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American Gov. CH 11
Federal Court System
69
History
Not Applicable
01/15/2004

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Cards

Term
Jurisdiction
Definition
the authority of a court to rule on certian cases
Term
State Courts
Definition
have jurisdiction over cases involving state laws
Term
Fereral Courts
Definition
have jurisdiction over cases involving federal laws
Term
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Definition
cases involving citizens from different states in a dispute concerning at least $50,000
Term
Trial Court
Definition
court inwhich the case is originally tried
It has original jurisdicton.
Term
Original Jurisdiction
Definition
the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case
Term
Appellate Jurisdiction
Definition
authority held by a court to hear a case that is appealed form lower court
Term
Litigant
Definition
a person engaged in a lawsuit
Term
Marbury vs Madison
Definition
1. most celebrated decision in AM History
2. Established Judicial Review
3. elevated Sumpreme Court to equal power with the other 2 branches
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional
Term
Due Process Clause
Definition
14th Amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property with due process of law
Term
Plessy v Ferguson
Definition
1896 court case that upheld a Lousiana law that required railroads operation within the state to provide separate cars for white and African American passengers.
Term
"Separate but Equal" doctrine
Definition
Plessy v Ferguson case established law that if facilities for both sexes are equal, they could be separate. This is called the ...
Term
Earl Warren
Definition
Chief Justice who served from 1953 to 1969 He was knowed for protecting civil liberties such as outlawing segregation in the Brown v Board of Ed of Topeka, extended equal protection in voting rights, and fair appointment of representation. He was very aggressive. None of his decisions have been overturned.
Term
Brown v Board of Education
Definition
court outlawed segregation in public schools
Term
District Courts
Definition
trial courts for both criminal and civil federal courts
There are 94 districts and these courts follow state boundary lines. Some states have more than one district.
Term
Lower Federal Courts
Definition
1. Constitutional Courts
2. Legislative Courts
Term
Constitutional Courts
Definition
1. District Courts
2. Grand Jury
3. Indictment
4. Petit jury
Term
Grand Jury
Definition
16 to 23 people who hear the charges against a person suspected of committing a crime. If there is sufficent evedence to bring a person to trial, it issues an indictment.
Term
Indictment
Definition
a formal accusation charging a person with a crime.
Term
Petit Jury
Definition
is a trail jury consisting of 6-12 people
It's fuction is to wieght the eveidence presented at a trial in acriminal or civil case.
Term
Petit Jury in a Criminal Case
Definition
renders a verdict of guilty or not guilty
Term
Petit Jury in a Civil Case
Definition
finds for the plaintiff or the defendant
A judge or a panel of three judges can hear the case if parties to not want a jury
Term
Plaintiff
Definition
the person bringing the suit
Term
Defendant
Definition
the perosn against whom the suit was brought
Term
3 Constituitional Courts
Definition
1. Federal District Courts
2. Federal Courts of Appeal
3. US Court of International Trade
Term
4 Officers of
District Courts
Definition
1. US Attorney
2. US Magistrate
3. Bankruptcy Judge
4. US Marshal
Term
2 Types of Juries in Crimical cases
Definition
1. Grand Jury
2. Petit Jury
Term
2 Types of Litigants
Definition
1. Plaintiff
2. Defendant
Term
3 Kinds of Jurisdiction
Definition
1. Original
2. Appellate
3. Concurrent
Term
US Marshal
Definition
Carries out
1. Making arrests
2. Securing jurors
3. Keeping order in the courtroom
Term
US Court of Appeals
Definition
1. 12 judicial circuits
2. Appellite jurisdiction
Term
Judicial Circuits
Definition
a region containing a US Appellite Court
Term
3 Decisions that can be made by US Court of Appeals
Definition
1. uphold orginal decision
2. reverse the orginal decision
3. send the case back to the lower court to try again
Term
Court of International Trade
Definition
has jursidiction over cases dealing with tariffs
Term
Legislative Courts
Definition
helps congress excercise its powers
Term
US Claims Courts
Definition
It is a court of orginal jurisdiction that handles claims against the US for money damages.
Term
US Tax Court
Definition
hears cases relating to federal taxes when citizens disagree with IRS rulings.
Term
Court of Military Appeals
Definition
hears cases involving members of the armed forces convitced of breaking military law
Term
Territorial Courts
Definition
court system simular to distric courts for the Virgiin Islands,Guam,N Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico
Term
District of Columbia Court
Definition
cases that need to be heard in DC which is a federal district which hears both criminal and civil cases
Term
5 Legislative Courts
Definition
1. Claims Court
2. Tax Court
3. Court of Military Appeals
4. Territorial Courts
5. D.C. Courts
Term
Selection of Federal Judges
Definition
Article II, Section 2 of the constitution provides that the President,with the advice and consent of the senate, appoints all federal judges.
Term
Senatorial Courtesy
Definition
President submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the sentors from the canidates's state before formally submitting it for full Senate approval.
Term
Thurgood Marshall
Definition
was the 1st African American appointed to the Supreme Court by Lyndon Johnson
Term
Sandra Day O'Connor
Definition
was the first female justice to the Supreme Court by Ronald Reagan.
Term
Supreme Court
Definition
is a court of last resort in all questions of federal law.
Term
Riding the Circuit
Definition
traveling to hold court in their assigned regions of the country.
Today all Supreme Court cases are heard in Washington DC
Term
Duties of the Supreme Court
Definition
1. deciding which cases to be heard
2. deciding the case itself
3. determining an explaination for the decision called the court's opinion
Term
Opinion
Definition
explaination for the Supreme Court's decision
Term
Law Clerks
Definition
1. Read all the appeals filed
2. Write memos summarizing the key issues in each case
3. Helps to prepare Court's opinion by doing research
Term
Justice Robert Jackson
Definition
Chief Prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials
Term
Justice Earl Warren
Definition
headed the special commission that investgated the assassination of President Kennedy
Term
ABA
Definition
American Bar Association-- largest national organization of attorneys
Term
Appointing
Definition
justices reach the Supreme Court through appoinment by the President with Senate appoval
Term
Other Interest Groups
Definition
atempt to influence the selection process through their lobbyists or media
Term
NOW
Definition
National Organization for Women
Term
Cheif Justice William Howard Taff
Definition
led a campaign for the nomination of Pierce Butler
Term
Sequestered
Definition
to keep a jury isolated from the public or press
Term
Gag Order
Definition
an order by the judge barring the press from publishing certain types of information about a pending court case.
Term
Shield Laws
Definition
laws that give reporters some means of protection against being forced to disclose confidential information or sources in state courts
Term
Federal Communications Commission
Definition
a government agency that regulates the actions of Radio and TV
Term
Picketing
Definition
patrolling an establishment to convince workers and the public not to enter it-by labor unions
Term
Holocaust
Definition
the mass extermination of Jews and other groups by the Nazs during World War II
Term
Heckler's veto
Definition
free speech and assembly problems that result when unpopular groups assemble
Term
Proir Restraint
Definition
government censorship of information before it is published or broadcasted
Term
Establishment Clause
Definition
the first clause of the 1st Amendment states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion"
Term
Free Exercise Law
Definition
government cannot interfer with the Freedom of Religion
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
felt that the 1st Amendment builds " wall of separation between Church and State" This has been a controversy for many years.
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