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Africa
Midterm 1
105
History
Undergraduate 3
10/02/2013

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Cards

Term
What are the 5 major rivers in Africa?
Definition
Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Orange.
Term
How long is the nile?
Definition
4000 miles
Term
How long is the congo?
Definition
3000 miles
Term
What are the 3 main mountain ranges in Africa?
Definition
Kilimanjaro, Mt Kenya and Mt Rawenzori.
Term
Where is mt Kilimanjaro?
Definition
Tanzania
Term
Where is mt Rawenzori?
Definition
Uganda
Term
What are the 4 language families in Africa?
Definition
Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo and Khoisan.
Term
Which language family has the largest number of languages?
Definition
Niger-Congo
Term
What is the most common language in the Niger-Congo language family?
Definition
Bantu
Term
Which language family consists of hunter gatherers?
Definition
Khoisan
Term
What mountain is known as the wettest spot in Africa and how much rain does it get?
Definition
Mt Cameroon with 400" annually
Term
What percent of Africa is a rural setting?
Definition
70.00000%
Term
Why is Africa known as the cradle of humankind?
Definition
Because the origins of human species are from Africa?
Term
By what year had humans spread throughout the world and adapted to the climate differences?
Definition
10,000BC
Term
Where is Olduvai Gorge located?
Definition
Tanzania
Term
What is the most important site with regards to human origin?
Definition
Olduvai Gorge
Term
What are the oldest human remains found in Olduvai Gorge?
Definition
1.8 million yrs
Term
Who developed the theory that Africa is the cradle of human kind?
Definition
Mary and Lewis Leakey
Term
What are the 2 earliest means of acquiring food?
Definition
Hunter/gatherer and food production like growing plants.
Term
What is the name of the civilization that depended on water, caught lots of fish and created earliest forms of pottery and harpoons?
Definition
Aquatic civilization
Term
Where was the Aquatic civilization located and when were they around?
Definition
Sudanic belt and 8000 - 6000 BC
Term
Who ruled the great Mesopotamia Empire?
Definition
Sumerians
Term
When did the sumerians reach the height of their civilization?
Definition
4000 BC
Term
What contributions did the sumerians make in African society?
Definition
They were skilled agriculturists, erected cities, and invented writing?
Term
Where did the sumerians claim they were from?
Definition
Ethiopia and Egypt.
Term
Who were the Dravidians?
Definition
Africans that migrated to India and became some of its early inhabitants.
Term
Who was referred to as "Black Europeans" or " Asiatic Europeans and why?
Definition
Dravidians because they had broad nose, dark skin and whooly hair.
Term
When did the Dravidians reach the height of their development?
Definition
3000 BC
Term
What accomplishments were the Dravidians known for?
Definition
Bathrooms, Domestication of animals, wheat, cotton, bronze and iron work.
Term
What type of Agriculture is practiced in West Africa?
Definition
Planting part of parent plant.
Term
What type of Agriculture is practiced in South West Ethiopia?
Definition
Used stem of plant to produce another plant.
Term
What type of Agriculture is practiced in the horn of Africa?
Definition
Used seeds to grow plants.
Term
What type of Agriculture is practice in the sudanic region?
Definition
Cultivate grains and raise livestock.
Term
Which people started Wilton Industries and what did this company do?
Definition
Khoisan People. They made small tools such as arrow tips and spears.
Term
Where were there large communities of khoisan people?
Definition
Botswana and namibia
Term
Which people lived in small groups, had decentralized decision making and split labor by gender lines?
Definition
Khoisan People.
Term
How do heardsman measure wealth?
Definition
Number of cattle.
Term
Where did the governments revenue come from?
Definition
Taxes and Tolls.
Term
What is the primary system of commerce?
Definition
Barter System
Term
What are some of the main economic institutions in Africa?
Definition
Mining Gold and artisaning baskets textiles and wood carvings.
Term
What was significant about Nok Culture?
Definition
They had a highly advanced social system.
Term
Where and when did Nok Culture begin and end?
Definition
It began in Nigeria in 1000 BC and ended inwest africa in 300 AD.
Term
What is Polyandry?
Definition
Marriage where female has 1 or more spouses.
Term
What is Polygamy?
Definition
Marriage where male has 1 or more spouses.
Term
What is the difference between patrilineal and matrilineal?
Definition
Patrilineal is the descent of fathers side and matrilineal is descent on mothers side.
Term
What is the name of the association that turns boys into men?
Definition
Poro
Term
What is the name of the womans association that transitions girls into women.
Definition
Sande
Term
What is the role of women in the family?
Definition
Wife and mother that nurtures and teaches culture.
Term
What are womens role in society?
Definition
trade/commerce, farmers and crafts.
Term
What are the 5 political organizations in Africa?
Definition
Non-centralized states, Isolated family States, Clan states, village states and kingdoms.
Term
What are the 3 types of kingdom families?
Definition
Royal family, electring family and enthroning family.
Term
Political Levels
Definition
Kings / Chief, Provincial governors, district chiefs, local / village chiefs
Term
Where was ancient Ghana located?
Definition
northern senegal and Mauritania area.
Term
Ancient Ghana
Definition
4th century AD, earliest west african state. capital trading town Kumba Saleh. Derived power and wealth from gold, slaves, salt and water. Introduced camel in trade.
Term
Who was Al Bakri
Definition
Spanish Muslim geographer visited and described Ancient Ghana in 1062 to 1067 AD.
Term
Ancient Mali
Definition
7th century AD. First great west african muslim state
Term
Who was Mansa Kankan Musa?
Definition
14th century ruler in ancient mali that took pilgramage to mecca in 1324 and devalued gold because he brought so much with him.
Term
Who was Ibn Battuta?
Definition
Historian that described ancient mali and critisized Mansa Kankan Musa'a meanness.
Term
Songhay
Definition
7th century AD. Was under control of Ancient Mali
Term
Who was Sunni Ali Ber?
Definition
15th century ruler of songhay that made it the most powerful kingdom in west africa.
Term
Who was Askia Muhammad I?
Definition
Ruler of Songhay. Overthrew previous Sunni dynasty by leading military take-over. Was known as Askia the Great. He ruled as strict Muslim. Was first ruler to set up army of slaves and POW's so people could continue with farming and commerce. Was dethroned by eldest son.
Term
What resulted from Askia Muhammad I's trip to mecca?
Definition
He brought back reforms to better organize kingdom. He made islamic law the law of the land and did reforms in education such as adding schools to rural areas.
Term
What was the university of Sankore/ Timbuktu?
Definition
Intellectual Center where scholars came to study grammer, surgery, astronomy, geography, math.
Term
Ancient Egypt
Definition
Worlds first grand civilization. Started in 3100 BC and lasted until greeks took over in 332 BC.
Term
Meroe
Definition
Now south sudan. Capital City of kingdom of kush. First iron-age state. Developed their own writing script. Has over 200 pyramids with over 40 kings and queens buried there. Southern capital of Napata.
Term
Axum
Definition
Now ethiopia and eritrea. Started by Sabaeans from SW Arabia. Known for trade on the Red Sea at a sea port called Adulis. Monopolized trade routes and ivory trade. Had control of coastal salt planes. Official religion was christianity.
Term
Zimbabwe Civilization
Definition
Founders came from kingdom of mapungubwe. Known for use of stomes without mortar. Rulers were great agriculturists and herded cattle. Gold was main source of wealth. Had a standing Army. Matrilineal social system. Declined in 15th Century.
Term
Who was Ivan Van Sertima?
Definition
HE wrote "They came before columbus." He said there were africans in the new world 2000 years before columbus. The stone heads from southern mexico have negroid features. He said that africans started the Olmec culture but this theory was disputed.
Term
What were the main coastal settlements of the east african city statesand what countries would they be in now?
Definition
Mogadishu (Somalia), Lamu (Kenya), Kilwa ( Tanzania), zanzibar (Tanzania) and Mombassa (Kenya)
Term
Where was the largest Arab slave trading center?
Definition
Zanzibar
Term
Who are Swahili? What is their language, trading items?
Definition
They were a bicultural population established in case Africans remain in power. Also known as Afro-Arabs. Their language was Kiswahili. They traded with China and India with Gold, Ivory and slaves.
Term
Kilwa
Definition
Leading swahili commercial town on the coast. Center of East African Slave trade.
Term
What was Mogadishu?
Definition
Most important center of islamic culture. largest and most developed among city states.
Term
Who was Vassa da Gama?
Definition
He led 3 ships from portugal to the east african coast to replace Arabs in the Indian ocean trade.
Term
Why was there religious resentment between Islams and Christians?
Definition
Because moors (African Muslims) dominated the area.
Term
What problems did Portuguese Settlements cause?
Definition
Caused trade and prosperity to decline so mombassa convinced Iman of Oman to send ships over and he defeated them, but they never left.
Term
What was the middle passage?
Definition
3 to 6 month trip where slaves were transported from Africa to new world.
Term
What were slave castles?
Definition
Places where people were collected to be sold and evaluated for shipping to new world.
Term
Why was sierra leone founded?
Definition
English allowed african slaves to be free so they would come to english soil. English did not like having africans in their land and biracial babies so they sent them all to Sierra Leone.
Term
Who were Krios?
Definition
Descendents of slaves that were sent to sierra leone by england.
Term
Why was liberia founded?
Definition
US wanted to get rid of the blacks so they sent them to liberia and called them Americo-Liberians. The slave owners were compensated. During Lincolns time.
Term
What 4 factors caused an increase in the slave trade in East Africa?
Definition
Opening of sugar and coffee plantations by french. Abolishing of slave trade by british on west coast. Expansion of sugar plantations in Brazil. Introduction of Clove Plantations.
Term
What occurred due to success from clove plantations?
Definition
Plantations were set up in zanzibar so they changed this to the capital. It also caused huge increase in slave trade.
Term
What are the 5 spiritual duties of Islam?
Definition
Accept Shahada. Pray daily while facing Mecca. Give to charity. Fast during daylight in month of Ramadan. Make pilgramige to Mecca.
Term
What does Jihad mean?
Definition
Holy War
Term
What does Islam mean?
Definition
Submission to god.
Term
What is a muslim?
Definition
Person who submits to god.
Term
What is the Sharia?
Definition
Islamic work of law.
Term
Who was Mohammed and what happened after his death?
Definition
HE was a preacher of God. When he died he left no instruction for who would replace him so 2 branches emerged. The Sunnis and the Shi'ites.
Term
Who are the Sunnis?
Definition
Religious group that follows tradition of prophet and believe succesor should be elected.
Term
Who are the Shi'ites?
Definition
Religious group that believe inheritance should choose successor.
Term
Who were the mamluks?
Definition
Originally they were imported as slaves but then trained and educated to be soldiers and have high status and were highly pensioned at the end of their service. Children could not join army.
Term
Who were the pombeiros?
Definition
They bought slaves from local chiefs in exchange for cloth and wine. They returned to Benguela and Luanda with hundreds of slaves in chains.
Term
Who was muhammad Ali of Egypt?
Definition
He was an albanian commander in the ottoman army who was considered a founder of modern Egypt because of military, economic and cultural reforms.
Term
Why was muhammad Ali against the Suez Canal?
Definition
because it would put egypt at the mercy of the powerful navies of Europe.
Term
Who completed the Suez Canal?
Definition
Muhammad Ali's grandson Khedive Ismail.
Term
Why did the french invade Algeria?
Definition
It was considered one of the most ill considered acts In the 19th century. It was only meant to divert the attention of the french from their resentment of the kings. It didn't even work because the king got overthrown.
Term
When did the slave trade become ilegal in England, US and Sweden?
Definition
England in 1807, US in 1808 and Sweden in 1813.
Term
Who is Shaka?
Definition
King of Zulu. He organized the military and united the clans so they became very powerful. They defeated other tribes and absorbed them into their nation. He ruled by fear and was very strict.
Term
What was the conflict between the Boers and the Bantu?
Definition
Bantu had good land and were good agriculturists, but the Boers wanted their land so they conquered them. Since the boers were racially mixed african and dutch this conflict was the beginning of racism in South Africa.
Term
What is an Assagai?
Definition
Similar to a spear and was used by zulu and nguni.
Term
What was happening during the Mfecane?
Definition
Shaka of Zulu started waves of warfare through tribes which started this violent chain reaction. Many tribes started trying to take over new territory so this became a period of widespread chaos. The most significant point was when king of Matabele, Mzilikazi, ordered his people to kill of all competition.
Term
What was the great trek?
Definition
This was when the affricans migrated eastward to escape brittish control. Many discoveries were made on this journey.
Term
Who was Seyyid Said?
Definition
Arab ruler who established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations using slave labor.
Term
What peroducts were used in trans saharan trade?
Definition
salt, gold, slaves, nuts, beads, shells.
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