Flashcard Machine - create, study and share online flash cards

Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun

Self-Portrait

1790

Oil on Canvas

-Gazes directly at viewer

-Painter in the French court

-Admitted to the Academy for painting

-Rococo

John Singleton Copley

Portrait of Paul Revere

ca. 1768-1770

Oil on canvas

-Typical of American portraiture - "downrightedness"

Angelica Kauffmann

Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures

ca. 1785

Oil on canvas

-Born in Switzerland, career flourished in England

-Founding member of the British Royal Academy of Arts

-Strongly influenced by neo-Classicism

-Moralizing

Joseph Wright of Derby

A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery

ca. 1763-1765

Oil on canvas

-Promoted Enlightenment ideals

-"Ordinary lecture takes on the qualities of a grand 'history painting'."

-Scrupulous attention to detail and realism

François Boucher

Cupid a Captive

1754

Oil on canvas

-Playful fantasy, erotic frivolity

-Painted for the French court

-Utilizes Baroque elements - criscrossing diagonals, etc.

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

The Swing

1766

Oil on canvas

Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin

Grace at Table

1740

Oil on canvas

-Rebellion against Rococo; morality

Jean-Baptiste Greuze

The Village Bride

1761

Oil on canvas

-Appealed to the bourgeois class

-Rural romance - simple & sweet

Jacques-Louis David

Oath of the Horatii

1784

Oil on canvas

-Neo-classical idealism - extreme attention to detail and realism - historically accurate

-Rejected from Academy

Jacques-Louis David

The Death of Marat

1793

Oil on canvas

-Painted in service of Revolution

-Idealized, yet realistic

Benjamin West

The Death of General Wolfe

1771

Oil on canvas

-Depicts Battle of Quebec

-"Contemporary History Painting" - depicts current events in the history painting mode - grand, elaborate - great method for propaganda!

Jacques-Louis David

The Coronation of Napoleon

1805-1808

Oil on canvas

-Versatility of David

-Historically "accurate", yet propaganda devices used - pope blessing Napoleon, Napoleon crowning Josephine, etc.

Pierre Vignon

La Madeleine

Paris, France

1807-1842

-"Temple of Glory" for Napoleon's armies originally - converted to church

-Corinthian columns

-SO neo-Classic, obvs

-Church in guise of pagan Rome

James Stuart

Doric portico

Hagley Park, Worcestershire, England

1758

-Grand tour, etc. etc.

Antoine-Jean Gros

Napoleon at the Pesthouse at Jaffa

1804

Oil on canvas

-Beginning of Romanticism

-Pure propaganda - Napoleon comforting the ill; in reality poisoned ill soldiers to be rid of burden

Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson

The Burial of Atala

1808

Oil on canvas

-Student of David

-Based off of Romantic novel, The Genius of Christianity

Antonio Canova

Pauline Borghese as Venus

1808

Marble, life size

-Thinginess - note the detail on the mattress

-Almost too true to life - Pauline had many affairs

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Grandes Odalisque

1814

Oil on canvas

-Reminiscent of Mannerism - proportions off

Henry Fuseli

The Nightmare

1781

Oil on canvas

-Romantiscism - delight in sublime

-Member of the Royal Academy

-Reminiscent of Mannerism, Hellenistic (sleeping, submission)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi

Carceri 14

ca. 1750

Etching, second state

-Sublime & infernal go hand in hand

-Hopelessness & menace

Thomas Gainsborough

Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

1787

Oil on canvas

-Enlightenment

-Pastoral

William Blake

Ancient of Days

1794

Metal relief etching, hand colored

-Romantic artist with classical references

-Michelangelesque physique

Francisco Goya

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters

ca. 1798

Etching and aquatint

-Self-portrait

-Perhaps personifying Romantic spirit - unleashing of imagination, emotions, nightmares

Francisco Goya

Saturn Devouring One of His Children

1819-1823

Detail of a detached fresco on canvas

-Raw carnage - Saturn associated with time - time devours all?

-Simplicity, but conveys brutality

Francisco Goya

Family of Charles IV

1800

Oil on canvas

-enamored with Velázquez - greatly influenced by

-Naturalistic - exception of attire and title, nobility is lost

Francisco Goya

The Third of May

1814

Oil on canvas

-Wall of French soldiers - anonymous & brutal

-Christ-like allegorical figure

Théodore Géricault

Raft of the Medusa

1818-1819

Oil on canvas

Théodore Géricault

Insane Woman (Envy)

1822-1823

Oil on canvas

-Confrontation with nature, sane or mad, equalled truth

Eugène Delacroix

Death of Sardanapalus

1826

Oil on canvas

-pictorial grand drama

Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres

Apotheosis of Homer

1827

Oil on canvas

-Student of David

Eugène Delacroix

Tiger hunt

1854

Oil on canvas

-Journeyed to Morocco - served as inspiration for this piece

-Romantic interest in exotic and foreign locales

Antoine-Louis Barye

Jaguar Devouring a Hare

1850-1851

Bronze

-echoes Delacroix's fascination with raw beauty & bestial violence

-careful observation of body structure

Eugène Delacroix

Liberrty Leading the People

1830

Oil on canvas

François Rude

La Marseillaise

Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France

1833-1836

-Phrygian cap - spiritual sister of Delacroix's Liberty

-Represented in classical garb

-Allegorical

Caspar David Friedrich

Abbey in the Oak Forest

1810

Oil on canvas

-German landscape artist - landscapes were temples, paintings were altarpieces

-Emblems of death throughout

John Constable

The Haywain

1821

Oil on canvas

-English landscape

-Nostalgia for utopia of pastoralism

Thomas Cole

The Oxbow

1836

Oil on canvas

-Member of "Hudson River School"

-Also morally questions America's direction as a civilization

JMW Turner

The Slave Ship

1840

Oil on canvas

-Seascape

-Style is rooted in the emotive power of color

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

Still Life in Studio

1837

Daguerreotype

-Art is vanitas - not permanent, fleeting

Nadar

Eugéne Delacroix

1855

Modern print from original negative

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Lord Heathfield

1787

Oil on canvas

-Heathfield defended fortress of Gibraltar against the French and Spanish

Honoré Daumier

Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art

1862

Lithograph

-Made immediately after a court decision recognized photography as an art

Honoré Daumier

Rue Transnonain

1834

Lithograph

-Defender of urban poor

-Significance lies in "factualness" - but because there is an agenda, still propaganda

Timothy O'Sullivan

A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863

Negative by O'Sullivan

Original print by Alexander Gardner

Jean-François Millet

The Gleaners

1857

Oil on canvas

-Member of the Barbizon school - detailed pictures of forest and countryside, peasant stock & country poor

-Heavy, weighty figures - reminiscent of sibyls on Sistine Chapel

Gustave Courbet

Burial at Ornans

1849

Oil on canvas

-Ordinary, starkly anti-hero

Wilhelm Leibl

Three Women in a Village Church

1878-1881

Oil on canvas

-Rustic Sunday best

Henry Ossawa Tanner

The Thankful Poor

1894

Oil on canvas

-Studied with Thomas Eakins

-Love of Rembrandt

John Everett Millais

Ophelia

1852

Oil on canvas

-Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

-distaste for materialism and ugliness of contemporary world

Marie-Rosalie Bonheur

The Horse Fair

1853-1855

Oil on canvas

-Realism

-Most celebrated female artist of the 19th century

-"heroism of modern life"

Thomas Eakins

The Gross Clinic

1875

Oil on canvas

-Studied in Philadelphia & France

-Believed knowledge and science was intrinsic & necessary in art

J. L. Charles Garnier

The Opéra

Paris, France

1861-1874

-Neo-Baroque façade - mimics façade of Louvre

-Extremely symmetrical!

Gustave Caillebotte

Paris: A Rainy Day

1877

Oil on canvas

-Impressionism

-Depicts new grand avenues of Paris by Haussmann

-Composition is most Impressionist aspect - captures fleeting, arbitrary nature of city life

Édouard Manet

Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe

1863

Oil on canvas

-Articulated Realist principles, but at the same time, critical to development of Impressionism

-Shocked & outraged the public!

-Flat tones - Manet was acknowledging painting was a flat surface

Adolphe-William Bouguereau

Nymphs and Satyr

1873

Oil on canvas

-Graceful - contrast to Manet's depictions of nudes

-Neo-classical - acceptable to public - also used fictional theme and traditional painting modes

Édouard Manet

Olympia

1863

Oil on canvas

-Again, outraged public - shamelessness of the prostitute

Édouard Manet

A Bar at the Folies-Bergère

1882

Oil on canvas

-Spatially distorted

-Radical break with tradition makes many consider Manet the first modernist artist

John Singer Sargent

The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit

1882

Oil on canvas

-Studied in Paris, settled in London

-Lively realism

Claude Monet

Impression: Sunrise

1872

Oil on canvas

Claude Monet

Saint-Lazare Train Station

1877

Oil on canvas

-Application of paint contributes to energy in scene

Bethe Morisot

Villa at the Seaside

1874

Oil on canvas

-Escaped criticism most Impressionists received - her work was viewed as delicate, graceful and sensible

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Le Moulin de la Galette

1876

Oil on canvas

-Outside dancehall

-Dappled shade and sun

Camille Pissarro

La Place du Théâtre Français

1898

Oil on canvas

-Think of Nadar Elevating Photography

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Nocturne in Black and Gold (The Falling Rocket)

ca. 1875

Oil on panel

-American expat in London and Paris

-Wanted his work to ressemble musical compositions - called works "nocturnes"

Mary Cassatt

The Bath
ca. 1892

Oil on canvas

-American in Paris

-Strong patterning and visual solidarity

Edgar Degas

The Tub

1886

Pastel

-Linear hatch marks

Claude Monet

Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun)

1894

Oil on canvas

-Light and color provide understanding of form

Paul Cézanne

Mont Sainte-Victoire

1902-1904

Oil on canvas

-Turn from Impressionism to more analytical style

-Cool colors recede, warm colors advance

Paul Cézanne

The Basket of Apples

ca. 1895

Oil on canvas

-Captured solidarity of each object by color

-Two- and three-dimensional simultaneously

Georges Seurat

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

1884-1886

Oil on canvas

-Pointellism

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

At the Moulin Rouge

1892-1895

Oil on canvas

-Satirical, almost caracature
-Masklike and cruel

Edgar Degas

Ballet Rehearsal

1874

Oil on canvas

-Brings viewer in to the image by capturing a moment in time

Vincent van Gogh

The Night Café

1888

Oil on canvas

-Innocuous, innocent scene, but van Gogh imbued it with "the terrible passions of humanity"; wanted to create a place where one could go mad in an oppressive atmosphere

Vincent van Gogh

Starry Night

1889

Oil on canvas

-Painted the year before his death from his asylum window

Paul Gauguin

The Vision after the Sermon or Jacob Wrestling with the Angel

1888

Oil on canvas

-Scene of Breton countryside

-Images not Impressionist - images are what the impressionest eye saw & memory and imagination modified

Paul Gauguin

Where Do We Come From?  What Are We? Where Are We Going?

1897

Oil on canvas

-Tahiti

Gustave Moreau

Jupiter and Semele

ca. 1875

Oil on canvas

-Semele overcome by apparition of Jupiter and swoons - beautiful inertia

Odilon Redon

The Cyclops

1898

Oil on canvas

-Adoption of Impressionist palette and stippling b rush strokes

-Fetal head of Polyphemus above sleeping Galatea

Edvard Munch

The Cry

1893

Oil, pastel and casein on cardboard

-pain of human life - primal scream

Gustav Klimt

The Kiss

1907-1908

Oil on canvas

-"Fin de Siècle" culture - wealthy middle class living the good life - sexual drives, unconscious, freewheeling - DECADENCE!

-Ties to Art Nouveau

Gertrude Käsebier

Blessed Art Though among Women

1899

Platinum print on Japanese tissue

-Title is quote of the angel Gabriel

-Used soft focus to create aura of otherwordliness

-Imbue everyday scenes with sense of divine

Aubrey Beardsley

The Peacock Skirt

1894

Pen-and-ink illustration for Salomé

-Obvious influence from Japanese screens

-Eliminates shading, purely linear and shape

Antonio Gaudi

Casa Milá

Barcelona

1907

-"Sculpted" building

-Undulating and cave like - following buzz from discovery of Altamira

Rodin

Walking Man

1905, cast 1962

Bronze

Auguste Rodin

Burghers of Calais

1886

Bronze

-Six citizens offered their lives to lift the siege

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux

Ugolino and His Children

1865-1867

Marble

-Love of Baroque

-Lacöon?

Henri Matisse

Red Room

1908-1909

Oil on canvas

-Fauve use of colors

-Color selection = warmth = emotional response

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

Street, Dresdon

1908

Oil on canvas

-German expressionism: Die Brücke (The Bridge) - bridging old & new age

-Compare to The Cry ; zombie-like people, garish, conrfrontational

Emil Nolde

St. Mary of Egypt Among Sinners

1912

Oil on canvas, left panel of a triptych

-St. Mary before her conversion

Pablo Picasso

Gertrude Stein

1906

Oil on canvas

-Used an Iberian mask on her face - face is now made of linear planes

Henri Rousseau

The Sleeping Gypsy

1897

Pablo Picasso

Les Demoisselles d'Avignon

June-July 1907

Oil on canvas

-Tension between representation and abstraction

-Two heads on right are reminiscent of African sculpture - came later in the painting

Georges Braque

The Portuguese

1911

Oil on canvas

-Analytic cubism

Robert Delaunay

Champs de Mars or The Red Tower

1911

Oil on canvas

-Differed from other Cubists in that he favored color

-Eiffel tower - ambiguously rises and collapses

Georges Braque

Bottle, newspaper, pipe and glass

1913

Charcoal and various papers pasted on paper

-Synthetic cubism

Picasso

Still Life wth Chair Caning

1912

Oil and oilcloth on canvas

-Chair caning is purely an illusion

Picasso

Guitar

1912

Cardboard, string, and wire (restored)

Fernand Léger

The City

1919

Oil on canvas

-Purism - machine aesthetic

Aaron Douglas

Noah's Ark

1927

Oil on Masonite

-Harlem Renaissance

Giacomo Balla

Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash

1912

Oil on canvas

-Futurist

-Sense of motion

Umberto Boccioni

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

1913, cast 1931

Bronze

-Blur of motion

Wassily Kandinsky

Improvisation 28

1912

Oil on canvas

-Theosophy

-Wished to make music like art

-Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc

Fate of the Animals

1913

Oil on canvas

-Der Blaue Reiter

- Animals are trapped in forest, being destroyed by some event

Otto Dix

Der Krieg (The War)

1929-39

Oil on canvas

-Neue Sachlichkeit (New objectivity)

Gerrit Thomas Rietveld

Schröder House

Utrecht, the Netherlands

Kazmir Malevich

Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying, 1915

Oil on canvas

-art is divorced from reality

-supreme reality is pure feeling - attached to no object

Vladimir Tatlin

Monument to the Third International

1919-1920

Làzlò Moholoy-Nagy

From the Radio Tower Berlin

1928

Gelatin Silver Print

-Marvels of modern age - radio, & new vision (perspective)

Paul Klee

Twittering Machine

1922

Watercolor and pen and ink on oil transfer drawing on paper mounted on cardboard

-Charming, fanciful

Vera Mukhina

The Worker and the Collective Farm Worker

Sculpture for the Soviet Pavilion

Paris Expo,

1937

Sir Joseph Paxton

Crystal Palace

London

1850-1851

Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin

Houses of Parliament, London

Designed 1835

-Moral purity and spiritual authenticity in architecture of Middle Ages

-Rebuttal against Industrialization

Gustave Eiffel

The Eiffel Tower

1887-9

Wrought Iron

Henry Hobson Richardson

Marshall Field wholesale store

Chicago

1885-1887

-Fond of Romanesque Architecture

Louis Henry Sullivan

Guaranty Building

Buffalo, NY, 1894-1896

-Utilized ornate embellishments

-Steel, sheathed in terracotta

Sullivan

Carson, Pirie, Scott Building

Chicago

1899-1904

Frank Lloyd Wright

Robie House

Chicago, 1907-1909

Le Corbusier

Villa Savoye

Poissy-sur-Seine, France

1929-1930

-The "International Style"

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Model for a glass skyscraper

Berlin, Germany

1922

-Less is more

-Cylindrical

William van Alen

Chrysler Building

New York, New York

1928-1930

-Art Deco

Michael Graves

Portland Building

Portland, Oregon, 1980

-Enlarged Jukebox

-Classical references

-Postmodernist

Günter Behnisch

Hysolar Institute Building

University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

1987

-Decontructivist architecture

Frank Gehry

Guggenheim Bilbao Museum

1997

-Decontructivist - entire building is mass of unbalanced and asymmetrical forms

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain

1950 (Original in 1917)

Ready-made glazed sanitary china with black paint

-Dada

-Art lies in choice of object

Marcel Duchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

1912

Oil on canvas

-Compare to cubists

Marcel Duchamp

The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)

1915-1923

Oil, lead, wire, foil, dust and varnish on glass

-Top is bride - motor filled with love gasoline

-Bachelors fills lower part - masturbating?

Hannah Hoch

Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dad through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany

1919-1920

Photomontage

Giorgio de Chirico

Melancholy and Mystery of a Street

1914

Oil on canvas

-Precursor to surrealism

-Metaphysical

Max Ernst

Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale

1924

-Oil on wood with wood construction

-Dreamworld

Joan Miro

Painting

1933

Oil on canvas

-Fantasy and hallucination

Salvador Dali

The Persistence of Memory

1931

Oil on canvas

-Barren landscape where time has ended

René Magritte

The Treachery of Images

1928-1929

Oil on canvas

-Discrepency between image and words

Meret Oppenheim

Le Déjeuner en fourrure

1936

Fur-covered cup

-

Frida Kahlo

The Two Fridas

1939

Oil on canvas

-Personal struggles and struggles of Mexico

Picasso

Guernica

1937

Oil on canvas

-Brutality, darkness and death

José Clemente Orozco

Epic of American Civilization: Hispano America

1932-1934

Panel

-Mexican peasant armed to participate in Mexican Revolution

Jacob Lawrence

No. 49 from The Migration of the Negro

1940-1941

Tempera on Masonite

-ongoing exodus of black labor

Grant Wood

American Gothic

1930

Oil on beaverboard

-Rural scenes from Iowa

-Extreme nationalism

Willem de Kooning

Woman I

1950-52

Oil on canvas

-fertility?

-raw. intense

Jackson Pollock

Number 1, 1950, Lavender Mist

1950

Oil, enamel and aluminum paint on canvas

-Gestural painting

-"feels" the painting - relies heavily on subconscious

Mark Rothko

No. 14

1960

Oil on canvas

-Color is primary conveyor of meaning

Robert Rauschenberg

Canyon

1959

Mixed Media

Jasper Johns

Flag

1954-1955

Encaustic, oil and collage on fabric mounted on plywood

Richard Hamilton

Just What is it that Makes Today's Homes so Different, so Appealing?

1956

POP

-Values of modern consumer culture

Francis Bacon

Painting

1946

Oil and pastel on linen

-Existentialism - postwar expressionism

-Wars butchery

Andy Warhol

Marilyn Diptych

1962

Oil, acrylic and silkscreen enamel on canvas

-Following the suicide of MM

-Garish, masklike, part of consumer culture

Roy Lichtenstein

Hopeless

1963

Oil on canvas

Audrey Flack

Marilyn

1977

Oil over acrylic on canvas

-Superrealism

-like Dutch vanitas paintings

Duane Hanson

Supermarket Shopper

1970

Polytester resin and fiberglass

-

David Smith

Cubi XIX

1964

Stainless steel

Frank Stella

Mas o Menos

1964

Metalic powder in acrylic emulsion on canvas

-

Joseph Kosuth

One and Three Chairs

1965

-Conceptual art

Eva Hesse

Hang up

1965-6

Acrylic on cloth over wood and steel

-fragility and grandeur of life among pressures of modern age

Richard Serra

Tilted Arc

1981

Cor-ten steel

-Federal plaza, NYC

-Intended to disrupt the flow of traffic

Robert Smithson

Spiral Jetty

1970

Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water at Great Salt Lake

Joseph Beuys

How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare

1965

Photograph of performance art

-Shaman

Judy Chicago

The Dinner Party

1979

Multimedia