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Pharmacology
Graduate
11/02/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Abciximab
Definition

anti platlet

 

monoclonal

Term
Acetazolamide
Definition

Diuretic

 

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

 

reduces the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in proximal tubule

 

SFx: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, kidney stones, sulfa drug

 

needs 90% inhibition, treats mountain sickness

Term
Adenosine
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

binds to adenosine receptor

 

Iv bolus fo treatment of reentrant supraventricular arrythmias

Term
Albuterol
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

inhaled beta agonist

 

SFx: tremor, doesn't affect inflammation

 

 

quick relief

Term
Aliskirien
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

Direct Renin inhibitor

 

SFx: edema, diarrhea, gerd, elevated uric acid

Term
Altepase
Definition

anti coagulant

 

fibrinolytic

 

clot buster

 

must be sure it is it is not a hemmorage

Term
Amiloride
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

K sparing

 

INDIRECT Aldosterone inhibitor

inhibits liminal Na transport in collecting tubule

 

SFX: hyperkalemia

Term
Amiodarone
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

delayed rectifier K channel blocker

 

delays repolarization of K channels of phase 2 and 3

 

SFx: pulmonary fibrosis, photodermatitis, thyriod issues

 

 

Term
Asprin
Definition

anti coagulant

 

anti platelet

 

inhibits cyclooxygenase

 

irreversable

Term

Atenolol

 

Definition

Anti hypertensive/ anti arrhythmic

 

Beta blocker

 

Mech: blocks beta receptor in heart, blocks beta renin release

 

SFX: fatigue, tremor, bronchoconstriction

 

Term
Beclomethasone
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

long term inhaled corticosteroid

 

SFx: immunosuppression

Term
Bepridil
Definition

anti anginal

 

inhibits fast inward na current

 

Sfx: increase QT can lead to torsades

Term
Brinzolamide
Definition

Diuretic

 

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

 

reduces the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in proximal tubule

 

SFx: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, kidney stones, sulfa drug

 

needs 90% inhibition, treats mountain sickness

Term
Bumetanide
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Loop diuretic

 

inhibits Cl reabsorption in thick, ascending loop of Henle

 

SFX: hypokalemia, sulfa drug

Term
Bupropion
Definition

smoking cessation

 

anti depresent

 

start 1 or 2 weeks prior to quitting

Term
Captopril
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

ACE inhibitor

 

decreases angiotensin II production

 

SFx: hyperkalemia, hypotension, dry cough

bad w/ Nsaids, birth defects 2nd and 3rd trimesters

No reflex sympathetic activation

1st choice in patients w/ chf

Term
Carvedilol
Definition

Anti hypertensive

 

mixed blocker

 

reduces vascular tone and heart rate

 

SFX: blocks both types of adrenergic receptors

 

antioxidant

Term
Chlorthalidone
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Thiazide diuretic

 

inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule

 

usefule in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

 

SFX: sulfa drug, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

Term
Cholestyramine
Definition

anti lipid

bile acid resin

 

interfered with absoprtion of lipid vitamins and drugs

Safest anti lipid

Term
Chorothiazide
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Thiazide diuretic

 

inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule

 

usefule in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

 

SFX: sulfa drug, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

Term
Cilostazol
Definition

anti platelet

 

reversible

Term
Clofibrate
Definition

Anti lipid

PPAR activator

 

activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

reduces plasma triglycerides

 

SFX: gallstones can lead to myopathy like statins

first choice in severe triglyceridemia

Term
Clonidine
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

Central acting sympahtolytic

 

CNS alpha 2 agonist

 

SFX: water/na retention, sedation, sexual dysfunction

dry mouth, constipation

Term
Clopidogrel
Definition

anti platelet

 

irreversible

 

blocks adp receptor

Term
Conivaptan
Definition

diuretic

 

vasopressin antagonist

 

mixed v1 and v2 inhibitor

 

acute treatment of of CHS w/ hyponatremia

Term
Cromolyn
Definition

Anti asthmatic

 

histamine release blocker

 

very safe

Term
Desmopressin
Definition

anti diuretic

 

vasopressin agonist

 

increases permeability of distal convoluted tubule, inserts water channel

 

3000x affinity, long half-life

Term
Diazoxide
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

arterial vasodilator

 

K channel openor

 

SFX: hyperglycemia

 

treats hypertensive emergencies

Term
Digoxin
Definition

Ionotropic agent

 

cardiac glycoside

 

blocks Na/K atpase in sarcolemma

 

increases contractility

Term
Diltizaem
Definition

anti anginal

 

Ca channel antagonist

 

affect cardiac fxn, reduce rate of phase 4 depolarization

 

risk of MI

Term
Dofetilide
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

delayed rectifier K channel blocker

 

delays repolarization of K channels of phase 2 and 3

 

SFx: torsades de pointes

 

pure k blocker

Term
Dopamine
Definition

CHF drug

 

beta agonist

 

increase heart rate

 

used only in hospital

Term
Doputamine
Definition

CHF drug

 

beta agonist

 

increase heart rate

 

used only in hospital

Term
Dorzolamide
Definition

Diuretic

 

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

 

reduces the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in proximal tubule

 

SFx: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, kidney stones, sulfa drug

 

needs 90% inhibition, treats mountain sickness

Term
Doxazosin
Definition

Anti hypertensive

 

alpha adrenoceptor blocker

 

blocks postsynaptic alpha receptors

 

SFX: headache, sexual dysfunction

Term
Enalapril
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

ACE inhibitor

 

decreases angiotensin II production

 

SFx: hyperkalemia, hypotension, dry cough

bad w/ Nsaids, birth defects 2nd and 3rd trimesters

 

No reflex sympathetic activation

1st choice in patients w/ chf

Term
Enoxaprin
Definition

anti coagulant

 

heparin

 

facilitates antithrombin III

 

inactivates thrombin and factors IXa and Xa

 

bleeding

Term
Eplerenone
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

K sparing

 

DIRECT aldosterone antagonisst

 

SFX: hyperkalemia, GYNECOMASTIA

 

used in primary or secondaryt aldosteronism and liver cirrhosis

No CNS effects

Term
Epoetin alfa
Definition

Hematopoetic growth factor

 

erythropoietin

 

stimulates rbcs in bone marrow

Term
Eptifibatite
Definition

anti platlet

 

prevents mi

Term
Esmolol
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ anti arrhythmic

 

Beta blocker

 

Mech: blocks beta receptor in heart, blocks beta renin release

 

SFX: fatigue, tremor, bronchoconstriction

 

short acting, IV used when rapid blockage needed

Term
Ethacrynic Acid
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Loop diuretic

 

inhibits Cl reabsorption in thick, ascending loop of Henle

 

SFX: hypokalemia, OTOTOXICITY

 

NOT A SULFA DRUG

Term
Ezetimibe
Definition

Anti lipid

inhibits cholesterol absorption at brush border

Interferes with NPCILI

 

administered w/ statins

Term
Filgrastin
Definition

Myeloid growth factor

 

enhance neutrophils

 

bone pain

 

treats neutropenia associate w/ chemo

Term

Flecainide

 

Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

high affinity

 

na channel blocker

 

effective at low heart rate too

 

don't use with heart disease

Term
Fluticasone
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

long term inhaled corticosteroid

 

SFx: immunosuppression

Term
Fondaprinux
Definition

anti coagulant

 

heparin

 

facilitates antithrombin III

 

inactivates thrombin and factors IXa and Xa

 

bleeding

Term
Furosemide
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Loop diuretic

 

inhibits Cl reabsorption in thick, ascending loop of Henle

 

SFX: hypokalemia, sulfa drug

Term
Guanethidine
Definition

Anti hypertensive

 

Adrernergic neuron blocker

 

Inhibits NE release

 

SFX: Water/Na retention, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, diarrhea, sexual disfunction

Term
Hydralazine
Definition

CHF drug

 

vasodilator

 

 

Term
Hydralazine
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

arterial vasodilator

 

releases NO

 

SFX: angina, arrhythmia, lupus

 

has 1st pass effect

Term
Hydrochlorothiazide
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Thiazide diuretic

 

inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule

 

usefule in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

 

SFX: sulfa drug, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

Term
Ibutilide
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

delayed rectifier K channel blocker

 

delays repolarization of K channels of phase 2 and 3

 

SFx: torsades de pointes

 

IV

Term
Indapamide
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Thiazide diuretic

 

inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule

 

usefule in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

 

SFX: sulfa drug, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

Term
Ipratropium
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

anti cholinergic

 

blocks hypersensitivity to choline

 

SFx: dry mouth,

Term
Ipratropium
Definition

anti copd

 

anticholinergic

 

bronchodilation

Term
Isosobide dinitrate
Definition

anti anginal

 

nitrate

 

converted to NO

 

quick relief of angina

 

sublingual

Term
Isosorbide dinitrate
Definition

CHF drug

 

vasodilator

 

converted to NO

 

can have tolerance

 

venous dilation

Term
Isosorbide mononitrate
Definition

anti anginal

 

nitrate

 

converted to NO

 

quick relief of angina

 

oral

Term
Labetalol
Definition

Anti hypertensive

 

mixed blocker

 

reduces vascular tone and heart rate

 

SFX: blocks both types of adrenergic receptors

Term
Lepirudin
Definition

anti coagulant

 

direct inhibition of thrombin

 

from leeches

 

Term
Levalbuerol
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

inhaled beta agonist

 

SFx: tremor, doesn't affect inflammation

 

 

quick relief

Term
Lidocaine
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

low na channel blocker

 

effective at high heart rate

 

 

Term
Lisinopril
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

ACE inhibitor

 

decreases angiotensin II production

 

SFx: hyperkalemia, hypotension, dry cough

bad w/ Nsaids, birth defects 2nd and 3rd trimesters

 

No reflex sympathetic activation

1st choice in patients w/ chf

Term
Losartan
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

 

SFX: less cough, agniodema

 

similar to ace inhibitors

Term
Lovastatin
Definition

Anti-lipid

Statin

inhibit HMC-CoA Reductace

 

decreases plasma LDLs

cardio protective

Term
Lypressin
Definition

anti diuretic


vasopressin agonist


increases permeability of distal convoluted tubule, inserts water channel


short half-life

Term

Methyldopa

 

Definition

anti hypertensive

 

Central acting sympahtolytic

 

CNS alpha 2 agonist

 

SFX: water/na retention, sedation, sexual dysfunction

dry mouth, constipation

 

+ Coombs test hematologic immunodeficiency

Term
Mexiletine
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

low na channel blocker

 

effective at high heart rate

Term
Minoxidil
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

arterial vasodilator

 

opens up K channels, stabilizes resting potentials

 

SFX: hypertrichosis (hair growth)

 

potent long lasting

Term
Nedocomil
Definition

Anti asthmatic

 

histamine release blocker

 

very safe

Term
Nesertide
Definition

diuretic

 

Brain natriuretic peptide

 

iv constant infusion,

Term
Niacin
Definition

anti lipid

over the counter

 

inhibits lypolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue

reduces LDLs

increases HDLs

Hepatotoxic at useful dosages

Term
Nicardipine
Definition

anti anginal

 

Ca channel antagonist

 

relax arterial smooth muscle only

 

SFx: inhibits heart fxn

 

reduce O2 demand

Term
Nifedipine
Definition

anti anginal

 

Ca channel antagonist

 

relax arterial smooth muscle only

 

SFx: inhibits heart fxn

 

reduce O2 demand

Term
Nitroglycerin
Definition

anti anginal

 

nitrate

 

converted to NO

 

quick relief of angina

 

sublingual

Term
Omalizumab
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

monoclonal anti IgE antibody

 

sub Q injection

Term
Oprelvekin
Definition

megakaryocyte growth factor

 

recombinant IL-11

 

increases platelet production

 

treats thrombocytopenia

Term
Pegfilgrastim
Definition

Myeloid growth factor

 

enhance neutrophils

 

bone pain

 

treats neutropenia associate w/ chemo

 

longer half life

Term
Pibulterol
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

inhaled beta agonist

 

SFx: tremor, doesn't affect inflammation

 

 

quick relief

Term
Prazosin
Definition

Anti hypertensive

 

alpha adrenoceptor blocker

 

blocks postsynaptic alpha receptors

 

SFX: headache, sexual dysfunction

Term
Prednisone
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

systemic corticosteroid

(short term or long term)

 

anti inflammatory

 

weight gain, adrenal axis problems

Term
Procainamide
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

Med na channel blocker

 

affects some low heart rate

 

may cause lupus

Term
Protastin
Definition

anti copd

 

alpha proteinase inhibitor

 

 

Term
Quinapril
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

ACE inhibitor

 

decreases angiotensin II production

 

SFx: hyperkalemia, hypotension, dry cough

bad w/ Nsaids, birth defects 2nd and 3rd trimesters

 

No reflex sympathetic activation

1st choice in patients w/ chf

Term

Quinidine

 

 

Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

med na channel blocker

 

affects some low heart rate

 

tinnitis

Term
Ramipril
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

ACE inhibitor

 

decreases angiotensin II production

 

SFx: hyperkalemia, hypotension, dry cough

bad w/ Nsaids, birth defects 2nd and 3rd trimesters

 

No reflex sympathetic activation

1st choice in patients w/ chf

Term
Reserpine
Definition

Anti-hypertensive

Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents

 

 blocks uptake/storage of NorEp

 

SFX:depression, Parkinson's, nasal congestion, stiffness

 

Term
Romiplostim
Definition

megakaryocyte growth factor

 

stimulates thrombopoiten receptors

 

increase platelets

 

headache

 

treats thrombocytopenia

Term
Sargramostim
Definition

Myeloid growth factor

 

enhance neutrophils

 

bone pain

 

treats neutropenia associate w/ chemo

 

SFx: fever malaise edema arthralgia

Term
Sotalol
Definition

anti arrhythmic

 

delayed rectifier K channel blocker

 

delays repolarization of K channels of phase 2 and 3

 

SFx: torsades de pointes

Term
Spironolactone
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

K sparing

 

DIRECT aldosterone antagonisst

 

SFX: hyperkalemia, GYNECOMASTIA

 

used in primary or secondaryt aldosteronism and liver cirrhosis

Term
Streptokinase
Definition

anti coagulant

 

fibrinolytic

 

clot buster

 

must be sure it is it is not a hemmorage

Term
Terazosin
Definition

Anti hypertensive

 

alpha adrenoceptor blocker

 

blocks postsynaptic alpha receptors

 

SFX: headache, sexual dysfunction

Term
Terbualine
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

inhaled beta agonist

 

SFx: tremor, doesn't affect inflammation

 

 

quick relief

Term
Theophylline
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

methylxanthine

 

phosphodiesterase inhibition

 

prevents nocturnal symptoms

Term
Tiotropium
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

anti cholinergic

 

blocks hypersensitivity to choline

 

SFx: dry mouth

 

longer half-life

Term
Torsemide
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

Loop diuretic

 

inhibits Cl reabsorption in thick, ascending loop of Henle

 

SFX: hypokalemia, sulfa drug

Term
Tovaptan
Definition

diuretic

 

vasopressin antagonist

 

mixed v1 and v2 inhibitor

 

acute treatment of of CHS w/ hyponatremia

Term
Triamcinolone
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

long term inhaled corticosteroid

 

SFx: immunosuppression

Term
Triamterene
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ Diuretic

K sparing

 

INDIRECT Aldosterone inhibitor

inhibits liminal Na transport in collecting tubule

 

SFX: hyperkalemia

Term
Trimethaphan
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

ganglionic blocker

 

blocks ganglion

 

sympathoplegia/ parasympathoplegia

 

NO LONGER AVAILABLE

Term
Valsartan
Definition

anti hypertensive

 

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

 

SFX: less cough, agniodema

 

similar to ace inhibitors

Term
Verapamil
Definition

anti anginal

 

Ca channel antagonist

 

affect cardiac fxn, reduce rate of phase 4 depolarization

 

risk of MI

Term
Warfarin
Definition

anti coagulant

 

vitamin k epoxide inhibitor

 

inhibits prothrombin, factors VII, IX, X and protein C

 

inhibited by vitamin k

Term
Zafirlukast
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

leukotriene modifier

 

R= blocks receptor

Term
blood
Definition
blood
Term
copd
Definition
copd
Term
mannitol
Definition

diuretic

 

osmotic diuretic

 

not reabsorbed in renal tubules

 

SFx: Extracellular volume expansion

hyperkalemia, hypernatremia

 

IV only

Diuresis without naturesis

Term
metoprolol
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ anti arrhythmic

 

Beta blocker

 

Mech: blocks beta receptor in heart, blocks beta renin release

 

SFX: fatigue, tremor, bronchoconstriction

 

Term
montelukast
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

leukotriene modifier

 

blocks receptor

Term
pindolol
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ anti arrhythmic

 

Beta blocker

 

Mech: blocks beta receptor in heart, blocks beta renin release

 

SFX: fatigue, tremor, bronchoconstriction

 

Term
propanolol
Definition

Anti hypertensive/ anti arrhythmic

 

Beta blocker

 

Mech: blocks beta receptor in heart, blocks beta renin release

 

SFX: fatigue, tremor, bronchoconstriction

 

Term
salmeterol
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

long acting beta agonist

 

SFx: tremor, tachycardia

 

long term

Term
zileuton
Definition

anti asthmatic

 

leukotriene modifier

 

blocks enzyme

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