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Africa Terms
Africa Terms Regents Review
28
History
10th Grade
05/04/2011

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Term
Sahara Desert
Definition
Located in Northern Africa and has created a barrier for trade and ideas between Northern Africa and the rest of Africa.
Term
Desertification
Definition
the spreading of the desert
Term
Sahel
Definition
Grass lands south of the Sahara desert where desertification is occurring.
Term
Nile River
Definition
Site of the ancient Egyptian civilization
Term
Cape of Good Hope
Definition
The very dangerous southern tip of Africa where sailors had to navigate around in order to sail around Africa to get to Asia from Europe or vice versa.
Term
Kush
Definition
Early trading group in Eastern African that was responsible for setting up trade routes between Africa and the Arabian peninsula.
Term
Benin
Definition
A kingdom of Western Africa that thrived mostly in the Congo rainforest. It was known for its traditional lifestyle, trade networks and artistic development.
Term
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
Definition

The West African Kingdoms that were famous for the

gold-salt trade across the Sahara desert. 

Term
Mansa Musa
Definition
Mali King who was responsible for spreading Islam across Northern Africa through the gold-salt trade network.
Term
Timbuktu
Definition
Capital of the Mali Empire which was the center of trade and Islamic culture in West Africa.
Term
gold coast
Definition
The western coast of Africa which historically was an area of great wealth, first because of the gold that was found and traded there and then during the slave trade era the staging ground for the Middle Passage.
Term
Animism
Definition
traditional religion for many African tribes which believed that there were spirits in nature. Often compared to Shinto of Japan.
Term
African slave trade
Definition

Period in African history from the early 1500’s until the

early 1800’s when Africans were being captured in Africa

and shipped to the Americas to work on the American

plantations as slaves.  

Term
Middle Passage
Definition
The part of the African slave experience which was the boat ride across the Atlantic Ocean in awful conditions.
Term
Columbian Exchange
Definition
The sharing of products between the Old World (Africa, Europe and the Middle East) and the New World (the Americas) when they first came into contact.
Term
Scramble for Africa
Definition
During the late 1800’s there was a renewed interest in Africa by Europeans to gain as many colonies in Africa as possible to obtain natural resources for industrialization.
Term
Berlin Conference of 1884
Definition
Meeting by Europeans to split Africa into European colonies. Europeans did not invite any Africa leaders to help them so many unfriendly tribes were put in similar colonies while friendly tribes were split up. This conference is believed to be the cause of many ethnic problems and civil wars that Africa has faced since the colonies were disbanded after World War II
Term
Afrikaners/Boers
Definition
Dutch settlers who settled in settled in South Africa.
Term
Boer War
Definition
War between the British and Dutch for control of South Africa. The British feated the Boers and forced them to migrate away from the coast in South Africa.
Term
Zulu
Definition
Historic African tribe who bravely fought against European invaders especially in South Africa.
Term
Great Trek
Definition
the migration of Boer farmers with their African servants from the Cape Colony to the north and east of South Africa from about 1836 to 1845 to escape British authority
Term
Transvaal/Orange Free State
Definition
former province of NE South Africa: colonized by the Boers after the Great Trek (1836); became a British colony in 1902
Term
Apartheid
Definition
Laws in the country of South Africa that greatly restricted the rights of their black citizens.
Term
Pass Laws
Definition
One of the more infamous apartheid laws. The law forced black citizens of South Africa to carry around passes when traveling outside of their compounds or designated areas. These laws greatly restricted movement of non-whites within their own country of South Africa.
Term
ANC
Definition
It was a group in South Africa that was fighting against apartheid. Stands for African National Congress
Term
Nelson Mandela
Definition
Leader of the ANC and eventually became the first black President of South Africa.
Term
Pan-Africanism
Definition
belief that African nations must work together to make Africa a stronger continent for all.
Term
African Union
Definition
an organization of African states established in 2002, it aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members.
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