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SD All-State Vocab
N/A
158
Music
9th Grade
12/10/2013

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Term
accelerando (accel.)
Definition
gradually growing faster
Term
accidental
Definition
chromatic alteration of a note from the key signature until the next bar line (can be extended by a tie)
Term
ad libitum (ad lib) or piacere
Definition
at pleasure, at will
Term
a due (a 2)
Definition
for two parts
Term
affetuoso
Definition
tenderly, with feeling
Term
alla breve (c/)
Definition
2/2 time, cut time
Term
allargando
Definition
getting slower and louder
Term
amoroso
Definition
with love, with warm feeling
Term
animato or con anima
Definition
lively, animated, spirited
Term
appassianato or passione
Definition
passionate, fervent
Term
assai
Definition
much, very
Term
a tempo
Definition
return to the original tempo
Term
attacca
Definition
continue without a pause
Term
bravura
Definition
great technical skill, virtuosity
Term
brillante
Definition
sparkling, spirited
Term
cadenza
Definition
a brilliant (often highly technical) solo, often found at the end of a movement or a piece
Term
cadence
Definition
the close of a melodic or harmonic phrase
Term
calmando or calmato
Definition
quieting down, subsiding
Term
cantando or cantabile
Definition
in a singing style, lyrical
Term
capriccioso
Definition
fanciful, freely
Term
coda
Definition
a concluding passage added to the form proper
Term
con
Definition
with
Term
con brio
Definition
with vigor, vigorously
Term
con forza
Definition
with force, strength
Term
con fuoco
Definition
with fire, passionately
Term
con sordino
Definition
with mute
Term
con spirito or spiritoso
Definition
with spirit
Term
crescendo
Definition
becoming louder
Term
da capo (D.C.)
Definition
from the beginning
Term
dal segno (D.S.)
Definition
from the sign
Term
decrescendo (decresc.)
Definition
becoming softer
Term
diatonic
Definition
notes within a given scal or key
Term
diminuendo (dim.)
Definition
becoming softer
Term
divisi
Definition
divided parts where there is normally one
Term
dolce
Definition
sweet, gentle
Term
dppio movimento
Definition
twice as fast
Term
double flat (bb)
Definition
lower by one full step
Term
double sharp (X)
Definition
raise by one full step
Term
dynamics
Definition
the level of loudness
Term
pianississimo (ppp)
Definition
very, very soft
Term
pianissimo (pp)
Definition
very soft
Term
piano (p)
Definition
soft
Term
mezzo piano (mp)
Definition
medium soft
Term
mezzo forte (mf)
Definition
medium loud
Term
forte (f)
Definition
loud
Term
fortissimo (ff)
Definition
very loud
Term
forississimo (fff)
Definition
very, very loud
Term
e, ed, or et
Definition
and
Term
espressivo
Definition
with feeling, with expression
Term
etude
Definition
a study or exercise focusing on a particular technical or musical problem
Term
fermata
Definition
a pause or hold
Term
finale
Definition
last movement of a multi-movement work
Term
fine
Definition
the end
Term
forzando
Definition
a strong accent
Term
giocoso
Definition
humorous, playful
Term
giusto
Definition
exact, appropriate or usual tempo
Term
glissando
Definition
a glide from one note to the next
Term
grazioso
Definition
graceful
Term
interval
Definition
pitch difference between two notes
Term
key signature
Definition
sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a selection indicating its key
Term
largamente
Definition
broadly
Term
legato
Definition
Term
l'istesso tempo
Definition
at the same tempo
Term
loco
Definition
return to normal position
Term
maestoso
Definition
majestic, with dignity
Term
marcato
Definition
accented, stressed
Term
marcia
Definition
march
Term
meno
Definition
less
Term
molto
Definition
much, very
Term
morendo
Definition
fading away
Term
mosso or moto
Definition
moved, motion
Term
non
Definition
no, do not
Term
nuance
Definition
subtle shading in style
Term
ossia
Definition
an alternate version
Term
pesante
Definition
weighty, ponderous
Term
piu
Definition
more
Term
pochissimo
Definition
as little as possible
Term
poco a poco
Definition
little by little
Term
pomposo
Definition
statley, pompous
Term
quasi
Definition
almost, as if
Term
rallentando (rall.)
Definition
becoming slower
Term
ritardando (ritard. or rit.)
Definition
becoming slower
Term
ritenuto (riten.)
Definition
immediately slower
Term
rinforzando (rfz.)
Definition
a sudden accent
Term
rubato
Definition
free use of accel. and rit. within a measure without altering the duration of the measure as a whole
Term
sans or senza
Definition
without
Term
scherzando
Definition
playfully
Term
segue
Definition
continue without pausing
Term
sempre
Definition
always, throughout
Term
sforznado (sfz.)
Definition
sudden accent
Term
simile
Definition
in the same manner
Term
soli
Definition
a section solo, a group of soloists
Term
solo
Definition
a part for one perfomer
Term
sonore
Definition
resounding, loud
Term
sordino
Definition
mute
Term
sostenuto (sost.)
Definition
sustained
Term
staccato
Definition
detached
Term
stringendo (string.)
Definition
growing faster
Term
subito (sub.)
Definition
suddenly, at once
Term
tacet
Definition
be silent
Term
tempo
Definition
rate of speed
Term
grave
Definition
solemn and very, very slow
Term
largo
Definition
very slow
Term
adagio, lento, larghetto
Definition
slow
Term
andante
Definition
moderately slow
Term
andantino
Definition
slightly faster than andante
Term
moderato
Definition
moderate, neither fast nor slow
Term
allegreto
Definition
moderately fast
Term
allegro
Definition
fast and lively
Term
vivo, vivace
Definition
very fast and intense
Term
presto
Definition
the fastest conventional tempo
Term
prestissimo
Definition
as fast as possible
Term
tenuto (ten.)
Definition
held, sustained for full value
Term
timbre
Definition
tone color
Term
tranquillo
Definition
quiet, peaceful
Term
trill (tr.)
Definition
a rapid alteration between the written note and the diatonic second above it
Term
troppo
Definition
too much
Term
tutti
Definition
all, with all performers
Term
un, una, uno
Definition
one
Term
unison
Definition
together on the same part or in octaves
Term
1 flat
Definition
F major, D minor
Term
2 flats
Definition
Bb major, G minor
Term
3 flats
Definition
Eb major, C minor
Term
4 flats
Definition
Ab major, F minor
Term
5 flats
Definition
Db major, Bb minor
Term
6 flats
Definition
Gb major, Eb minor
Term
7 flats
Definition
Cb major, Ab minor
Term
1 sharp
Definition
G major, e minor
Term
2 sharps
Definition
D major, b minor
Term
3 sharps
Definition
A major, f# minor
Term
4 sharps
Definition
E major, c# minor
Term
5 sharps
Definition
B major, g# minor
Term
6 sharps
Definition
F# major, d# minor
Term
7 sharps
Definition
C# major, a# minor
Term
up bow
Definition
moving tip to frog
Term
down bow
Definition
moving frog to tip
Term
detache
Definition
a primarily connected bow stroke with distinct, separate bows
Term
slur
Definition
connecting more than one note per bow without stopping
Term
staccato
Definition
short, stopped strokes with the bow remaining on the string
Term
spiccato
Definition
stroke with the bow bouncing off the string
Term
portato
Definition
slightly enuciate each note within a slure using bow weight and speed
Term
arco
Definition
with the bow
Term
pizzicato
Definition
plucked
Term
martele
Definition
hammered; heavily accented staccato
Term
tremolo
Definition
an effect produced by rapidly alternating down and up bows
Term
staccato volant
Definition
linked spiccato notes in the same direction
Term
ricochet
Definition
thrown/rebound stroke usually in groups of 2 or 3
Term
flautando
Definition
flute-like bowing played near the fingerboard
Term
col lengo
Definition
the effect produced by striking the string with the stick
Term
sul ponticello
Definition
an icy, whistling effect produced by striking the string with the stick
Term
alto clef
Definition
used for viola and trombone to avoid excess ledger lines; middle C is the center line
Term
tenor clef
Definition
used for cello, trombone, basson and double bass; middle C is the fourth line from the bottom
Term
vibrato
Definition
slight variation of pitch by left hand motion used to add warmth
Term
major scales
Definition
diatonic scales with half-steps between 3-4 and 7-8
Term
natural minor scales
Definition
diatonic scales with half-steps between 2-3 and 5-6
Term
harmonic minor scales
Definition
natural minor scales with the 7th scale degree raised a half-step; this adds a half-step between 7-8, and an interval of 1.5 steps between 6-7
Term
melodic minor scales
Definition
natural scales where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised one half step in the ascending form creating half steps between 2-3 and 7-8; these notes are lowered to their naturals state in the descending scale, making it identical to the natural minor
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