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American Encounters
Old World and New: First Phases of Encounter 1492-1750
18
Art History
Undergraduate 3
10/04/2013

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

The Landing of Christopher Columbus

Woodcuts produced in Italy

 

Natives fleeing Europeans -> superior technology, political power, military might

Nakedness related to the innocence of Adam/Eve. Nobility in the lack of possession.

Vulnerability, lack of traditions/religion

Europeans could project desire for dominance.

Term

The Noble Savage

and

Paradise and Hell


Definition

Europeans had an idea of a new paradise, but were scared of the 'savagness'

(nakedness, free love, cannabolism)

 

Life of liberty and unfettered pleasure, living in moral innocence unknown to jaded Europeans.

Term
[image]
Definition

Vespucci Discovering America,

1600

Theodor Galle


Idea of a new world brought to life by Europeans. (and vulnerable to European advances)

Asking to be conquered.

Renaissance man - scholar, warrior, religious,etc

New world species

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Village of Secoton, 1585

John White


Governor of a colony and self-taught artist.

Sent back studied observational watercolors.

Extenseive body of natural history illustations to encourage investors and settlers.

Orderly, land of plenty

Term
[image]
Definition

Indians Fishing, 1585

John White


Individually draw animals, plants, people, etc.

 

 

Term
De Bry's Great Voyages
Definition
Engraving family who put together 14 volumes of the New World including texts, White's illustrations, etc.
Term
[image]
Definition

Battista Agnese

World Map, 1543-45


Maps were power, espionage between rival powers

Makers intentions = emphasizing vs neglet, altering, inventing

portolan chart - coastlines, harbors, ports of entries


Traced route of the Spanish. Symbolic faces of the faces and trade winds.

Term
[image]
Definition

Theodor De Bry

Map of Virginia

1590

 

Ideology of possession. Coat of arms, no native presence, clarify land ownership.

Prepared adventures and investors alike to see the region as a stage on which to enact dreams of wealth and possession. (Gold in the mountains, etc)

Term
[image]
Definition

Jacques Le Moyne

Rene de Laudonniere and Chief Athore of the Timucua Indians

1564

 

Working relationships and allies. French erected columns to claim land and the natives saw it as a sacred pole from the settlers asking to be allies.  

French took part in their ceremony.

Middle Ground - symbolic tension of ally vs enemy. Two cultures meet.

Term
Syncretism
Definition

melding of two or more different belief systems to form a distinctly different one.

Combining of tribes led to new art motifs.

Settler influence led to melded art motifs for both.

Term
[image]
Definition

Horse Effigy Comb

Iroquois (NY)

1670-87

 

New subject in traditional format. Introduction of horses in NY. Great example of influence of Europeans.

Term
[image]
Definition

Hiawatha Wampum

1789



Documents of importance, mapped different groups in the area bonded together. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Two-Row Wampum


To Dutch from Mohawk, not father/son but brothers down the river together.

Both can stear their own boat. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Hendrink of the Wolf Clan

"One of the Four Indian Kings"

John Verelst

1710

 

Traveled to England, Queen had portraits painted.

State portrait composition, he is holding a wampum belt instead of a tomahawk, indicating his diplomatic nature.

Term
[image]
Definition

Portrait of Sir John Caldwell

Unknown Artist

1785

 

Irish nobleman returned from America dressed in native garb.  

negotiating multiple realms has been an integral part of Native-white interaction since first European contact.

Term
Matachines Dance
Definition

 Renaissance Spanish dance - Moors arriving in Spain, zealish Christianity.

Enact Catholic bishop fighting off Moors.

Now - Montezuma brought into it during Christmas time.

 

Melding of two cultures.

Syncretism

Term
Influence Southwest Architecture
Definition

Adobe - baked clay, North Aftrica to Spain to Mexico

 

Horno - North Africa, international

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Church of San Esteban, Acoma Pueblo

17th Century

 

One of the first missions of the Spanish.

Muslim fortress influence from Spain.

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