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Airway Management
Terminology
56
Medical
Not Applicable
07/01/2013

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Term
Wheezes
Definition
whistling upon inspiration and expiration resulting from constriction or obstruction of the pharynx, trachea, or bronchi.
Term
Rales
Definition
(Crackles) crackling/popping sound upon inspiration caused by fluid in the smaller airway passages.
Term
Rhonchi
Definition
(Rattles) Secondary to inflammation and mucous/fluid in the larger airway passages heard upon inspiration. Commonly ass. w/ bronchitis, pneumonia.
Term
Hiccup
Definition
intermittent spasm of the diaphragm, spastic closure of the glottis.
Term
gagging
Definition
Caused by irritation of the posterior pharynx.
Term
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Definition
A pattern of gradually increasing rate + depth that tapers to a slower rate + depth with a period of apnea before repeating.
Term
Kussmaul respirations
Definition
Deep, gasping respirations. An attempt to blow off excess CO2.
Term
Boit's respirations
Definition
irregular respirations varying in rate and depth interrupted w/ periods of apnea. Ass. w/ ICP, medulla damage, drug poisoning.
Term
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Definition
Deep, rapid breathing. Ass w/ ICP
Term
Equation used to calculate how much O2 a tank has left.
Definition
MIN remaining = [(PSI) x.28]/(L/min)
Term
Vertebral line
Definition
Divides the back into equal halves, runs along the spine
Term
Parts of the Pharynx; in order of superior to inferior
Definition
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Epiglottis, Laryngopharynx
Term
Lower airway parts
Definition
Trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs
Term
Parts of the upper airway + function
Definition
Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx. Filters, warms, + protects the parts of the lower resp tract.
Term
Nasal cannula delivers ___% O2? @ what rate should the tank be run?
Definition
25%-45% 1-6 L/M
Term
Simple face mask delivers ___% O2? @ what rate should the tank be run?
Definition
40-60% 8-10 L/M
Term
Partial rebreather mask delivers ___% O2? @ what rate should the tank be run?
Definition
35-60%, 6-10 L/M
Term
Nonrebreather mask delivers ___% O2? @ what rate should the tank be run?
Definition
up to 100% O2, @ 10-15 L/M
Term
What are the steps in troubleshooting a bag-mask that is not causing chest rise?
Definition
1- Reassess Pts head position
2- Check mask seal + bag compression
3- Check for airway obstruction
Term
What is an ATV?
Definition
Automated Transport Ventilator: vol cycled and rate controlled ventilator, for Pts who with decreased LOC or require positive pressure ventilations.
Term
What are the indications of ET intubation?
Definition
Indications:
- Pt cannot protect his/her airway
- cannot ventilate with less invasive methods
- airway obstruction or respiratory failure
Term
What formula is used to select ET tube size for Pts 1-10yrs of age?
Definition
age/4 +4= Uncuffed ET tube size
age/4 +3= Cuffed ET tube size
Term
What are the 7 Ps of RSI? (Rapid Sequence Intubation)
Definition
-Prep
-Preoxygenate
-Premedicate
-Paralysis
-Protect the airway
-Pass the tube, and prove placement
-Postintubation
Term
What are some causes of false Pulse Ox readings?
Definition
Dark/metallic nail polish
False nails
bright ambient light
Poor perfusion
Jaundice
Medications
Term
What are the indications for performing a cricothyrotomy?
Definition
- Intubation is difficult or impossible
- Complete airway obstruction
- laryngeal fracture
- Craniofacial abnormalities
- Congenital laryngeal abnormalities
- Excessive oropharyngeal hemorrhage
- Respiratory arrest
- C-spine fracture w/resp compromise
- Inability to access Pts mouth
Term
What are the contraindications for performing a cricothyrotomy?
Definition
- Primary laryngeal injury
- Infra laryngeal obstruction
Term
Agonal respirations
Definition
slow, shallow, irregular respirations resulting from anoxic brain injury
Term
Air trapping
Definition
Breathing increase, shallow breaths, increasing the vol of trapped air; result of obstruction of pulmonary tree
Term
Angle of Louis
Definition
where the second rib joins the sternum
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Total lack of O2 available to the tissues
Term
Apnea
Definition
Respiratory arrest
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
collapse of the alveoli, preventing respiratory exchange
Term
BiPAP
Definition
Bilevel positive airway pressure: positive pressure during inspiration and a lower pressure during exhalation
Term
Capnograph
Definition
Device that measures CO2 in a numerical wavelength
Term
Capnometry
Definition
Reading of CO2 w/out written record or waveform
Term
Carina
Definition
Point where trachea divides into the R+L bronchi
Term
COPD
Definition
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: progressive + irreversible condition, diminished inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs.
Term
Dead air space
Definition
Air inspired that does not have gas exchange (trachea, bronchi, and locations w/out alveoli)
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
uncomfortable awareness of own breathing
Term
Expiratory reserve volume
Definition
amount of gas that can be forcefully expelled at the end of a breath.
Term
Extubation
Definition
removal of ET tube
Term
FiO2
Definition
Fraction of inspired O2
Term
Functional reserve capacity
Definition
the vol of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal breath
Term
glottis
Definition
the true vocal chords and the space between them
Term
Hering-Breuer reflex
Definition
A reflex that limits inspiration to prevent overinflation of the lungs
Term
Hilum
Definition
point of entry for bronchial vessels, bronchi, and nerves for each lung
Term
Hypercarbia
Definition
excess of CO2 in the blood
Term
Inspiratory reserve volume
Definition
amount of gas that can be forced into the lungs after a normal breath in.
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
Dyspnea relieved by a change in PTs position
Term
Peak expiratory flow
Definition
greatest amount of airflow that can be achieved with one full forced breath
Term
Peak flow meter
Definition
Device used to asses the severity of respiratory distress
Term
Residual volume
Definition
after a maximal forced exhale, the amount of air remaining in the lungs and airways not able to be expelled
Term
Saturation of peripheral O2
Definition
The % of hemoglobin saturated with O2 (SPO2)
Term
Sellick maneuver
Definition
Technique: compression of the cricoid cartilage against the cervical vertebre, causing occlusion of the esophagus, reducing the risk of aspiration.
Term
surfactant
Definition
cells w/in each alveolus that keeps it from collapsing when there is little to no air inside
Term
Vallecula
Definition
The pocket between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis
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