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American Colonial History - HIST 3510 - Robins - GSW
Test 1 - Practice Test - COLONIAL VIRGINIA
58
History
Undergraduate 3
02/10/2010

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Term
Who was the most important British?
Definition
Richard Hakluyt
Term
He wrote a number of pamphlets or articles that provided motivations or reasons of explanations as to why Great Britain should establish colonies in the New World.
Definition
Richard Hakluyt
Term
What were the reasons Richard Hakluyt proved for colonization?
Definition
1. To promote Protestant Christianity
2. They are going to expand trade (The colonies would become trading partners)
3. They are going to establish military bases (for possible war with Spain)
4. They are going to discover gold, silver, and other valuable resources
5. A shorter western route to the orient
6. To find an outlet for the growing number of unemployed or underemployed people in Great Britain
Term
The 1st English explorer of note was whom.
Definition
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Term
He was a "Seadog" that went to Queen Elizabeth to receive permission to establish a British colony.
Definition
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Term
What is a SeaDog?
Definition
Another name for pirate
Term
Besides telling Queen Elizabeth that he wanted to establish British colonies, what else did Sir Humphrey Gilbert want to establish?
Definition
Sir Humphrey Gilbert wanted to establish a series of pirate bases to attack Spanish treasure ships.
Term
In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert sailed to what he hoped would be present day Rhode Island, but instead he landed where?
Definition
New Finland
Term
After Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed in New Finland, what did he decide to do?
Definition
He decided to return to England and he was never seen again.
Term
In 1584 he approached Queen Elizabeth about establishing a permanent colony expanding on Sir Humphrey Gilberts mission.
Definition
Sir Walter Raleigh
Term
Sir Walter Raleigh used what was called the _____ to help generate support for his efforts.
Definition
The Black Legend
Term
A British term used to criticize Spanish colonization.
Definition
The Black Legend
Term
True or False. Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to cast the Spanish colonization in a negative light.
Definition
True
Term
What did the Black Legend say about Spanish colonization in the New World?
Definition
It said that it was brutal and to look at all the deaths that they have caused against the Indian tribes
Term
A Raleigh sponsored expedition by John White.
Definition
Roanoke Island
Term
How many members did John White take with him on his expidition to Roanoke Island?
Definition
117 members
Term
After one month, John White left Roanoke Island and returned to England to get more supplies, but he was delayed because of what?
Definition
The Spanish Armada
Term
When John White returned to Roanoke Island from Great Britain with supplies what did he find?
Definition
He found nothing in Roanoke Island. Rumor was that they were possible killed by the Indians. Another rumor suggested they were killed by the Spanish. Another rumor was that they venutured into the interior and were either killed by Indians or joined the Indians. Ultimatley noone knows what happened to them.
Term
A company where you could buy stock or shares to sponsor colonization. There is a the potential that you could make a profit.
Definition
Joint-Stock Companies
Term
In April 1607, 105 settlers arrived in ________. This was the beginning of 10 disastrous years.
Definition
Jamestown
Term
By the Spring of 1610, over 900 people had entered the colony of Jamestown, but only _____ had remained.
Definition
0nly 60 remained. Most had died. some returned to England. Some had been killed by Indians. Some had run away and joined the Indians
Term
What was there so much difficulty in why the British struggled in Virginia?
Definition
1. Miscalculation about Virginia's resoures(British thought it could duplicate the Spanish Silver and Gold mining but didnt)
2.The social composition of the settlers that came to Virginia. 30% were wealthy gentlemen.
3.The colonists did not have a reliable source or system of making food. They spent too much time searching for gold and silver when they should have been learning how to grow food. They relied on the Indians.
Term
Assisted the British colonists and allowed them to survive the first years of colonization.
Definition
Powhatan
Term
Why did Powhatan help the British colonists?
Definition

1. The British colonies were not viewed as a threat

 

2. The British colonies could serve as allies in wars against other Indian groups

Term
Virginians finally figure out that they can grow _____ and make a profit.
Definition
Tobacco
Term
A British politician that was a treasure of the colonization effort introduced a program in 1619. What was this program called?
Definition
Sandy's Program
Term
Sandy's Program puts forward incentives for the colonization in Virginia. What were the 3 incentives?
Definition
1. Land Reform - Not many people in Europe owned land and land was viewed as a standard of wealth. 2. Headright System - It creates an expectation to settlers that they will have access to land. That land is a right. 3. House of Burgesses - Is often referred to as the first representative legislature in colonies. Its about self government
Term
The 2nd trend of discovery was what product that was grown for a profit?
Definition
Tobacco
Term
What years were viewed as the tobacco boom?
Definition
1620s
Term
True or False. All of the colonists were engaged in growing tobacco. Almost the entire focus on the colonists was growing tobacco.
Definition
True
Term
His thesis is most accepted as colonial identity. People were adventurers, materialist, and out for themselves. Virginia during the 1620s and 1630s looked like a frontier; there's lawlessness, there's fighting, there's lots of prostitution, there's lots of drinking
Definition
T.H. Breen Thesis
Term
In the beginning of the 1620s, it is a critical development of the British colonies. The relationship between the _____ and the British colonies changes.
Definition
The Indians
Term
After Ponhatan dies, he is replaced by his brother _________.
Definition
Opechancanough
Term
After Opechancanough takes over after his brother Ponhatan dies, what does he notice about the population of the Europeans coming to Virginia?
Definition
He notices that more Europeans are coming to Virginia. More people means they need more land.
Term
Opechancanough called for this to reclaim Indian land and spiritual/religious beliefs.
Definition
Military resistance
Term
After Opechancanough's chief advisor is murdered by the Virginians in March of 1622, he launches an atttack on the Virginians. How many Virginians did Opechancanough and his army of Indians kill?
Definition
347 Virginians
Term
After the king abolishes the Virginia Company after an investigation of mismanaged land, who does the King give the power to?
Definition
The king gives power to himself
Term
This system utilized large amounts of acreage in order to produce the tobacco.
Definition
The Plantation System
Term
What was the first comprehensive labor system that was used in the Plantation System/
Definition
Indentured Servitude
Term
Were indentured servants usually white or black?
Definition
White
Term
Indentured Servants usually signed a contract that lasted how many years?
Definition
Typically from 4 to 5 years
Term
Who paid the indentured servants passage or way to the new world.
Definition
The holder of the contract where the indentured servant would work off his debt through his contract he signed.
Term
After an indentured servants contract ended, what did they receive?
Definition
They received freedom dues. They were given things like food, tools, weapons, clothing, cash and some cases they received land but not in Virginia
Term
Did indentured servants have any type of legal status?
Definition
Yes and they could take their contract holder to court
Term
There are a couple of reasons why people are living longer in Virginia. What are they?
Definition
1. They have a better diet
2. There are less major conflicts with the Indians
3. The trip over from Great Britain to Virginia is a lot easier
4. More women are coming over to Virginia from Great Britain.
Term
From 1658-1666, the indentured servitude contract period was increased. If you were 19 years old, how long was the contract for?
Definition
5 years
Term
From 1658-1666, the indentured servitude contract period was increased. If you were 18 years old or younger, you served until you were how old?
Definition
24 years old
Term
The average age indentured servitude began at what age?
Definition
At age 16
Term
One of the punishments for indentured servants was for running away. If you ran away, then a formula was used to figure the repayment. If someone ran away for a month then they would have to serve an additional what as repayment?
Definition
14 months as repayment
Term
When it came to indentured servants a woman could be punished for having a child out of wedlock. What was the punishment?
Definition
2 years was added on for having a baby out of wedlock
Term
The 3rd thing that happend in the Virginia colonization between 1650 and 1675 where 2.3 million acres of land was claimed.
Definition
Land Grab
Term
In the 1660s, there was a social order of the British colonies. What was the social order from top to bottom?
Definition
Top - Planters Next - Middleclass Men (Merchants, etc) Next - Servants/ Ex-Servants Next - Slaves (roughly 1000 slaves) Bottom - Indians
Term
The governor of Virginia.
Definition
William Berkley
Term
What was Bacon's Rebellion about?
Definition
Nathaniel Bacon was a planter that wanted to wage war with the Indians so he went to the governor William Berkley to get permission. Berkley said no but Bacon waged war with the Indians anyway. Bacon wants to wage war again with the Indians and he is told yes but behind his back he is told no. Bacon has his war with the Indians, then comes back, attacked Jamestown, running the governor out fleeing for his life. Bacon dies and the rebellion comes to an end
Term
What happens to the labor after Bacon's Rebellion?
Definition
Labor shifts from Indentured Servants to African slaves
Term
If Bacon's Rebellion is used as an impact on the transition of labor shifting from indentured servitude to African slavery then......
Definition
1. This will create a new labor system that has no limits (where the term of service is life)
2. Slavery originated in Virginia because of the concerns of the elite and powers of the lower class (So this decision was made as a preemptive strike against any potential civil unrest)
Term
If economics were used as an impact on the transition of labor shifting from indentured servitude to African slavery........then...
Definition
The transition happened when it became economically possible (In this slaves are viewed as property)
Term
Mature Virginia is a ________ economy whos labor system comprises of _______
Definition
1. tobacco
2. slaves
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