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Affective Disorders
Lecture notes for Mind, Brain & Behavior 2210
42
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/07/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Major Depressive Frequency
Definition

- 6.7% pop, more common in women, diagnosed between ages 30-40

- 10% women, 4% of men

-

Term
Major Depressive Symptoms
Definition
-Sadness, fatigue, lack of concentration, insomnia/hypersomnia, worthlessness, suicidal, social withdraw, agitation, psychomotor retardation
Term
Major Depressive Structural
Definition

- Decreased volume in orbital frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus

- Reduced brain activity in left frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and basal ganglia

Term
Major Depressive Genetic
Definition

-Identical twins, 50% risk

- Fraternal twins, 20% risk

Term
Monoamine Hypothesis
Definition
-Deficiency in serotonin and norepineephrine (as evidenced by deficits in sero & nore metabolites)
Term
Resperine
Definition

-Induces symptoms of depression, reduces serotonin and norepinephrine

 

Term
Evidence against & revision
Definition

- Even as monoamine levels increase in brain, antidepressants take 2-4 weeks to work

- Revision: Receptors less sensitive to monoamines

Term
MAOI
Definition

- Block breakdown of monoamines

- Many negative side effects

- Short half life

Term
Tricyclics
Definition

-Block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters and prevents reuptake

- Many Negative side effects

- Long Half Life

Term
SSRI
Definition

-Selectively block serotonin transporters

- Increase Serotonin in synapse

- Less side effects

Term

Non Drug

 

Definition

- Electroconvulsive therapy (IE Shock)

- Transcranial magnetic stimulation

- Cognitive Behavior Therapy (usually in conjunction w/ other treatment)

Term
Bi-Polar Prevalence
Definition

-2.6% pop.

- Equally common in men and women

- onset about 25 years old

Term

2 'poles'

 

Definition

1. Mania

2. Hypomania (depressive)

Term
Manic Symptoms
Definition

1. Inflated self-esteem

2. decreased need for sleep

3. more talkative/pressure to talk

4. flight of ideas/racing thoughts

5. distractable

6. increase in goal directed activity (hyperactive)

7. excessive and impulsive invovlement in pleasurable activities

Term
Depressive Symptoms
Definition

1. Sadness

2. Social Withdraw

3. Fatigue

4. Suicidal

Term

Affects of Bipolar on Brain structure

 

Definition

- Decrease in prefrontal cortex volume (planning, attention)

- Increase of activity in manic phase and decreased during depressed

Term
Genetic componet Bipolar
Definition

- Twins: 20-75% identical

0-8% fraternal

- Certain genes do code for it

Term
Monoamine Hypothesis for Bipolar
Definition

- Norepinephrine levels differ during phases

- Drugs that increase nore. alleviate depressive symptoms, including antidepressants

 

Term
Mood Stablilizers
Definition
- Dampen high, elevate lows
Term
Lithium Carbonate
Definition

- Mechanism unknow, affects dopamine, glutamate, other shit

- lots of side effects

Term
Valproic Acid
Definition

-Anticonvulsant

- Works well with rapid cyclers

Term
Schizo Prev
Definition

-1% US pop.

- No gender difference

- Late teens/early 20s for men

- mid 20s-mid30s for women

-Don't "grow out"

Term
Positive Symptoms Schizo
Definition
-Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior
Term
Negative Symptoms Schizo
Definition
- Flattened affect, alogia, avolition
Term
Tangentially
Definition
- Move from one topic to another quickly
Term

Flattened Affect

 

Definition
- Reduction of emotional response
Term
Alogia
Definition
-Lack/reduction of speech
Term
Avolition
Definition
-Reduced motivation to perform basic task
Term
Anhedonia
Definition
-Reduction of interest in pleasurable activity
Term
Prodromal
Definition
-Internalized symptoms that occur before psychotic symptoms
Term
Pre Frontal Cortex
Definition
- Schizo patients have less activation
Term
Genetics
Definition

- Large role

- 50% identical twins, 17% fraternal

Term
Brain Structure Schizo
Definition

-Hippocampus disorganized and smaller

- Influenza affects radial glial cells

- Decreased dendritic arborization in prefronta, less dendrites

- reduced thalamic & cingulate gyrus neurons

- enlarged ventricles

Term
Dopamine Hypothesis Schizo
Definition

- Positive symptoms caused by excess subcortical dopamine

- negative symptoms caused by loss of cortical dopamine

 

Term

Dopamine Hypothesis Schizo Evidence

.

Definition

1. Cocaine & amphetamines induce psychotic symptoms

2. Typical antipsychotic drugs alleviate psychotic symptoms

3. Schizos have more dopamine receptors and drugs that block dopamine receptors are effective

Term
Nigrostraital Pathway Schizo
Definition
- Affects motor function
Term
Mesolimbic Pathway Schizo
Definition
- Affects reward/pleasure, motivation
Term
Mesocortical Schizo
Definition
- Affects cognitive processes (disorganized thought,  negative symptoms, cognitive deficits)
Term
Glutamate Hypothesis Schizo
Definition

- Reduction of glutamate in cortex

- based on observation that PCP & Ketamine induce both positive and negative symptoms

Term
Combo Glutamate/Dopamine Schizo
Definition

- Cortical gluatmate reduction leads to excess dopamine in subcortical regions. Leads to positive symptoms.

- Cortical glutamate leads to loss of doapmine in cortical regions

Term
Typical Schizo Drugs
Definition

- Block D2 dopamine receptors, make neg symptoms worse

- Motor symptoms worsen, parkinsons like

- Relieve Postive, worsen negative

Term
Atypical Schizo Drugs
Definition

- Low affinity for D2 receptors

- Primarily block serotonin receptors

- Alleviates positive and negative. But doen't entirely fix negative.

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