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Airway Anatomy
Sections may Overlap
44
Nursing
Graduate
10/23/2015

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Primary Goals of Airway Managment
Definition
Provide Effective ventilation and adeqaute oxygenation
Term
4 Basic Questions of Airway Managment
Definition

1. Can I ventilate the patient?

 

2. Can I place a LMA?

 

3. Can I intubate this patient?

 

4. Can I secure an emergency airway? 

Term
Upper Respiratory Tract
Definition

Above the Level of the Cricoid

 

(Mouth/Nose to End of larynx/beginning of trachea)

 

Nose, mouth, pharynx, hypopharynx to larynx

Term
Lower Respiratory Tract
Definition

Anything below the Cricoid

 

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Term
Soft Palate
Definition

Posterior 1/3 of mouth

 

Protects against aspiration but can block airway movement (age, obesity) 

 

Innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve IX

Term
Tongue
Definition

At the base of it is the epiglottis

 

Main source of airway obstruction 

 

Anterior 2/3 innervated by Trigeminal nerve

 

Posterior 1/3 innervated by Glossopharyngeal

Term
Epiglottis
Definition

Sits at the base of the tongue 

 

Attached to the hyoid bone by the hyoepiglottic ligament

 

Prevents aspiration with swallowing- can cause obstruction 

 

Anterior Epiglottis is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal

 

The Posterior epiglottis is innervated by the Internal Superior Laryngeal Nerve 

Term
Clincial Cause of Airway Obstruction
Definition

Soft Palate- relaxation of tensor palate

 

Tongue- relaxation of geniglossus muscle

 

Epiglottis- relaxation of hyoid muscle 

Term
Humidification of the Nose
Definition

10,000 L pass through a day

 

1L of mositure is added

 

Term
Inferior Turbinate
Definition

Highly vascular membrane

 

Need to vasocontrict before passing Nasal ETT 

Term
Pharynx
Definition

U shaped muscle structure that etends from base of the skull to level of the cricoid cartilage 

 

Naso-Oro-Hypo/Laryngo

Term
Nasopharynx
Definition

Anterior to C1

 

From base of the skull to soft palate

 

Includes the adenoids and eustachian tubes 

Term
Oropharynx
Definition

Aneterior to C2-C3

 

From the soft palate to the epiglottis 

 

Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve 

Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition

From the superior border of the epiglottis and the inferior boarder of the cricoid cartilage at C5-C6

 

Includes the uppper esophageal spinchter and cricopharyngeus muscle 

Term
Cricopharyngeus Muscle
Definition
Role in swallowing, peristalsis, and barrier to regurgitation in awake patient
Term
Larynx
Definition

Extends from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage

 

Begins at C3 and ends at C6 in an adult

 

Infants C3- C5

 

Innervated by the Vagus 

Term
Single Layer Cartilage
Definition

Thyroid

 

Cricoid

 

Epiglottis

Term
Paired Cartilage
Definition

Artenoids

 

Corniculate

 

Cuneiform

Term
Thyrohyoid Membrane
Definition

Forms a C shaped barrier around the anterier and lateral walls

 

Helps to create structure 

 

Site for blocks and surgical procedures 

Term
Glottis
Definition

Narrowest part of the adult airway is the glottis opening

 

Located at C5

 

Subglottis region is narrowest in peds 

Term
Cricoid Cartilage
Definition

Only complete ring in the upper airway 

 

Attaches to the thyroid by the cricothyroid membrane 

 

1 to 1.5 fingerbreadths below thyroid notch 

 

This is where you do your surgical airway 

 

 

Term
Vocal Cord Location
Definition

Inferior Ligaments- Vocal Folds- inner produce sounds 

 

Superior Ligaments- vestibular folds (false cords)- outer protection

Term
Muscles of the Larynx
Definition

Lateral CricoArytenoid

 

Thyroid Arytenoid

 

Posterior CricoAryenoid

 

Cricothyroid 

 

 

Term
Lateral CricoArytenoid
Definition

"Lets cords approximate"

 

adducts 

 

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Term
Thyroid Arytenoid
Definition

Shortens the vocal cords

 

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve 

Term
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Definition

"Pulls cords apart"

 

Abducts

 

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve 

 

Muscle used in breathing and phonation 

Term
Cricothyroid Muscle
Definition

Elongates the cords

 

Tenses

 

Innervated by the external superior laryngeal nerve 

 

Used in phonation- tenses the cords 

Term
Vallecula
Definition

Space on top of the epiglottis

 

Where you insert your MAC blade

 

Has a superior and inferior part

 

Innervated by the glossopharyngeal 

Term
Trachea
Definition

C6-T5

 

Begins with the cricoid- ends with the carina 

Term
Blood Supply to the Larynx
Definition

Carotid branches- thyroid artery

 

Thyroid artery branch- cricothyroid artery 

Term
4 major nerves in airway innervaton
Definition

Trigeminal

 

Glossopharyngeal

 

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

 

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve 

Term
Trigeminal Innervation
Definition

Anterior 2/3 of tongue

 

Mandibular division

 

Nasal mucosa 

Term
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Innervation
Definition

Posterior 1/3 on Tongue

 

Soft Palate

 

Tonsils

 

Oropharynx

 

Vallecula

 

Anterior epiglottis

Term
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Innervation
Definition

Posterior epiglottis 

 

Vocal cords

Term
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Innervation
Definition

Vocal Cords

 

Trachea 

Term
Vagus Nerve Innervation
Definition

Larynx

 

Efferent limb of gag reflex 

Term
Right Vagus
Definition
Gives rise to the right RLN, hooks around the R subclavian artery and ascends into the neck between the trachea and the esophagus
Term
Left Vagus
Definition
Give rise to the left RLN and enters the thorax between the L common carotid and the left subclavian and hooks around the aortic arch
Term
External Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Definition
Motor of the cricothyroid muscle
Term
Internal Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Definition
Major sensory from the vocal cords up
Term
Recurrent  Laryngeal Nerve
Definition

Major motor nerve 

 

and sensory below the cords 

Term
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Damage
Definition

Unilateral- minimal effects

 

Bilateral- horseness, tiring of voice, but airway control is fine 

Term
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage
Definition

Unilateral- hoarseness, paralysis of the ipsilateral vocal cord

 

Bilateral- Acute vs Chronic

 

Acute- stridor, respiratory distress from unopposed tension of the cricothyroid

 

Chronic- aphonia, obsurction duringi nspiration 

Term
Bilateral Vagal Nerve Damage
Definition
Involved both the SLN and RLN but no airway distress, just severly impaired phonation
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