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Alfredo's Final Exam Prep
Alfredo's Final Exam Prep
58
Science
6th Grade
05/27/2015

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Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
Variable that changes due to experimentation. For example, the dependent variable would be the growth of a plant after a scientist waters it with a new fertilizer
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
That which the scientist manipulates. For example, using different chemicals to observe their effects on plant growth.
Term
Empirical Evidence
Definition
Observations, measurements, and other types of data that people gather and test to support and evaluate scientific explanations
Term
Theory
Definition
The explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning; that is supported by a large quantity of evidence; and that does not conflict with any existing experimental results or observations.
Term
Law
Definition
A statement that reliably predicts events under certain conditions.
Term
Natural Sciences are divided into 3 areas. What are they?
Definition
Biology, Geology, and Physical Science
Term
Biology
Definition
Study of living things
Term
Geology
Definition
Study of Earth
Term
Physical Science
Definition
Study of nonliving matter
Term
Fieldwork
Definition
Activities that help scientists collect data in an original setting. For example, a paleontologist digging up bones in Colorado.
Term
Laboratory
Definition
Place where scientists usually do experiments in a controlled environment.
Term
How do scientific ideas change?
Definition
New discoveries, new observations, collaboration, and debate.
Term
A scientific ________ describes what happens, but a scientific __________ describes for what reasons it happens.
Definition
Term
Experiment
Definition
An organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions.
Term
Observation
Definition
Process of obtaining information by using the senses.
Term
What are the 3 types of scientific investigations?
Definition
Experiments, Observations, and Models
Term
Model
Definition
Representation of an object or system
Term
Data
Definition
Information gathered by observation or experimentation that can be used in calculating or reasoning.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation.
Term
What are some characteristics of good scientific investigations?
Definition
Experiments should be verified through repetition and replications. It should undergo peer review by scientists not involved in the investigation.
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
Defining a Problem, Forming a Hypothesis, Planning an Investigation, Identifying Variables, Collecting and Organizing Data, Interpreting Data, Drawing and Defending Conclusions
Term
How is repetition different from replication?
Definition
Repetition is done by the same scientist, whereas replication is done by different scientists not involved in the investigation. The same result is obtained during both.
Term
How can you evaluate the quality of scientific information?
Definition
Peer reviewed articles are the gold standard. Also, scientists write books for the average person to read.
Term
Graphs are physical representation of _________________
Definition
Data
Term
How do scientist make sense of data?
Definition
They use data tables to organize data. They look for quantities, times, and frequency of something happening.
Term
What do graphs show?
Definition
Graphs show data in a visual way, making the data easier to understand.
Term
Hoe do scientists evaluate models?
Definition
Scientists use models to make predictions before an investigation as well as to represent the results after an investigation.
Term
What makes up the universe?
Definition
Planets, Stars, Galaxies
Term
Star
Definition
A large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light.
Term
Galaxy
Definition
A large collection of stars, gas, and dust.
Term
Universe
Definition
Word used by scientists to describe space and all of the energy and matter in it.
Term
Solar System
Definition
Collection of large and small bodies that orbit our central star, the sun.
Term
Planet
Definition
Spherical body that orbits the sun.
Term
Terrestrial Planets
Definition
Four planets that orbit nearest to the sun.
Term
What are the Terrestrial Planets?
Definition
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Term
Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets
Definition
Rocky, dense and relatively small
Term
What are the Gas Giant Planets?
Definition
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Term
Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets
Definition
Large, gaseous atmospheres, small rocky cores, and ring systems.
Term
How do stars make energy?
Definition
Energy production takes place in the center, or core, of a star. Energy is produced by the process of nuclear fusion.
Term
What is nuclear fusion?
Definition
Stars fusing lighter elements, such as hydrogen, into heavier elements, such as helium.
Term
Dwarf galaxies
Definition
Small galaxies
Term
Giant galaxies
Definition
Huge, large galaxies
Term
How are distances measured in the universe?
Definition
By light years
Term
What is a light year?
Definition
The distance that light travels through space in 1 year.
Term
What is the structure of the universe?
Definition
Clusters and Superclusters and Voids
Term
Describe a star that is red in color
Definition
A red star indicates a cool star
Term
Describe a star that is blue in color
Definition
A blue star indicates a very hot star.
Term
Multiple Star Systems
Definition
3 or more stars that are bound by gravity
Term
What is the temperature of the center of the Sun?
Definition
15,000,000 degrees Celsius
Term
Photosphere
Definition
Name for the Sun's surface
Term
How is star brightness measured?
Definition
By apparent magnitude
Term
What is apparent magnitude?
Definition
the measure of a star's brightness as seen from Earth.
Term
First Magnitude
Definition
Brightest stars that can be seen by the naked eye
Term
Sixth Magnitude
Definition
Faintest stars that can be seen by the naked eye
Term
Luminosity
Definition
Actual bright of a star
Term
What is absolute magnitude?
Definition
measure of how bright a star woudl be if the star were located at a standard distance.
Term
How are the surface temperature of stars measured?
Definition
By color
Term
Why do stars have different colors?
Definition
Because they have different surface temperatures.
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