 3 Decisions that can be made by US Court of Appeals Definition 1. uphold orginal decision 2. reverse the orginal decision 3. send the case back to the lower court to try again Term Court of International Trade Definition has jursidiction over cases dealing with tariffs Term Legislative Courts Definition helps congress excercise its powers Term US Claims Courts Definition It is a court of orginal jurisdiction that handles claims against the US for money damages. Term US Tax Court Definition hears cases relating to federal taxes when citizens disagree with IRS rulings. Term Court of Military Appeals Definition hears cases involving members of the armed forces convitced of breaking military law Term Territorial Courts Definition court system simular to distric courts for the Virgiin Islands,Guam,N Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico Term District of Columbia Court Definition cases that need to be heard in DC which is a federal district which hears both criminal and civil cases Term 5 Legislative Courts Definition 1. Claims Court 2. Tax Court 3. Court of Military Appeals 4. Territorial Courts 5. D.C. Courts Term Selection of Federal Judges Definition Article II, Section 2 of the constitution provides that the President,with the advice and consent of the senate, appoints all federal judges. Term Senatorial Courtesy Definition President submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the sentors from the canidates's state before formally submitting it for full Senate approval. Term Thurgood Marshall Definition was the 1st African American appointed to the Supreme Court by Lyndon Johnson Term Sandra Day O'Connor Definition was the first female justice to the Supreme Court by Ronald Reagan. Term Supreme Court Definition is a court of last resort in all questions of federal law. Term Riding the Circuit Definition traveling to hold court in their assigned regions of the country. Today all Supreme Court cases are heard in Washington DC Term Duties of the Supreme Court Definition 1. deciding which cases to be heard 2. deciding the case itself 3. determining an explaination for the decision called the court's opinion Term Opinion Definition explaination for the Supreme Court's decision Term Law Clerks Definition 1. Read all the appeals filed 2. Write memos summarizing the key issues in each case 3. Helps to prepare Court's opinion by doing research Term Justice Robert Jackson Definition Chief Prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials Term Justice Earl Warren Definition headed the special commission that investgated the assassination of President Kennedy Term ABA Definition American Bar Association-- largest national organization of attorneys Term Appointing Definition justices reach the Supreme Court through appoinment by the President with Senate appoval Term Other Interest Groups Definition atempt to influence the selection process through their lobbyists or media Term NOW Definition National Organization for Women Term Cheif Justice William Howard Taff Definition led a campaign for the nomination of Pierce Butler Term Sequestered Definition to keep a jury isolated from the public or press Term Gag Order Definition an order by the judge barring the press from publishing certain types of information about a pending court case. Term Shield Laws Definition laws that give reporters some means of protection against being forced to disclose confidential information or sources in state courts Term Federal Communications Commission Definition a government agency that regulates the actions of Radio and TV Term Picketing Definition patrolling an establishment to convince workers and the public not to enter it-by labor unions Term Holocaust Definition the mass extermination of Jews and other groups by the Nazs during World War II Term Heckler's veto Definition free speech and assembly problems that result when unpopular groups assemble Term Proir Restraint Definition government censorship of information before it is published or broadcasted Term Establishment Clause Definition the first clause of the 1st Amendment states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" Term Free Exercise Law Definition government cannot interfer with the Freedom of Religion Term Thomas Jefferson Definition felt that the 1st Amendment builds " wall of separation between Church and State" This has been a controversy for many years.